Huhu (daga Latin pulmo, -onis) su ne tsarin tsarin numfashi, wanda ke cikin kejin hakarkarin.

Matsayi. Biyu cikin adadi, huhu suna cikin thorax, musamman a cikin kejin thoracic inda suka mamaye mafi yawansa. Huhu biyu, dama da hagu, an raba su da mediastinum, wanda ke tsakiyar kuma ya ƙunshi musamman na zuciya (1) (2).

Pleural cavity. Kowane huhu yana kewaye da rami na pleural (3), wanda ke samuwa daga membranes guda biyu:

• wani Layer na ciki, a lamba tare da huhu, wanda ake kira pulmonary pleura;
• wani waje Layer, a lamba tare da kirji bango, da ake kira parietal pleura.

Wannan rami ya ƙunshi wani ruwa mai ƙarfi, transudate, yana barin huhu ya zame. Saitin kuma yana taimakawa wajen kula da huhu da hana shi yin sagging.

Gabaɗaya tsarin huhu. Huhun dama da na hagu suna haɗe da buroshi da trachea.

• Trachea. Wutar numfashi, bututun numfashi da ke fitowa daga makogwaro, ta ratsa tsakanin huhun biyu a kan sassansu na sama kuma ta rabu zuwa biyu na dama da hagu.
• Bronchi Ana saka kowace bronchus a matakin huhu. A cikin huhu, buroshi suna rarraba don samar da ƙanana da ƙanana sifofi har zuwa ƙarshen mashako.

Siffar Pyramidal, huhu suna da fuskoki da yawa:

• Fuskar waje, mai jujjuyawa zuwa gasasshen farashi;
• Fuskar ciki, inda aka shigar da bronchi kuma jinin jini ya zagaya;
• Tushe, yana hutawa akan diaphragm.

Hakanan huhu yana da lobes, waɗanda ke raba su da fissures: biyu na huhu na hagu da uku don huhu na dama (2).

Tsarin lobe. Kowane lobe an yi shi kuma yana aiki kamar ƙaramin huhu. Suna dauke da rassan bronchi da kuma arteries na huhu da veins. Ƙarshen bronchi, wanda ake kira m bronchioles, ya zama jaka: acinus. Na karshen yana kunshe da hakora da yawa: alveoli na huhu. Acinus yana da katanga mai bakin ciki sosai a cikin hulɗa da iskar da ke fitowa daga mashako da kuma hanyar sadarwa da tasoshin capillary na huhu (2).

Biyu vascularization. Huhu suna karɓar jijiyar jini sau biyu:

• wani aikin vascularization wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa na arteries da veins na huhu, yana ba da damar oxygenate jini;
• wani nau'in abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi arteries da veins na bronchial, yana ba da damar samar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci don aikin da ya dace na huhu (2).

Huhu na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen numfashi da oxygenating jini.

Pneumothorax. Wannan Pathology yayi dace da wani mahaukacin shigar iska zuwa cikin kogon pleural, da sarari tsakanin huhu da kuma haƙarƙari keji. Yana bayyana azaman ciwon ƙirji mai tsanani, wani lokaci yana hade da wahalar numfashi (3).

ciwon huhu. Wannan yanayin kamuwa da cuta ne na numfashi kai tsaye wanda ke shafar huhu. Alveoli yana shafa kuma ya cika da maƙarƙashiya da ruwa, yana haifar da matsalolin numfashi. Kamuwa da cuta na iya zama musamman ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungi (4).

TB. Wannan cuta tana daidai da kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta sau da yawa ana samu a cikin huhu. Alamun su ne tari mai tsanani tare da zubar da jini, zazzabi mai tsanani tare da gumin dare, da raguwar nauyi (5).

Ciwon mashako. Wannan Pathology ne saboda kamuwa da cuta, sau da yawa hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, a cikin bronchi. Sau da yawa a cikin hunturu, yana haifar da tari da zazzabi.

Ciwon daji na huhu. Kwayoyin ciwon daji na ciwon daji na iya tasowa a cikin huhu da bronchi. Wannan nau'in ciwon daji yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan lokuta a duniya (6).

Kiwon lafiya. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya ba da magani daban-daban kamar maganin rigakafi ko analgesics.

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, tiyata na iya zama dole.

Nazarin jiki. Ana yin nazarin numfashi, numfashi, huhu da alamun bayyanar da mai haƙuri ya gane don tantance ilimin cututtuka.

Gwajin hoton likita. Radiology na huhu, CT kirji, MRI ko scintigraphy na huhu za a iya yi don tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Binciken likita. Don gano wasu cututtukan cututtuka, ana iya yin gwajin jini ko nazarin abubuwan ɓoye na huhu, kamar gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta na sputum (ECBC).

Gano cutar tarin fuka. Tarin fuka wata cuta ce da aka sani tun zamanin da kuma Hippocrates ya bayyana shi musamman. Duk da haka, ba a gano kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin wannan cuta ba har zuwa 1882 ta likitan Jamus Robert Koch. Ya bayyana kwayoyin cuta, kuma musamman kwayar cutar bacillus tubercle, wanda ake kira Koch's bacillus ko Mycobacterium tarin fuka (5).