Lymphocytes sune sel fararen jini (leukocytes) waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin rigakafi. Suna ganowa da kawar da cututtukan da ke cikin jiki.

Yawan da girman lymphocytes

LLymphocytes ƙananan ƙwayoyin sel ne. Suna da yawa kuma suna wakiltar tsakanin 20 zuwa 40% na leukocytes yawo a cikin jiki.

Rarraba nau'ikan lymphocytes daban -daban

Gabaɗaya akwai rukuni uku na lymphocytes:

• B lymphocytes ;
• T lymphocytes ;
• NK lymphocytes.

Haɗuwa da balaga na lymphocytes

Haɗuwa da balaga na lymphocytes yana faruwa a cikin nau'ikan gabobin biyu:

• gabobin lymphoid na farko, wanda ƙashin ƙashi da thymus suke ciki;
• gabobin lymphoid na biyu, ko na gefe, wanda ya haɗa da musamman maƙura da ƙwayoyin lymph.

Kamar sauran leukocytes, lymphocytes an haɗa su a cikin kasusuwa. Daga nan za su yi ƙaura zuwa wasu gabobin lymphoid don ci gaba da balaga. Bambanci na T lymphocytes yana faruwa a cikin thymus yayin balaga na lymphocytes B yana faruwa a cikin gabobin lymphoid na biyu.

Wuri da zagayawar lymphocytes

Kamar sel jini (sel jini) da thrombocytes (platelets), lymphocytes na iya yawo a cikin jini. Kamar dukkan leukocytes, su ma suna da fifikon samun damar yawo a cikin tsotse. Lymphocytes kuma suna nan a matakin gabobin lymphoid na farko da na sakandare.

Lymphocytes sune sel fararen jini waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rigakafi da tsarin. A cikin jiki, kowane nau'in lymphocyte yana yin takamaiman aiki don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Matsayin NK lymphocytes a cikin amsawar rigakafi ta asali

NK lymphocytes, ko sel NK, suna da hannu a cikin amsawar rigakafi na asali, wanda shine farkon amsawar jiki don kai farmaki da ƙwayoyin cuta. Amsar rigakafi ta asali tana nan da nan kuma ta ƙunshi lymphocytes NK, waɗanda rawar su shine lalata sel masu lalacewa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.

Matsayin B da T lymphocytes a cikin amsawar rigakafi na daidaitawa

B da T lymphocytes suna shiga cikin amsawar rigakafi na daidaitawa. Ba kamar amsawar rigakafi na asali ba, wannan kashi na biyu na amsawar rigakafi ana kiransa takamaiman. Dangane da ganewa da haddace ƙwayoyin cuta, amsar rigakafin da ta dace ta ƙunshi leukocytes da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Kwayoyin B da ke samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, sunadarai masu rikitarwa tare da ikon ganewa da kuma ware ƙwayoyin cuta musamman;
• T sel waɗanda ke ganewa da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta ta wata hanya ta musamman.

Hadarin cututtukan cututtukan da ba su dace ba

Cututtuka na Autoimmune yana haifar da rashin aiki na sel B. A cikin cututtukan autoimmune, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke kai hari ga sel a cikin jiki.

Akwai cututtukan autoimmune daban -daban kamar:

• rheumatoid amosanin gabbai ;
• Multi sclerosis ;
• rubuta 1 ciwon sukari.

Lamarin Cutar Kwayar cuta ta Dan Adam (HIV)

Wanda ke da alhakin kamuwa da cutar rashin ƙarfi (AIDS), HIV cuta ce da ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki, musamman T lymphocytes. Ƙarshen ba zai iya sake taka rawar tsaron su ba, wanda ke fallasa jiki daga dama cututtuka sakamakon wanda zai iya zama mai tsanani.

Ciwon daji da ke shafar lymphocytes

Lymphocytes na iya shafar cututtukan daji daban -daban, musamman lokacin:

• linzoma, ciwon daji na tsarin lymphatic;
• a cutar sankarar bargo, ciwon daji da ke shafar sel a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa;
• da myeloma, ciwon daji na jini;
• Cutar Waldenström, takamaiman ciwon daji na jini wanda ke shafar lymphocytes B.

Maganin rigakafin

Musamman, yana yiwuwa a hana kamuwa da cutar HIV, wanda ke da mummunan sakamako ga lymphocytes. Rigakafin cutar kanjamau yana farawa tare da isasshen kariya yayin saduwa.

Magungunan likita

Magungunan likita ya danganta da rashin lafiyar da aka gano. Misali, a yayin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau, ana ba da magungunan rigakafin cutar kanjamau. Idan an gano ƙwayar cuta, ana iya yin zaman jiyyar cutar sankara ko tiyata.

Shiga ciki

A lokuta mafi tsanani, tiyata na iya zama dole. A cikin cutar sankarar bargo, ana iya aiwatar da dashen kasusuwa musamman.

Haemogram

Ƙididdigar jini yana ba da damar aiwatar da ƙima da ƙima na abubuwan da ke cikin jini, gami da lymphocytes.

Yayin gwajin jini, ana ɗaukar matakin lymphocyte na al'ada idan yana tsakanin 1,5 zuwa 4 g / L.

Fassara sakamakon gwajin jini na iya gano iri biyu na rashin lafiyar lymphocyte:

• low lymphocyte ƙidaya, lokacin da bai wuce 1 g / L ba, wanda shine alamar lymphopenia;
• high lymphocyte ƙidaya, lokacin da ya fi 5 g / L, wanda shine alamar lymphocytosis, wanda kuma ake kira hyperlymphocytosis.

Myelogram

Myelogram shine yin nazarin aikin bargon kashi. Yana auna samar da fararen sel jini ciki har da lymphocytes.

Binciken fitsari na fitsari (ECBU)

Wannan gwajin yana tantance kasancewar farin jini a cikin fitsari. Babban matakin farin jinin sel shine alamar yanayin.

Asalin rukunin lymphocyte B

Akwai fassarori da yawa don harafin "B". Wasu sun gaskata cewa wannan suna za a danganta shi da ɓarɓashin kashi, inda ake samar da ƙwayoyin lymphocytes B. A cikin Ingilishi, ana kiran kasusuwan kasusuwa "Bone marrow". Bayani na biyu, wanda da alama ya fi gaskiya, zai kasance yana da alaƙa da bursa na Fabricius, gabobin ƙwayoyin lymphoid da ke cikin tsuntsaye. A matakin wannan gabobin ne aka gano lymphocytes B.

Asalin ajin T cell

Asalin harafin “T” yana da sauƙi. Yana nufin thymus, gabobin lymphoid na farko inda balagar T lymphocyte ke faruwa.

Asalin ajin NK lymphocyte

Haruffa "NK" sune farkon farkon Ingilishi don "Kisan Halitta". Wannan yana nufin aikin tsaka tsaki na lymphocytes NK.