Katran: bayanin tare da hoto, inda aka samo shi, yana da haɗari ga mutane

Ana kuma kiran Katran kare teku (Sgualus acanthias), amma an fi saninsa da sunan "katran". Shark yana wakiltar dangin "katranovye" da kuma "katranovye" detachment, wanda wani bangare ne na jinsin sharks na spiny. Wurin zama na iyali yana da faɗi sosai, tun da yake ana samunsa a cikin ruwan zafi na dukan tekunan duniya. A lokaci guda, zurfin mazaunin yana da ban sha'awa sosai, kimanin mita dubu daya da rabi. Mutane suna girma a tsayi har zuwa kusan mita 2.

Shark kwalta: bayanin

An yi imanin cewa katran shark yana wakiltar mafi yawan nau'in kifin da aka sani zuwa yau. Shark, dangane da yanayin wurin zama, yana da sunaye da yawa. Misali:

• Katran talakawa.
• Shark na spiny na kowa.
• Spiny short shark.
• Shark mai kaɗe-kaɗe.
• Sand katran.
• South katran.
• Marigold.

Katran shark wani abu ne na wasanni da kamun kifi na kasuwanci, saboda namansa ba shi da takamaiman ƙamshin ammonia da ke cikin sauran nau'ikan kifin.

Appearance

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in shark, sharks na kashin baya suna da mafi kyawun siffar jiki. A cewar masana da yawa, wannan nau'i ya fi kamala idan aka kwatanta da siffofin sauran manyan kifi. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin wannan kifin ya kai girman kusan mita 1,8, kodayake matsakaicin girman kifin shark ya ɗan fi mita kaɗan. A lokaci guda kuma, maza suna da ƙananan girma idan aka kwatanta da mata. Domin jigon jiki shine guringuntsi ba kashi ba, yana da nauyi sosai, ba tare da la’akari da shekaru ba.

Shark na katran yana da jiki mai tsayi da siriri, wanda ke ba da damar mafarauta don motsawa cikin sauƙi da sauri a cikin ginshiƙi na ruwa. Kasancewar wutsiya tare da lobes daban-daban yana ba shark damar aiwatar da motsi daban-daban na sauri. A jikin shark, zaku iya ganin ƙananan ma'auni na placoid. Fuskokin baya da na gefen mafarauci suna da launin toka mai launin toka, yayin da waɗannan sassan jiki sukan sami ƴan ɗigon farare.

Muzzle shark yana da siffa mai siffa, kuma nisa daga farkonsa zuwa baki ya kai ninki 1,3 na bakin da kansa. Idanun suna cikin nisa ɗaya daga tsagewar ƙugiya ta farko, kuma an ɗan karkatar da hancin zuwa saman hancin. Hakora suna da tsayi iri ɗaya kuma an shirya su a cikin layuka da yawa akan muƙamuƙi na sama da na ƙasa. Haƙoran suna da kaifi sosai, wanda ke ba da damar shark don niƙa abinci cikin ƙananan guda.

Ana siffanta ƙofofin ƙoƙon ta hanyar da za a fi samun kaifi masu kaifi a gindin su. A lokaci guda, girman kashin baya na farko bai dace da girman fins ba kuma ya fi guntu sosai, amma kashin baya na biyu kusan kusan tsayi ne, amma kawai na ƙwanƙwasa na biyu, wanda ya ɗan ƙarami.

Abin sha'awa don sani! A cikin yankin uXNUMXbuXNUMXb shugaban katran shark, kusan sama da idanu, ana iya ganin gajerun hanyoyin da ake kira lobes.

Shark ba shi da ƙoƙon tsuliya, kuma ɓangarorin ɓangarorin suna da ban sha'awa cikin girma, tare da ɗan gefuna. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashin ƙugu suna samuwa a gindin, wanda aka tsara ta wurin wurin ƙwanƙwasa na biyu.

Rayuwa, hali

Shark na katran yana zagayawa cikin manyan wuraren ruwa na tekuna da tekuna godiya ga layin gefensa. Tana iya jin ƙaramar girgizar da ke yaduwa a cikin ginshiƙin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, shark yana da ingantaccen yanayin ƙamshi. Wannan sashin yana samuwa ta hanyar ramuka na musamman waɗanda ke haɗa kai tsaye zuwa yankin makogwaro na kifi.

Shark katran yana jin yuwuwar ganimarsa a nesa mai nisa. Saboda kyawawan halaye na aerodynamic na jikinsa, mafarauci zai iya kama duk wani mazaunin karkashin ruwa wanda aka haɗa a cikin abinci. Dangane da mutane, wannan nau'in sharks ba ya haifar da wani haɗari.

Har yaushe katran yake rayuwa

A sakamakon lura da masana kimiyya, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa katran shark iya rayuwa a kalla shekaru 25.

Dimorphism na jima'i

Yana yiwuwa a bambanta mace daga maza, sai dai girman. Saboda haka, za mu iya a amince cewa jima'i dimorphism a cikin wannan nau'in ba shi da kyau bayyana. A matsayinka na mai mulki, maza suna ko da yaushe karami fiye da mata. Idan mata sun iya girma har zuwa mita daya da rabi, to girman mazan bai wuce mita daya ba. Yana yiwuwa a bambanta katran shark daga sauran nau'ikan kifayen ta hanyar rashi fin tsuliya, ba tare da la'akari da jinsin mutane ba.

Range, wuraren zama

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mazaunin wannan mafarauci yana da faɗi sosai, don haka ana iya samunsa a ko'ina cikin teku. Ana samun wannan ƙananan nau'in kifin sharks a bakin tekun Japan, Ostiraliya, a cikin tsibirin Canary, a cikin yankunan ruwa na Argentina da Greenland, da kuma Iceland, duka a cikin Tekun Pacific da Indiya.

Wadannan mafarauta sun fi son su zauna a cikin ruwan zafi, saboda haka, a cikin ruwan sanyi da kuma cikin ruwan dumi, ba a samun wadannan maharbi. A lokaci guda, katran shark yana da ikon yin ƙaura mai tsayi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Katran shark ko karen teku yana bayyana kusa da saman ruwa kawai da dare kuma kawai a cikin yanayi lokacin da zafin ruwa ya kai kimanin digiri +15.

Wannan nau'in kifin sharks yana jin daɗi a cikin ruwan Black, Okhotsk da Bering Seas. Mahara sun gwammace su tsaya kusa da bakin tekun, amma idan suna farauta za su iya yin iyo cikin ruwa mai nisa. Mahimmanci, suna cikin gindin ruwa, suna nutsewa zuwa zurfin zurfi.

Diet

Tun da katran shark kifi ne na kifaye, kifaye daban-daban, da kuma crustaceans, sune tushen abincinsa. Sau da yawa shark yana cin abinci akan cephalopods, da kuma tsutsotsi daban-daban waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasan ƙasa.

Akwai lokuta lokacin da shark kawai ya haɗiye jellyfish kuma yana cin ciyawa. Suna iya bin garken kifayen kifaye a nesa mai nisa, musamman dangane da gabar tekun Atlantika ta Amurka, da kuma gabar tekun gabashin Tekun Japan.

Yana da muhimmanci a sani! Yawan kifin kifin na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga kamun kifi. Manya suna lalata tarun, kuma suna cin kifin da ya fada cikin tarun ko a ƙugiya.

A lokacin sanyi, yara, da manya, suna saukowa zuwa zurfin mita 200, suna samar da garkuna masu yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a irin wannan zurfin akwai tsarin tsarin zafin jiki akai-akai da abinci mai yawa, a cikin nau'i na mackerel na doki da anchovy. Lokacin da dumi ko zafi a waje, katrans na iya farautar farauta a cikin dukan garken.

Haihuwa da zuriya

Katran shark, idan aka kwatanta da yawancin kifin kasusuwa, kifi ne mai viviparous, don haka hadi yana faruwa a cikin kifin. Bayan wasanni na mating, wanda ke faruwa a zurfin kimanin mita 40, ƙwai masu tasowa suna bayyana a cikin jikin mata, wanda ke cikin capsules na musamman. Kowane capsule zai iya ƙunsar daga qwai 3 zuwa 15, tare da matsakaicin diamita har zuwa mm 40.

Tsarin ɗaukar zuriya yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, don haka ciki na iya ɗaukar watanni 18 zuwa 22. Kafin haihuwar soya, shark ya zaɓi wuri mai dacewa, ba da nisa daga bakin teku ba. Matar ta haifi 6 zuwa 29 soya, har zuwa 25 cm tsayi a matsakaici. Matasa sharks suna da murfin cartilaginous na musamman akan kashin baya, don haka lokacin haihuwa ba sa cutar da mace. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, waɗannan kumfa suna ɓacewa da kansu.

Bayan haihuwa ta gaba, sabbin ƙwai suna fara girma a cikin ovaries na mace.

A cikin ruwan sanyi, ana haihuwar katran sharks a wani wuri a tsakiyar bazara; a cikin ruwan Tekun Japan, wannan tsari yana faruwa a ƙarshen Agusta. Bayan an haife shi, toya shark na ɗan lokaci har yanzu yana ciyar da abubuwan da ke cikin jakar gwaiduwa, wanda babban kayan abinci ya tattara.

Yana da muhimmanci a sani! Matasa sharks suna da hazaka sosai, saboda suna buƙatar isasshen kuzari don numfashi. Dangane da wannan, ƙananan katrans suna haɗiye abinci kusan koyaushe.

Bayan an haife shi, kifin shark ya fara yin rayuwa mai zaman kanta kuma ya sami abincin nasu. Bayan shekaru goma sha ɗaya na rayuwa, maza na katran sun zama masu jima'i lokacin da tsawon jikinsu ya kai kimanin 80 cm. Amma ga mata, suna iya hayayyafa bayan shekara ɗaya da rabi, lokacin da suka kai tsayin kusan mita 1.

sharks na halitta makiya

Ana bambanta kowane nau'in kifaye ta hanyar kasancewar hankali, iko na asali da dabarun mafarauta. Duk da irin wannan gaskiyar, katran shark yana da abokan gaba na halitta, mafi karfi da kuma maƙarƙashiya. Daya daga cikin maharban da ake firgita da su da ke zaune a cikin tekunan duniya shi ne killer Whale. Mummunan tasiri a kan adadin wannan shark mutum ne ke yin shi, da kuma kifin bushiya. Wannan kifi da ya fada cikin bakin kifin shark ya tsaya a makogwaronsa kuma ana rike shi da taimakon allurarsa. A sakamakon haka, wannan yana haifar da yunwar wannan mafarauci.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin nau'in

Shark katran shine wakilin duniyar karkashin ruwa, wanda ba a yi barazanar wani abu ba a kwanakin nan. Kuma wannan, duk da cewa shark yana da sha'awar kasuwanci. A cikin hantar shark, masana kimiyya sun gano wani abu da zai iya ceton mutum daga wasu nau'o'in ciwon daji.

Abubuwa masu amfani

Nama, hanta da guringuntsi na shark katran sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa waɗanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan aikin gabobin ciki na mutum. Ya kamata a tuna cewa waɗannan sassan ba maganin rigakafi ba ne.

A cikin nama da hanta, akwai isasshen adadin Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan aiki na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Omega-3 fatty acids yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya, rage haɗarin matakai daban-daban na kumburi, ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, da dai sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, naman ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu alama, da kuma dukan hadaddun bitamin da amino acid, ciki har da sauƙin narkewa sunadaran.

Kitsen hanta na katrans yana da adadi mai yawa na bitamin "A" da "D". Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu a cikin hanta shark fiye da a cikin hantar cod. Kasancewar alkylglycerides yana ba da gudummawa ga tsarin rigakafi na jiki, yana ƙaruwa da juriya ga cututtuka da cututtukan fungal. A karo na farko, squalene ya keɓe daga hanta shark, wanda ke shiga cikin tsarin tafiyar matakai na jiki kuma yana inganta rushewar cholesterol. Naman cartilaginous na katran shark ya ƙunshi babban taro na collagen da sauran abubuwa masu yawa. Shirye-shiryen da aka yi a kan kyallen takarda na cartilaginous suna taimakawa wajen yaki da cututtuka na gidajen abinci, amosanin gabbai, osteochondrosis, da kuma don rigakafin bayyanar cututtuka na neoplasms.

Baya ga fa'ida, katran shark, ko naman sa, na iya cutar da mutum. Na farko, idan mutum ya yi rashin haquri, ba a ba da shawarar cin naman wannan kifin ba, na biyu kuma, wanda ya saba da naman da suka daɗe a cikin ruwa, naman yana ɗauke da mercury, wanda ke iyakance cin nama ga nau'ikan mutane kamar haka. mata masu ciki da masu shayarwa, ƙananan yara , tsofaffi, da kuma raunana mutane a sakamakon rashin lafiya mai tsanani.

a ƙarshe

Ganin cewa shark babban mafarauci ne mai ƙarfi kuma babba, ƙungiyoyi mara kyau suna tasowa yayin ambaton su kuma mutum yana tunanin babban baki, a zahiri dige da hakora masu kaifi waɗanda ke shirye su tsaga kowane ganima. Shi kuwa kifin katran, mafarauci ne wanda bai taba kaiwa mutum hari ba, ma’ana ba ya haifar masa da wani hadari. A lokaci guda kuma, abu ne mai mahimmanci na abinci, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da wasu, irin mafarauta ba.

Abin sha'awa shine cewa duk sassan jiki suna samun amfani. An rufe fatar shark da ma'auni mai kaifi, don haka ana amfani da shi don goge kayan itace. Idan ana sarrafa fata ta amfani da fasaha na musamman, to, yana samun nau'in nau'in shahararren shagreen, bayan haka ana yin samfurori daban-daban daga gare ta. Ana siffanta naman Katran a matsayin mai daɗi saboda ba ya warin ammonia idan an dafa shi da kyau. Don haka, ana iya soyayyen nama, dafaffe, gasa, yayyafawa, shan taba, da sauransu. Yawancin gourmets sun fi son miya na shark. Hakanan ana amfani da ƙwai na Shark, waɗanda suke da gwaiduwa fiye da kwai kaza. Kuna iya siyan naman shark a cikin gwangwani, daskararre ko sabo.