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Halin kifin ruwa mai daɗi na dangin carp. Har yanzu ba a fahimci kifin da kyau ba, kuma bayanin tsarin su shine batun cece-kuce a tsakanin masana kimiyyar halittu da ichthyologists. Halin halittar ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kifaye guda uku kawai, waɗanda dukkansu suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka da tuddai na Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya. An haɗa rikice-rikice ba kawai saboda sifofin ilimin halittar jiki ba, har ma da yanayin yanayin wannan kifi. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha, a cikin sama na Ob, Osman Potanin yana rayuwa, shi ma Altai Osman ko dutsen dace. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa wannan kifi yana da nau'o'in halittu guda uku waɗanda suka bambanta a salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki, sabili da haka girmansa. Wani abu da ba a saba gani ba wajen tantance bayyanar wadannan kifayen ya ta’allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa wurin da babban bakin kasa da na sama ya dangana ga kifi daya. Ta hanyar abinci mai gina jiki, kifaye sun kasu kashi biyu masu cin nama, masu komi - herbivorous da dwarf. Predatory ya kai tsayi fiye da 1 m, tare da matsakaicin nauyi na 2-4 kg, samfuran har zuwa kilogiram 10 suna yiwuwa. Gabaɗaya, duk Ottoman ana iya danganta shi da kifin da ke girma a hankali. Bayyanar nau'ikan halittu iri-iri yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin kogunan tsaunuka da tafkunan Altai da Mongoliya. Kifi ya dace da kowane irin abinci: daga shuke-shuke da tsaba, invertebrates, zuwa nasu yara da matattu kifi.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi Osman
A wasu tafkunan Altai da Tyva, an kama kifi da masana'antu. Yawancin masu kifaye suna kama osman mai farauta akan kayan kadi. Bugu da kari, ana iya kama osman a kan kwaikwayi invertebrates, da kuma tudun ruwa da na kasa a kan dabbobin dabba. A cikin hunturu, Osman ba ya aiki sosai, amma an yi nasarar kama shi akan jigi da lallausan tsaye.
Ловля османа na kadi
Yawancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna da'awar cewa Ottomans suna tsayayya da magance taurin kai kamar salmon. Don yin kamun kifi, yana da daraja yin amfani da sanduna waɗanda suka dace da ƙwarewar masunta da hanyar kamun kifi. Kamun kifi ga osman na farko shine, kamun kifi akan tafkuna, galibi tare da amfani da jiragen ruwa. Kafin kamun kifi, yana da daraja bayyana yanayin kamun kifi. Zaɓin sanda, tsayinsa da gwajinsa na iya dogara da wannan. Dogayen sanduna sun fi jin daɗi lokacin wasa da manyan kifi, amma suna iya jin daɗi lokacin da ake kamun kifi daga bankunan da suka cika girma ko kuma daga ƙananan kwale-kwale. Gwajin juzu'i ya dogara da zaɓin nauyin spinners. Mafi kyawun bayani shine ɗaukar ma'aunin nauyi da girma dabam tare da ku. Yanayin kamun kifi a kan kogi ko tafkin na iya bambanta sosai, ciki har da yanayin yanayi a cikin tsaunuka, don haka yana da kyau a zaɓi kayan aikin duniya. Dole ne a haɗa zaɓin na'urar da ba ta dace ba tare da buƙatar samun wadataccen layin kamun kifi. Igiya ko layin kamun kifi bai kamata ya zama bakin ciki ba, dalilin ba wai kawai yuwuwar kama babban ganima ba ne, har ma saboda yanayin kamun kifi na iya buƙatar fadan dole.
Kama osman akan kayan hunturu
Kama osman tare da sandunan hunturu baya bambanta da manyan siffofi. Don yin wannan, za ka iya amfani da talakawa nodding magance tare da yin amfani da mormyshki da ƙarin ƙugiya. Don kama babban osman, ana amfani da maɓalli daban-daban, dangane da ganimar da ake sa ran, girman na iya bambanta daga ƙananan "perch" zuwa matsakaicin girman. Lokacin kamun kifi tare da baits na halitta, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan aikin hunturu masu iyo.
Kama osman akan sandunan ƙasa
A lokacin rani, lokacin da ake kamun kifi akan tafkunan osman, zaku iya kamun kifi da ƙasa da sandunan iyo don yin simintin nesa ta hanyar amfani da bat ɗin dabbobi ko raye-raye. Ana iya kama Osman akan kayan aiki daban-daban, amma, daga “donok”, yakamata ku ba da fifiko ga mai ciyarwa. Jin daɗi sosai ga yawancin, har ma da ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Suna ƙyale masunta su kasance masu motsi a kan tafki, kuma saboda yiwuwar ciyar da abinci, da sauri "tattara" kifi a wani wuri da aka ba. Feeder da picker, azaman nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban, a halin yanzu sun bambanta kawai a tsawon sandar. Tushen shine kasancewar kwantena-sinker (mai ciyarwa) da tukwici masu canzawa akan sanda. Filayen suna canzawa dangane da yanayin kamun kifi da nauyin mai ciyarwa da aka yi amfani da shi. Nozzles don kamun kifi na iya zama kowane, duka kayan lambu da dabba, gami da manna. Wannan hanyar kamun kifi yana samuwa ga kowa da kowa. Magance baya buƙatar ƙarin kayan haɗi da kayan aiki na musamman. Wannan yana ba ka damar kamun kifi a kusan kowane jikin ruwa. Yana da daraja biyan hankali ga zabi na feeders a cikin siffar da girman, kazalika da koto gauraye. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin tafki (kogi, tafkin, da dai sauransu) da abubuwan da ake so na abinci na kifin gida. Ga Osman, yana da daraja la'akari da gaskiyar cewa ya fi son baits na asalin dabba.
Batsa
Don kama osman akan kayan juzu'i, ana amfani da baubles daban-daban masu jujjuyawa da murzawa na matsakaici da ƙarami. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da maƙallan masu matsakaicin matsakaici don yin wayoyi iri-iri da zurfin daban-daban. Lokacin da ake kamun kifi akan jakuna da takalmi, suna kama tsutsotsi iri-iri, naman kifi da kifi. A cikin hunturu, ana samun nasarar amfani da sake dasa mormysh da sauran invertebrates. Masuntan Siberiya, gami da masunta na Altai, galibi sun fi son masu kamun sanyi tare da ƙugiya mai siyar, wanda aka dasa naman kifi ko iri ɗaya. Ƙananan nau'i na osman suna mayar da martani ga rigging tare da yin amfani da "dabaru" - daban-daban kwaikwayo na invertebrates.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, osman za a iya kama a cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Altai da Tuva. Ana iya samun Altai Osman Potanin tare da cikakken tabbaci a cikin tafkuna da kogunan saman kogin Ob: Argut, Bashkaus, Chuya, Chulyshman. A cikin koguna, kifin yana guje wa saurin gudu, galibi yana rayuwa ne a wuraren da ke da dutsen ƙasa da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa. Yana kiyayewa a cikin ƙasa da tsaka-tsaki na ruwa. Baya samar da manyan gungu.
Ciyarwa
Saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan halittu da yawa na Altai osman Potanin ana danganta su zuwa kifi ɗaya, yana da kyau a lura da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin haɓakar waɗannan kifin. Akwai wani batu mai ban sha'awa wanda ya bambanta shi da sauran kifaye a yankin. An yi imani da cewa caviar kifi yana da guba. Siffar mafarauta ta osman ta haihu a kan wani katon dutsen dutse kuma a zurfin zurfin gaske. Siffar osman ta ko'ina tana motsawa zuwa gaɓar teku a cikin yankin tsirran bakin teku da algae. Tushen don haifuwa shine ƙasa mai yashi-pebble. Don nau'in dwarf, ana ɗaukar yankin spawning a matsayin kunkuntar tsiri na gefen bakin teku a zurfin 5-7 cm. Osman ya zama balagagge ta jima'i, dangane da yanayin muhalli, yana da shekaru 7-9. A cikin kowane nau'in, caviar mai ɗorewa yana haɗe zuwa ƙasa. An raba shuka kuma an shimfiɗa shi, kusan tsawon watannin bazara-rani da yawa. Lokacin spawning ayyuka a cikin nau'i daban-daban bai zo daidai ba.
Kariyar Kariyar Abinci
Kamar yadda ya faru da wasu nau'in kifi na Asiya (misali, marinka), ba kawai caviar yana da guba a cikin osman ba, har ma gabobin ciki. Lokacin tsaftace kifi, tabbatar da tsaftace cikin a hankali kuma cire fim din daga peritoneum. Har ila yau, kurkura tare da gishiri mai karfi. Dole ne a lalata kayan ciki ko kuma a binne su don kada su guba na gida ko na daji.