Hyperthyroidism
THEhyperthyroidism yana nuna rashin daidaituwar yawan samar da kayayyakihormones ta hanyar gland thyroid, wannan gaɓa mai siffar malam buɗe ido dake gindin wuya, ƙarƙashin tuffar Adamu (duba zane). Ba a kumburi thyroid, kamar yadda wani lokacin imani.
Yawanci yana farawa ne daga manya masu shekaru 20 zuwa 40. Amma, tana iya faruwa a kowane zamani, kuma ana ganinta a yara da tsofaffi. Yana da ƙasa da na kowa fiye da hypothyroidism.
Tasirin gland thyroid akan jiki babba ne: babban aikinsa shine daidaita tsarin tafiyar da kwayoyin jikinmu. Saboda haka yana ƙayyade saurin "injin" na sel da gabobin mu da kuma adadin da za a yi amfani da "man fetur": lipids (fat), sunadarai da carbohydrates (sukari). A cikin mutane hyperthyroidism, injin yana aiki a cikin hanzarin yanayi. Suna iya jin tsoro, yin motsin hanji akai-akai, girgiza da rage kiba, misali.
Mahimmancin metabolism A lokacin hutawa, jiki yana cinye makamashi don kiyaye muhimman ayyukansa: zagayawa na jini, aikin kwakwalwa, numfashi, narkewa, kula da zafin jiki, da dai sauransu. Wannan ana kiransa basal metabolism, wanda wani bangare ke sarrafawa ta hanyar hormones thyroid. Adadin kuzarin da aka kashe ya bambanta daga mutum ɗaya zuwa wani, ya danganta da girman, nauyi, shekaru, jima'i da ayyukan mutum. thyroid gland shine yake. |
Sanadin
Babban sanadin
- Cutar kaburbura (ko da kabari). Ya zuwa yanzu shine mafi yawan sanadin hyperthyroidism (kusan kashi 90% na lokuta7). Wannan cuta ce ta autoimmune: ƙwayoyin rigakafi kan haɓaka thyroid don samar da ƙarin hormones. Har ila yau cutar a wasu lokuta tana kai hari ga wasu kyallen takarda, kamar idanu. Wannan cuta tana shafar kusan kashi 1% na al'ummar Kanada7.
- Thyroid nodules. Nodules ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda ke samuwa a cikin glandar thyroid, kadai ko a rukuni (duba takardar mu na nodule na Thyroid). Ba duk nodules ke samar da hormones ba, amma waɗanda suke yin (wanda ake kira "mai guba") na iya haifar da hyperthyroidism.
- thyroiditis. Idan kumburi ya shafi thyroid, zai iya haifar da wuce haddi na thyroid hormones a cikin jini. Sau da yawa, ba a san dalilin kumburi ba. Yana iya zama kamuwa da cuta a yanayi ko faruwa bayan ciki. Yawancin lokaci, thyroiditis yana haifar da hyperthyroidism na ɗan gajeren lokaci, tare da thyroid ya dawo aiki na yau da kullum bayan 'yan watanni, ba tare da tsoma baki ba. Magunguna na iya taimakawa wajen rage alamun bayyanar cututtuka yayin da kuke jira cutar ta wuce. Thyroiditis yana ci gaba zuwa hypothyroidism dindindin a kusan 1 cikin 10 lokuta.
Note. wasu magunguna, kamar masu arziki a ciki Iodine, zai iya haifar da hyperthyroidism na wucin gadi. Wannan shi ne yanayin, misali, tare da amiodarone, wanda aka wajabta a wasu lokuta na arrhythmia na zuciya, da kuma iodinated bambancin jami'ai a wasu lokuta allura a yayin gwajin rediyo.
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
Thehyperthyroidism yana haifar da a accelerated metabolism, don haka an ƙara yawan kuɗin makamashi. A cikin dogon lokaci, hyperthyroidism ba tare da magani ba yana ƙara haɗarin haɓaka osteoporosis saboda shayar da calcium daga ƙasusuwa yana shafar. Hadarin tasowa irin nau'in ciwon zuciya da ake kira atrial fibrillation kuma yana ƙaruwa.
Babban hyperthyroidism ba tare da magani ba zai iya haifar da rikicin thyreotoxic. A lokacin irin wannan harin, duk alamun hyperthyroidism suna haɗuwa kuma an bayyana su a kololuwar su, wanda zai iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani, irin su ciwon zuciya ko ciwon ciki. Mutumin ya rikice kuma ya tashi. Wannan yanayin yana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa ta likita.
bincike
The bayyanar cututtuka hyperthyroidism na iya zama da hankali, musamman a cikin tsofaffi. Ke kadai nazarin jini (duba akwatin da ke ƙasa) yana nuna duka raguwa a cikin matakan hormone TSH da karuwa a cikin matakan hormone thyroid (T4 da T3) zasu tabbatar da ganewar asali. Farkon alamun da aka lissafa a ƙasa yakamata ya sa ku nemi kulawar likita don samun tabbataccen ganewar asali.
TSH, thyroid hormones T3 da T4 da kuma Co Manyan guda 2 hormones boye ta thyroid T3 (triiodothyronine) da T4 (tetra-iodothyronine ko thyroxine). Dukansu sun haɗa da kalmar "iodo" sabodaIodine yana da mahimmanci don samar da su. Yawan adadin hormones da aka samar ya dogara da wasu gland. Yana da hypothalamus wanda ke sarrafa glandan pituitary don samar da hormone TSH (don thyroid stimulating hormone). Hakanan, hormone TSH yana ƙarfafa thyroid don samar da hormones. Kuna iya gano aikin thyroid wanda ba shi da aiki ko wuce gona da iri ta hanyar auna matakin TSH a cikin jini. Idan kuwa'hypothyroidism, Matsayin TSH yana da girma saboda glandon pituitary yana amsawa ga rashin hormones na thyroid (T4 da T3) ta hanyar ɓoye ƙarin TSH. Ta wannan hanyar, glandon pituitary yana ƙoƙari ya motsa thyroid don samar da ƙarin hormones. A halin da ake cikihyperthyroidism (lokacin da hormone thyroid yayi yawa) baya faruwa: matakin TSH yayi ƙasa saboda glandan pituitary yana fahimtar yawan adadin hormones na thyroid a cikin jini kuma ya daina ƙarfafa glandar thyroid. Ko da a farkon farkon matsalar thyroid, matakan TSH sau da yawa ba su da kyau.
|