IVF: sabuntawa akan wannan hanyar taimakawa haifuwa

La hadi a cikin fitsari Robert Edwards, masanin ilimin halittu na Burtaniya ne ya haɓaka, wanda ya haifar da haihuwar farkon gwajin tube baby a 1978 a Ingila (Louise) da a 1982 a Faransa (Amandine). A cewar wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Alkaluma ta Ƙasa, da aka buga a watan Yuni 2011, daga cikin ma'aurata 100 da suka fara jiyya ta hanyar hadi in vitro a cibiyar ART (haihuwa ta hanyar likita), 41 za su haifi yaro godiya ga IVF magani. a cikin matsakaita na shekaru biyar. Tun daga Yuli 2021, waɗannan dabarun haihuwa kuma ana samun su a Faransa ga mata marasa aure da ma'aurata.

Menene ka'idar in vitro hadi (IVF)?

IVF wata fasaha ce ta likitanci wacce ta ƙunshi haifar da hadi a waje da jikin ɗan adam lokacin da ba ta yarda da shi a zahiri ba.

• Mataki na farko: mu yana motsa ovaries na mace ta hanyar maganin hormonal domin a sa'an nan samun damar tattara da dama cikakke oocytes don hadi. A wannan kashi na farko, gwajin jini na hormonal ana gudanar da su kowace rana kuma na duban dan tayi ya kamata a yi domin lura da martani ga magani.
• Da zarar adadin da girman follicle ya isa, a allura d'hormone an gama.
• Sa'o'i 34 zuwa 36 bayan wannan allurar, ana tattara ƙwayoyin jima'i ta hanyar huda a cikin mata, da maniyyi ta hanyar al'aura a cikin maza. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da maniyyi daskararre a baya na matar aure ko na mai bayarwa. Ga mata, ana tattara oocytes 5 zuwa 10 ana adana su a cikin incubator.
• Mataki na hudu: haduwar kwai da maniyyi, wato “ Vitro », Wato a cikin bututun gwaji. Manufar ita ce cimma hadi don samun amfrayo.
• Wadannan embryos guda daya (lambar su yana canzawa) za'a canza su zuwa kogin mahaifar mace. kwana biyu zuwa shida bayan shiryawa. 

Don haka wannan hanyar tana da tsayi kuma tana da wahala - musamman ga jiki da lafiyar mace - kuma tana buƙatar takamaiman taimako na likita har ma da tunani.

IVF: nawa ne kashi na nasara?

Yawan nasarar IVF ya bambanta sosai dangane da lafiyar mutanen da abin ya shafa, shekarun su, da adadin IVFs da suka rigaya sun samu. A matsakaici, a cikin kowane zagaye na IVF, mace tana da damar 25,6%. yin ciki. Wannan adadi ya haura zuwa kusan 60% akan ƙoƙari na huɗu a IVF. Waɗannan ƙimar sun ragu ƙasa da 10% daga shekara ta arba'in na mace.

Menene hanyoyin IVF?

Farashin ICSI

A yau, 63% na hadi na in vitro ne ICSI (allurar intracytoplasmic). An samo su daga IVF, an nuna su musamman a cikin matsalolin rashin haihuwa na maza. Ana tattara maniyyi kai tsaye daga al'aurar namiji. Daga nan sai mu zuba maniyyi a cikin kwan domin tabbatar da taki. Ana kuma bayar da wannan maganin ga mazan da ke fama da wata babbar cuta da za a iya yadawa ga matansu ko kuma ga jaririn da ke ciki, da ma'aurata da rashin haihuwa ba tare da dalili ba bayan gazawar wasu fasahohin ART. Idan IVF ta ICSI ita ce aka fi amfani da ita, ba ita ce kawai hanyar da ake amfani da ita a yau a Faransa ba. 

IVF tare da IMSI

THEallurar intracytoplasmic na morphologically zaba spermatozoa (IMSI) wata hanya ce inda zaɓin maniyyi ya fi daidai fiye da na ICSI. Ana ninka girman girman ƙananan ƙananan ta hanyar 6000, har ma da 10 000. Ana yin wannan fasaha musamman a Faransa da Belgium.

In vitro maturation (IVM)

Yayin da ake tattara oocytes a matakin balagagge don al'ada a cikin in vitro hadi, ana tattara su a wani mataki mara girma a lokacin IVF tare da in vitro maturation (IVF). Ƙarshen maturation saboda haka masanin ilimin halitta ne ke aiwatar da shi. A Faransa, an haifi jariri na farko da MIV ta haifa a shekara ta 2003.

Wanene yake samun takin in vitro?

Bayan da Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ta amince da dokar bioethics a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2021, ma'auratan maza da mata amma ma'aurata mata da mata marasa aure za su iya murmurewa don samun taimakon likita, don haka hadi a cikin vitro. Wadanda abin ya shafa dole ne su yi gwajin lafiya da kuma yarda a rubuce zuwa ga yarjejeniya.

Menene farashin IVF a Faransa?

Inshorar lafiya tana rufe 100% yunkurin hudu hadi a cikin vitro, tare da ko ba tare da macromanipulation ba, har sai mace ta kai shekaru 42 (watau € 3000 zuwa 4000 ga kowane IVF). 

Yaushe za a fara amfani da takin in vitro?

Ga ma'auratan maza da mata, tambayar IVF sau da yawa takan taso bayan doguwar tafiya mai nisa, shekaru biyu a matsakaici, don ƙoƙarin yin ciki. Don kawar da duk wani dalili na jiki da ke hana hadi (takalma na tubes, mahaifa, da dai sauransu), likitocin mata da likitoci sun shawarci ma'aurata su yi wani abu. tantancewar farko. Wasu dalilai, kamar rashin ingancin maniyyi, ƙarancin samar da maniyyi, rashin daidaituwar kwai, shekarun ma'aurata, da sauransu na iya shiga cikin wasa.

IVF: Shin kuna buƙatar kasancewa tare da raguwa?

A cewar Sylvie Epelboin, likita da ke da alhakin cibiyar IVF ta Bichat Claude Bernard a Paris, " akwai tashin hankali na gaske a cikin sanarwar rashin haihuwa, wanda galibi ana ganin kalamansa a matsayin wulakanci “. A cikin wannan mawuyacin hali, wanda aka yi masa alama ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen likita kuma wani lokaci ya kasa kasa, shi ne mahimmancin magana. Tuntuɓar ƙwararrun ƙwararru yana ba ku damar guje wa matsin lamba daga waɗanda ke kewaye da ku, don keɓe kanku cikin wahala da gudanar da rayuwar ku ta yau da kullun (hankali, rayuwar jima'i, da sauransu). Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don bambanta abubuwan sha'awar ku, yin nishaɗi tare da ayyuka azaman ma'aurata da abokai, da kada a mayar da hankali kan sha'awar yaro kawai. Rayuwar jima'i na iya zama tushen damuwa saboda tana iya zama kawai ta haihu.

Inda zan je don amfana daga IVF?

Lokacin fuskantar rashin haihuwa, ma'aurata za su iya juya zuwa ɗaya daga cikin 100 cibiyoyin d'AMP (taimakawa tare da haifuwa na likita) daga Faransa. Akwai buƙatun 20 zuwa 000 a kowace shekara, amma wannan na iya ƙaruwa tare da faɗaɗa damar yin amfani da wannan hanyar da sabbin hanyoyin ba da suna don ba da gudummawar gamete.

Me yasa IVF baya aiki?

A matsakaita, gazawar IVF na faruwa ne saboda ko dai rashin oocytes a lokacin huda ovarian, ko kuma rashin ingancin su, ko kuma ga rashin isa ko kuma mahimmancin martani na ovaries a lokacin motsa jiki na hormonal. Yawancin lokaci kuna jira Watanni 6 tsakanin ƙoƙari biyu da IVF. Wannan tsari na iya zama mai laifi sosai a kowace rana ga mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar jaririn da ba a haifa ba kuma saboda wannan dalili ne aka ba da shawarar goyon baya a duk matakan: likita, tunani da na sirri. Lallai kuma za a sami bukatuwar hutu bayan kowace jarrabawa don haka ya zama dole a san da hakan a matakin kwararru.