A cikin wannan labarin, tare da goyon bayan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙungiyar agaji na Maria Mama, wanda ke gudanar da azuzuwan masters na kyauta tare da masu ceto Rossoyuzspas masu ba da izini a Moscow, mun tattara tukwici waɗanda ke taimaka wa yara da sauri da kuma samar da taimakon farko daidai.
Taimakon farko don asarar sani
- Amsa ga sauti (kira da suna, tafa hannu kusa da kunnuwa);
- Kasancewar bugun jini (tare da yatsu hudu, duba bugun jini a wuyansa, tsawon lokaci shine akalla 10 seconds. Ana jin bugun jini a bangarorin biyu na wuyansa);
– Kasancewar numfashi (wajibi ne a karkata zuwa leben yaro ko amfani da madubi).
Idan ba ku gano amsa ga akalla ɗaya daga cikin alamun rayuwa na sama ba, dole ne ku ci gaba da gudanar da farfadowa na zuciya (CPR) kuma ku ci gaba da yin shi har sai motar asibiti ta isa.
– Buɗe maɓallan tufafi, bel ɗin kugu; - Tare da babban yatsan hannu, kai har zuwa kirji tare da rami na ciki, grope don tsarin xiphoid; - Tashi daga tsarin xiphoid na yatsunsu 2 kuma a cikin wannan wurin yin tausa na zuciya kai tsaye; – Ga manya, ana yin tausa na zuciya kai tsaye da hannaye biyu, a sanya ɗaya a kan ɗayan, ga matashi da yaro - da hannu ɗaya, ga ƙaramin yaro (har zuwa shekaru 1,5-2) - da yatsu biyu; - CPR sake zagayowar: 30 ƙwaƙwalwar kirji - 2 numfashi a cikin baki; – Tare da numfashi na wucin gadi, wajibi ne a jefa kan baya, a ɗaga haɓo, buɗe baki, tsunkule hanci da shaka cikin bakin wanda aka azabtar; – Lokacin taimaka wa yara, numfashi bai kamata ya cika ba, ga jarirai – ƙanƙanta, kusan daidai da ƙarar numfashin yaro; - Bayan 5-6 hawan keke na CPR (1 sake zagayowar = 30 compressions: 2 numfashi), shi wajibi ne don duba bugun jini, numfashi, pulpillary amsa ga haske. Idan babu bugun jini da numfashi, ya kamata a ci gaba da farfadowa har sai motar asibiti ta zo; - Da zaran bugun jini ko numfashi ya bayyana, yakamata a dakatar da CPR kuma a kawo wanda aka azabtar zuwa wani wuri mai kyau (ɗaga hannu sama, lanƙwasa ƙafa a gwiwa kuma juya shi gefe).
Yana da muhimmanci: idan akwai mutane a kusa da ku, tambaye su su kira motar asibiti kafin fara farfadowa. Idan kuna ba da agajin farko kaɗai - ba za ku iya ɓata lokacin kiran motar asibiti ba, kuna buƙatar fara CPR. Ana iya kiran motar asibiti bayan 5-6 hawan keke na farfadowa na zuciya, yana da kimanin minti 2, bayan haka ya zama dole don ci gaba da aikin.
Taimakon farko lokacin da wani baƙon jiki ya shiga sashin numfashi (asphyxia)
Bangaren asphyxia: numfashi yana da wuya, amma akwai, yaron ya fara yin tari da karfi. A wannan yanayin, yana buƙatar a bar shi ya yi tari da kansa, tari ya fi tasiri fiye da kowane matakan taimako.
Cikakkun asphyxia mai yawan yunƙurin numfashi na hayaniya, ko akasin haka, shiru, rashin iya numfashi, ja, sannan launin shuɗi, rashin hayyacinta.
- Sanya wanda aka azabtar a kan gwiwarsa a juye, yi tafawa na ci gaba tare da kashin baya (alkin bugun kai); - Idan hanyar da ke sama ba ta taimaka ba, ya zama dole, yayin da yake tsaye a tsaye, a kama wanda aka azabtar daga baya tare da hannaye biyu (wanda aka manne a cikin hannu) kuma danna kan yanki tsakanin cibiya da tsarin xiphoid. Wannan hanya za a iya amfani da ita kawai ga manya da yara masu girma, tun da ya fi damuwa; - Idan ba a samu sakamakon ba kuma ba a cire jikin waje ba bayan hanyoyi biyu, dole ne a canza su; – Lokacin bayar da agajin gaggawa ga jariri, dole ne a sanya shi a hannun babban mutum (fuskar tana kwance a tafin hannun babba, yatsa tsakanin bakin yaro, a goya wuyansa da kai) a shafa masa duka guda 5 a tsakanin kafada. zuwa ga kai. Bayan an juyo a duba bakin yaron. Na gaba - 5 danna kan tsakiyar sternum (kai ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙafafu). Maimaita hawan keke 3 kuma kira motar asibiti idan bai taimaka ba. Ci gaba har sai motar asibiti ta iso.
Ba za ka iya ba: bugun baya a madaidaiciyar matsayi da ƙoƙarin isa ga jikin waje tare da yatsunsu - wannan zai sa jikin waje ya zurfafa cikin hanyoyin iska kuma ya kara tsananta yanayin.
Taimakon farko don nutsewa cikin ruwa
Ruwan ruwa na gaskiya yana da cyanosis na fata da yawan kumfa daga baki da hanci. Da irin wannan nitsewar, mutum kan hadiye ruwa mai yawa.
- jingina wanda aka azabtar akan gwiwa; – Ta danna tushen harshe, haifar da gag reflex. Ci gaba da aikin har sai duk ruwan ya fito; - Idan ba a kori reflex ba, ci gaba zuwa farfadowa na zuciya; - Ko da an dawo da wanda aka azabtar da shi a hankali, dole ne a kira motar asibiti ko da yaushe, tun da nutsewa yana da babban haɗari na rikitarwa a cikin nau'i na huhu na huhu, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, kama zuciya.
Busasshiyar (kodadde) nutsewa yana faruwa a cikin kankara ko ruwan chlorinated (rami, tafkin, wanka). An kwatanta shi da pallor, kasancewar ƙananan kumfa "bushe", wanda ba zai bar alamomi ba idan an shafe shi. Da irin wannan nitsewar, mutum baya hadiye ruwa mai yawa, kuma kamewar numfashi yana faruwa ne saboda zunzurutun hanyoyin iska.
nan da nan fara farfaɗowar zuciya.
Taimakon farko don girgiza wutar lantarki
- Saki wanda aka azabtar daga aikin na yanzu - tura shi daga kayan lantarki tare da abu na katako, zaka iya amfani da bargo mai kauri ko wani abu wanda ba ya tafiyar da halin yanzu; - Duba gaban bugun jini da numfashi, a cikin rashi, ci gaba da farfadowa na zuciya; - A gaban bugun jini da numfashi, a kowane hali, kira motar asibiti, tun da akwai babban yiwuwar kama zuciya; – Idan mutum ya suma bayan da ya samu wutar lantarki, sai ya durkusa gwiwoyinsa, sannan ya matsa lamba kan wuraren zafi (mahadar hancin hanci da lebe na sama, a bayan kunnuwa, a karkashin kashin wuya).
Taimakon farko don konewa
Hanyar ƙonawa ya dogara da matakinsa.
Mataki na 1: ja na saman fata, kumburi, zafi. Mataki na 2: jajayen saman fata, kumburi, zafi, blisters. Mataki na 3: jajayen saman fata, kumburi, zafi, blisters, zubar jini. 4 digiri: caji.
Tun da yake a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum muna yawan saduwa da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na farko don ƙonewa, za mu yi la'akari da hanyar samar da taimako a gare su.
A cikin yanayin konewar digiri na farko, wajibi ne a sanya yankin da aka lalace na fata a ƙarƙashin ruwan sanyi (digiri 15-20, ba kankara) na minti 15-20 ba. Don haka, muna sanyaya saman fata kuma muna hana ƙona shiga zurfi cikin kyallen takarda. Bayan haka, za ku iya shafe konewar tare da wakili mai warkarwa. Ba za ku iya man shi ba!
Tare da ƙona digiri na biyu, yana da mahimmanci a tuna kada a fashe blisters da suka bayyana akan fata. Haka kuma, kar a cire kona tufafi. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da rigar datti don ƙonewa ko sanyi ta cikin zane kuma a nemi kulawar likita.
Idan ido ya kone, ya zama dole a sauke fuska a cikin akwati na ruwa sannan a kiftawa a cikin ruwa, sannan a shafa rigar da aka daskare a idanun rufe.
Idan akwai konewar alkali, wajibi ne a bi da fata fata tare da 1-2% bayani na boric, citric, acetic acid.
A yanayin konewar acid, bi da fata da ruwan sabulu, ruwa tare da soda, ko kawai yalwar ruwa mai tsabta. Aiwatar da bandeji mara kyau.
Taimakon farko idan akwai sanyi
– Fita cikin zafin rana, cire rigar jaririn kuma fara dumi a hankali. Idan gaɓoɓin sun yi sanyi, to sai a sauke su cikin ruwa a cikin zafin jiki, dumi su na minti 40, a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa digiri 36; – Ba da yalwataccen abin sha mai dumi, mai daɗi – dumi daga ciki. – A shafa man shafawa na warkar da rauni daga baya; – Idan blisters, kumburin fata ya bayyana, ko kuma idan hankalin fata bai warke ba, nemi kulawar likita.
Ba za ka iya ba: shafa fata (da hannu, zane, dusar ƙanƙara, barasa), dumi fata ba tare da wani zafi ba, sha barasa.
Taimakon farko don ciwon zafi
Zafin zafi ko bugun rana yana da juzu'i, tashin zuciya, da pallor. Dole ne a dauki wanda aka azabtar a cikin inuwa, a shafa bandeji masu danshi a goshi, wuyansa, makwancin gwaiwa, gaɓoɓi kuma a canza lokaci-lokaci. Kuna iya sanya abin nadi a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunku don tabbatar da kwararar jini.
Taimakon farko don guba
– Bawa wanda abin ya shafa ruwa mai yawa sannan a jawo amai ta hanyar danna saiwar harshe, a maimaita aikin har sai ruwa ya fito.
Muhimmin! Ba za ku iya haifar da amai ba idan akwai guba tare da sinadarai (acid, alkali), kawai kuna buƙatar sha ruwa.
Taimakon farko na zubar jini
Hanyar taimakawa tare da zubar jini ya dogara da nau'insa: capillary, venous ko arterial.
Zubar da jini - mafi yawan zubar jini daga raunuka, abrasions, ƙananan yanke.
Idan akwai zubar jini na capillary, ya zama dole a danne raunin, kashe shi kuma a yi amfani da bandeji. Idan akwai zubar jini daga hanci - karkatar da kan ku gaba, damke raunin da swab auduga, shafa sanyi zuwa wurin hanci. Idan jinin bai tsaya a cikin mintuna 15-20 ba, kira motar asibiti.
Zubar da jini halin da duhu ja jini, m kwarara, ba tare da marmaro.
sanya matsa lamba kai tsaye a kan rauni, shafa 'yan bandeji da bandeji rauni, kira motar asibiti.
Jinin jijiya lura tare da lalacewa ga jijiya (cervical, femoral, axillary, brachial) kuma yana da halin da ke gudana.
– Wajibi ne a daina zubar da jini a cikin minti 2. – Danna rauni da yatsa, tare da zub da jini axillary - tare da dunkulen ku, tare da zubar jini na mata - danna dunkulen ku akan cinya sama da raunin. - A cikin matsanancin yanayi, yi amfani da yawon shakatawa na awa 1, sanya hannu kan lokacin amfani da yawon shakatawa.
Taimakon farko don karaya
- Tare da rufaffiyar rufaffiyar, ya wajaba a yi motsi a cikin wurin da yake, bandeji ko yin amfani da tsage; - Tare da karaya a bude - dakatar da zubar da jini, hana kafa; – Nemi kulawar likita.
Ƙwarewar taimakon gaggawa wani abu ne mafi kyau a sani amma kada a yi amfani da shi fiye da rashin sani da zama marasa taimako a cikin gaggawa. Tabbas, ana tunawa da irin wannan bayanin da kyau a cikin azuzuwan masu amfani, yana da mahimmanci musamman don fahimta a aikace, alal misali, fasaha na farfadowa na zuciya. Don haka, idan kuna sha'awar wannan batu, muna ba ku shawarar ku zaɓi darussan taimakon farko da kanku kuma ku halarci su.
Alal misali, kungiyar "Maria Mama" tare da goyon bayan "Rasha Union of Rescuers" wata-wata shirya wani FREE m taron karawa juna sani "School of First Aid ga Yara", a more daki-daki game da abin da, za ka iya.