Excel yana ba da ayyuka daban-daban guda biyar don ƙididdige darajar daraja. Yi la'akari da kadara mai tsada $ 10000, liquidation (raguwa) darajar $ 1000 da rayuwa mai amfani 10 lokaci (shekaru). Ana nuna sakamakon duk ayyuka biyar a ƙasa. Za mu bayyana kowane ɗayan waɗannan ayyuka dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
Yawancin kadarorin suna rasa mafi yawan kimarsu a farkon rayuwarsu masu amfani. Ayyuka Kunna shi (KUDU), FUO (DB), DDOB (DDB) da PUO (VDB) yi la'akari da wannan factor.
Firimiya (INGILA)
aiki Firimiya (INGILA) (SLN) yana da sauƙi kamar madaidaiciyar layi. Kowace shekara, ana la'akari da farashin farashi daidai.
aiki Firimiya (INGILA) yana yin lissafin kamar haka:
- Farashin farashi = ($10000–$1000)/10 = $900.
- Idan muka cire adadin da aka karɓa daga ainihin farashin kadari sau 10, to ƙimar darajarta za ta canza daga $ 10000 zuwa $ 1000 sama da shekaru 10 (an nuna wannan a ƙasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin).
Kunna shi
aiki Kunna shi (SYD) kuma mai sauƙi ne - yana ƙididdige ƙima ta amfani da jimillar hanyar lambobi na shekara. Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, wannan aikin kuma yana buƙatar adadin lokutan da za a ƙayyade.
aiki Kunna shi yana yin lissafin kamar haka:
- Rayuwa mai amfani ta shekaru 10 tana ba da jimlar lambobi 10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1 = 55
- Ƙimar ta yi hasarar dala 10 cikin ƙima a tsawon lokacin da ake la'akari (shekaru 9000).
- Ƙimar darajar 1 = 10/55 * $ 9000 = $ 1636.36;
Ƙimar daraja 2 = 9/55*$9000 = $1472.73 da sauransu.
- Idan muka cire duk ƙimar da aka samu daga ainihin farashin kadari na $ 10000, za mu sami ragowar darajar $ 1000 bayan rayuwa mai amfani na shekaru 10 (duba kasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin).
FUO
aiki FUO (DB) ya ɗan fi rikitarwa. Ana amfani da ƙayyadaddun hanyar rage daraja don ƙididdige ƙima.
aiki FUO yana yin lissafin kamar haka:
- Rate = 1– ((saura_cost/cost_farko) ^ (1/rayuwa)) = 1–($1000/$10000) ^ (1/10)) = 0.206. Sakamakon yana zagaye zuwa dubu biyu.
- Lokacin rage darajar lokaci 1 = $10000*0.206 = $2060.00;
Lokacin rage darajar lokaci 2 = ($ 10000-$2060.00)*0.206 = $1635.64 da sauransu.
- Idan muka cire duk ƙimar da aka samu daga ainihin farashin kadari na $ 10000, za mu sami ragowar darajar $ 995.88 bayan rayuwa mai amfani na shekaru 10 (duba kasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin).
lura: aiki FUO yana da hujja ta biyar na zaɓi. Ana iya amfani da wannan hujja idan kuna son tantance adadin watannin aiki a cikin shekarar biyan kuɗi ta farko (idan an cire wannan hujja, to ana ɗaukar adadin watannin aiki a cikin shekarar farko shine 12). Misali, idan aka samu kadari a farkon kwata na biyu na shekara, watau a cikin shekara ta farko, rayuwar kadarar ta kasance watanni 9, to don hujja ta biyar na aikin kuna buƙatar tantance ƙimar 9. A wannan yanayin, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin dabarun da Excel ke amfani da su don ƙididdige darajar darajar lokaci na farko da na ƙarshe (lokacin ƙarshe zai kasance shekara ta 11, wanda ya ƙunshi kawai daga watanni 3 na aiki).
DDOB
aiki DDOB (DDB) - ninka ma'auni, kuma daga cikin firamare. Koyaya, lokacin amfani da wannan aikin, ƙimar ragowar da ake buƙata ba koyaushe ake samun ta ba.
aiki DDOB yana yin lissafin kamar haka:
- Tare da rayuwa mai amfani na shekaru 10, muna samun ƙimar 1/10 = 0.1. Hanyar da fasalin ke amfani da shi ana kiransa hanyar saura biyu, don haka dole ne mu ninka fare (factor = 2).
- Lokacin rage darajar lokaci 1 = $10000*0.2 = $2000;
Lokacin rage darajar lokaci 2 = ($ 10000-$2000)*0.2 = $1600 da sauransu.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, lokacin amfani da wannan aikin, ƙimar ragowar da ake buƙata ba koyaushe ake samu ba. A cikin wannan misali, idan ka cire duk raguwar da aka samu daga ainihin farashin kadari na $ 10000, to, bayan shekaru 10 mun sami darajar ragowar darajar $ 1073.74 (duba kasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin). . Ci gaba da karantawa don gano yadda za a gyara wannan lamarin.
lura: Aikin DDOB yana da hujja ta biyar na zaɓi. Ƙimar wannan gardama tana ƙayyadad da wani abu daban don raguwar ma'auni na riba.
PUO
aiki PUO (VDB) yana amfani da hanyar rage sau biyu ta tsohuwa. Hujja ta huɗu ta ƙayyadad da lokacin farawa, hujja ta biyar ta ƙayyade ƙarshen lokacin.
aiki PUO yana yin lissafin daidai da aikin DDOB. Duk da haka, idan ya cancanta, yana canzawa zuwa yanayin lissafin "layi madaidaiciya" lokacin da ya cancanta (wanda aka haskaka a cikin rawaya) don isa ga darajar ragowar darajar (duba kasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin). Canjawa zuwa yanayin lissafin "layi madaidaiciya" yana faruwa ne kawai idan ƙimar raguwa bisa ga "layi madaidaiciya» ya wuce adadin raguwa bisa ga «sau biyu rage ma'auni".
A cikin lokaci na takwas, adadin ƙima a ƙarƙashin hanyar ma'auni na raguwa sau biyu = $ 419.43. A wannan mataki, muna da adadin da za mu rubuta kashe daraja daidai da $2097.15-$1000 (duba kasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin). Idan muka yi amfani da hanyar "layi madaidaiciya" don ƙarin ƙididdiga, to, ga sauran lokuta uku muna samun ƙimar darajar $ 1097/3 = $ 365.72. Wannan ƙimar ba ta wuce ƙimar da aka samu ta hanyar cirewa sau biyu ba, don haka babu sauyawa zuwa hanyar "layi madaidaiciya".
A cikin lokaci na tara, adadin ƙima a ƙarƙashin hanyar ma'auni na raguwa sau biyu = $ 335.54. A wannan mataki, muna da adadin da za mu rubuta kashe daraja daidai da $1677.72-$1000 (duba kasan adadi na farko a farkon labarin). Idan muka yi amfani da hanyar "layi madaidaiciya" don ƙarin ƙididdiga, to, ga sauran lokuta biyu muna samun darajar darajar $ 677.72/2 = $ 338.86. Wannan darajar ta fi darajar da aka samu ta hanyar cirewa sau biyu, don haka ya juya zuwa hanyar layi madaidaiciya.
lura: aiki PUO yafi sassauƙa fiye da aikin DDOB. Tare da taimakonsa, zaku iya ƙididdige adadin ƙima don lokuta da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
Aikin ya ƙunshi muhawara na zaɓi na shida da na bakwai. Tare da hujja ta shida, zaku iya ayyana wani ƙididdiga don raguwar ma'auni na riba. Idan aka saita hujja ta bakwai GASKIYA (GASKIYA), sannan canzawa zuwa yanayin lissafin "layi madaidaiciya" baya faruwa.