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Hangen nesa na daya daga cikin muhimman gabobin dan Adam, don haka rage kaifinsa na iya yin illa ga ingancin rayuwa. Bari mu gano yadda za ku iya inganta idanunku a gida da abin da kuke buƙatar tunawa don kiyaye lafiyar idanunku.
Bayani mai amfani game da hangen nesa
| Diopter | Visuality acuity |
| Sama da +5 | hyperopia mai girma |
| Daga +2 zuwa +5 | matsakaici hyperopia |
| Har zuwa +2 | m hypermetropia |
| 1 | hangen nesa na al'ada |
| Kasa da -3 | myopia mai laushi |
| Daga -3 zuwa -6 | matsakaici myopia |
| Sama da -6 | babban myopia |
Ana nuna hangen nesa na al'ada da lambar "1". Idan hangen nesa ya ɓace, to, mutum na iya samun hypermetropia, wato, hangen nesa, ko myopia - myopia.
Me yasa hangen nesa ke lalacewa
Ganin mutum na iya lalacewa saboda dalilai da dalilai da dama. Wannan ya hada da gado, da ciwon ido (misali, saboda aiki na yau da kullun a kwamfutar), da wasu cututtuka (ciki har da shekaru), da cututtuka daban-daban. Likitoci suna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar likitan ido nan da nan tare da raguwar hangen nesa. Bayan haka, hangen nesa na iya zama sakamakon wata cuta mai haɗari da ba ta da alaƙa da idanu.
Misali, hangen nesa na iya lalacewa sakamakon ciwon sukari.1 (diabetic retinopathy), jijiyoyin bugun gini, endocrine, connective nama da kuma juyayi tsarin cututtuka.
Nau'in cututtukan ido
Cututtukan ido suna da yawa. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, kowane dattijo yana da aƙalla matsalar hangen nesa ɗaya. A duk duniya, mutane biliyan 2,2 suna rayuwa tare da wani nau'i na nakasar gani ko makanta. Daga cikin waɗannan, aƙalla mutane biliyan 1 suna da nakasar gani da za a iya hanawa ko gyara su.2.
Yanayin ido gama gari wanda zai iya haifar da nakasar gani
Ciwon ido
Cataracts yana da alaƙa da gizagizai na ruwan tabarau na ido, wanda zai iya haifar da ɓarna ko ma cikakkiyar makanta. Haɗarin tasowa cataracts yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru, raunuka da cututtukan ido masu kumburi. Ƙungiyar haɗari kuma ta haɗa da mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari da cututtukan zuciya, shan barasa, shan taba.
Wannan lalacewa ne ga tsakiyar ɓangaren retina, wanda ke da alhakin cikakken hangen nesa. Rashin lafiyar yana haifar da tabo masu duhu, inuwa, ko karkatar da hangen nesa na tsakiya. A hadarin ne tsofaffi.
Gajimare na cornea
Mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da gaɓoɓin corneal sune cututtuka masu kumburi da cututtuka na ido (misali, keratitis, trachoma), ciwon ido, rikitarwa bayan tiyata a gabobin jiki, cututtuka na haihuwa da kwayoyin halitta.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma cuta ce mai ci gaba ga jijiyar gani wanda zai iya haifar da makanta na dindindin. Cutar ta fi yawa a tsakanin tsofaffi.
Ciwon sanyin ido
Wannan lahani ne ga tasoshin jini a cikin retina na ido wanda ke faruwa tare da ciwon sukari mellitus. Mafi sau da yawa, cutar tana tasowa tare da dogon lokaci na ciwon sukari kuma, idan ba a kula da shi ba, yana iya haifar da makanta gaba daya.
Abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba
Kurakurai masu ratsawa sune lahani na gani wanda yake da wahala a bayyana hoto daga duniyar waje. Waɗannan su ne nau'in lahani na gani: sun haɗa da hyperopia, myopia da astigmatism.
Trachoma
Wannan cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da ido, wacce ke tare da lalacewa ga cornea da conjunctiva. Trachoma yana halin gizagizai na cornea, rage gani, tabo. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai maimaita shekaru da yawa, ƙwayar ido na ido yana tasowa - gashin ido na iya juya ciki. Cutar tana haifar da makanta.
Hanyoyi 10 Mafi Kyawu Don Inganta Gani Idan Ba Gilashin Gilashin Gida ba
1. Kayayyakin kantin magani
Akwai magunguna daban-daban don inganta hangen nesa, duk da haka, dole ne a yi amfani da su kamar yadda likita ya tsara. A cikin kantin magani, zaku iya samun digo don shakatawa tsokoki na ido, don ƙarfafa retina, da kuma digo mai laushi.
2. Rage ciwon ido
Yayin aiki a kwamfuta, likitocin ido suna ba da shawarar yin ɗan gajeren hutu kowane minti 20-30. Hakanan kuna buƙatar karantawa da rubutawa cikin haske mai kyau - wannan doka ta fara aiki ga yaran makaranta.
3. Cin abinci mai kyau
Rashin wasu abubuwa masu alama a cikin abincin na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar gani.3. Abincin da ke da bitamin A da C, da kuma omega fatty acids, suna tasiri sosai ga hangen nesa. Wadannan sun hada da karas, blueberries, broccoli, salmon greens, qwai, barkono mai dadi, masara, 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, da goro.
4. Motsa jiki don idanu
Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan motsa jiki daban-daban. Wannan shi ne yawan kiftawa, da tausa da fatar ido, da mai da hankali kan abubuwa na kusa da na nesa, da motsin ido da'ira.
– Gymnastics ga idanu yana da amfani da kuma sauran tsokoki na jiki. Lokacin da kuka mai da hankali kan abu na kusa, tsokar da ke cikin ido tana jin tsoro, kuma takan saki jiki lokacin da kuka kalli nesa. Sabili da haka, ga waɗanda ke aiki na dogon lokaci a kusa da kewayon na'urori, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da masana'antar IT, ya zama dole a canza nesa da kusa. Tabbatar duba cikin nisa aƙalla ƴan mintuna a cikin sa'a guda, - in ji Doctor of Medical Sciences, likitan ido-likitan fiɗa, kwararre na tashar TV ta Doctor Tatyana Shilova.
5. Bitamin kari
A wasu lokuta, an wajabta hanyar bitamin B, E, C, A don rigakafi da magance cututtukan ido. Rukunin bitamin na iya samun contraindications, don haka kuna buƙatar karanta umarnin a hankali, ko mafi kyau, tuntuɓi likita.
6. Massage na yankin mahaifa-collar
Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin jini, dawo da yanayin jini na yau da kullun, da fitar ruwa. Massage na yankin cervical-collar kuma ya fi kyau a ba da amana ga ƙwararru.
7. Lafiyayyan barci da aikin yau da kullun
Kyakkyawan hutawa yana taimakawa wajen daidaita samar da kayan abinci ga retina, wanda babu shakka zai inganta hangen nesa kuma yana taimakawa wajen kula da kaifinsa. Masana sun ba da shawarar yin barci 7-9 hours a dare.
8.Kin munanan halaye
Shan taba yana raguwa da metabolism a cikin jiki, don haka abubuwan da ake buƙata don aiwatar da gabobin hangen nesa ba su isa gare su ba. Wannan, bi da bi, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon ido, bushewar ido, matsalolin jijiyar gani, da sauran cututtuka. Fitar da idanu ga hayakin sigari na iya haifar da tawaya ko cikakkiyar asarar gani.
9. Aiki
Muscle spasms a cikin kashin baya da kuma a cikin wuyansa mummunan tasiri ga tsarin juyayi, ciki har da aikin idanu. Ayyukan jiki da kuma tafiya na yau da kullum a cikin iska mai dadi yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa corset na muscular, ƙara yawan jini da kuma isar da abinci mai gina jiki ga tsoka wanda ke daidaita matsayi na ruwan tabarau na ido, wanda ke da alhakin daidaita yanayin hangen nesa.4.
10. Sanya tabarau
Gilashin da aka saka da kyau yana kare idanunku daga wuce gona da iri na ultraviolet wanda zai iya lalata cornea da retina. Gilashin tabarau yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan ido mai tsanani kuma zai kuma taimaka muku kiyaye hangen nesa da kaifi a gida.
Shawarar likitoci don inganta hangen nesa a gida
A cewar Tatyana Shilova, a wasu lokuta, motsa jiki na ido yana taimakawa wajen inganta hangen nesa. Motsa jiki don mai da hankali kan hangen nesa akan abubuwan da ke kusa suna da amfani musamman ga mutanen da ke aiki a kwamfuta kuma galibi suna amfani da na'urori.
Har ila yau, likitan ido-likitan fiɗa ya ba da shawarar a watsar da ruwan tabarau a matsayin hanyar gyara hangen nesa.
– Hanya mafi aminci don gyara ita ce tabarau. Bugu da kari, ruwan tabarau na lamba a cikin dogon lokaci koyaushe yana da haɗari kamuwa da cuta, canje-canjen dystropic da sauran matsaloli. Likitocin ido, musamman likitocin ido-likitoci masu yin gyaran hangen nesa na laser (a yau abin mamaki cikin dakika 25), sun ce sanya ruwan tabarau ba shine mafi kyawun hanyar gyara ba. Saboda haka, masana suna ba wa waɗanda ke amfani da ruwan tabarau na lamba kuma suna so su adana kuɗi don yin gyaran laser, in ji Tatyana Shilova.
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Amsoshi ga mashahuran tambayoyi game da nakasar gani MD, likitan ido-likita Tatiana Shilova da likitan ido a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Turai Natalia Bosha.
Menene ya fi lalata idanunku?
Abu na biyu da ke shafar hangen nesa shine kwayoyin halitta. Idan akwai tsinkayen kwayoyin halitta zuwa myopia, hangen nesa, astigmatism, to zamu wuce ta hanyar gado.
Abu na uku shine cututtuka masu haɗuwa: ciwon sukari, atherosclerosis na jijiyoyin jini, hauhawar jini. Wannan wani abu ne da ya shafi ba kawai gabobin jikinmu ba, har ma da gabobin hangen nesa, - in ji Tatyana Shilova.
- Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba su da kyau shine nauyin gani a kusa. Duk wani abu kusa da 35-40 centimeters ana la'akari da kewayon kusa. Mafi nisa daga wannan nisa, mafi sauƙi, mafi sauƙi ga idanu, - ya jaddada Natalia Bosha.
Za a iya dawo da hangen nesa ba tare da tiyata ba?
Idan muna magana ne game da rikice-rikice na aiki (alal misali, haɓakar tsokar intraocular da ke da alhakin tafiyar matakai na mai da hankali "kusa-kusa") ko cin zarafi na ido na ido tare da ciwo na "bushe ido", to, hangen nesa zai iya zama wani bangare. ko kuma an dawo dasu gaba daya ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin warkewa. Likita ne kawai zai iya tantance dalilin rashin gani,” Tatyana Shilova ta amsa.
- Tare da ɗaukar nauyi mai tsawo, abin da ake kira spasm na masauki na iya tasowa, lokacin da ruwan tabarau na ido ba zai iya daidaitawa zuwa nesa da kusa ba. Spasm na masauki yana haɓaka bayyanar myopia ko tsokanar bayyanarsa. Wannan ake kira myopia ƙarya. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ana iya dawo da hangen nesa ba tare da wani aikin tiyata ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar shan magani tare da likitan ido, yi amfani da saukad da na musamman, yin motsa jiki don shakatawa da haɓaka haɓakar tsokoki na ido. A wannan yanayin, ana iya dawo da hangen nesa, ”in ji Natalia Bosha.
Menene hatsarori na gyaran hangen nesa na Laser?
- Bayan gyaran laser, yana da mahimmanci cewa mai haƙuri ya bi wasu shawarwari. Wannan zai kauce wa rikitarwa bayan tiyata. Alal misali, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar yin amfani da digo na musamman bayan tiyata, har tsawon mako guda don guje wa wasanni, zuwa tafkin, wanka da sauna. Kuma mahimmin mahimmanci na biyu bayan gyaran laser: a cikin mako ya zama dole don kauce wa raunin da kuma duk wani lambobin wutar lantarki, ya jaddada Natalia Bosha.
Har yaushe tasirin gyaran hangen nesa na Laser zai ƙare?
Ana gudanar da wannan aiki sama da shekaru 30. Akwai marasa lafiya a cikin su wanda tasirin ya kasance fiye da shekaru 30. Tabbas, wani lokacin akwai ɗan koma baya bayan shekaru 15-20 daga ranar aikin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana lura da wannan a cikin marasa lafiya tare da farkon myopia (-7 da sama), - in ji Natalia Bosha.
Tushen:
- Shadrichev FE Diabetic retinopathy (ra'ayin likitan ido). Ciwon sukari. 2008; 11 (3): 8-11. doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5349.
- Rahoton duniya game da hangen nesa [Rahoton Duniya game da hangen nesa]. Geneva: Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya; 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/328717/9789240017207-rus.pdf
- Ivanova AA Ilimi da lafiyar ido. Ƙimar hankali na karni na XXI: mataki na ilimi. 2016: P. 22.
- Ivanova AA Ilimi da lafiyar ido. Ƙimar hankali na karni na XXI: mataki na ilimi. 2016: P. 23.