Cutar hauka na daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin duniya. Wannan dai shi ne na farko da ya haddasa mace-mace a Ingila da Wales kuma na biyar a duniya. A {asar Amirka, cutar Alzheimer, wadda Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta bayyana a matsayin “wani nau’i mai muni na hauka,” ita ce ta shida da ke haddasa mutuwa. A cewar WHO, a cikin 2015 akwai sama da mutane miliyan 46 da ke fama da cutar hauka a duniya, a cikin 2016 wannan adadi ya karu zuwa miliyan 50. Ana sa ran wannan adadin zai tashi zuwa miliyan 2050 da 131,5.
Daga harshen Latin an fassara "hauka" a matsayin "hauka". Mutum, zuwa mataki ɗaya ko wani, yana rasa ilimin da ya samu a baya da ƙwarewar aiki, kuma yana fuskantar matsaloli masu tsanani wajen samun sababbi. A cikin jama'a, ana kiran ciwon hauka "mahaukacin tsufa." Har ila yau, ciwon hauka yana tare da cin zarafi na tunani mara kyau, rashin iya yin shiri na gaskiya ga wasu, canje-canje na mutum, rashin daidaituwa na zamantakewa a cikin iyali da wurin aiki, da sauransu.
Iskar da muke shaka na iya yin tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan kwakwalwarmu wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da raguwar fahimi. A cikin wani sabon binciken da aka buga a mujallar BMJ Open, masu bincike sun bi diddigin adadin gano cutar dementia a cikin tsofaffi da matakan gurɓataccen iska a London. Rahoton na ƙarshe, wanda kuma yayi la'akari da wasu abubuwa kamar hayaniya, shan taba da ciwon sukari, wani mataki ne na fahimtar alaƙa tsakanin gurɓataccen muhalli da ci gaban cututtukan neurocognitive.
"Yayin da ya kamata a yi la'akari da binciken da taka tsantsan, binciken wani muhimmin ƙari ne ga ƙarar shaidar da ke nuna yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gurɓataccen zirga-zirga da kuma lalata kuma ya kamata ya ƙarfafa ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da shi," in ji jagoran binciken kuma masanin cututtuka a Jami'ar St George's London. , Ian Carey. .
Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa sakamakon gurɓataccen iska zai iya zama ba kawai tari, cunkoson hanci da sauran matsalolin da ba su da kisa. Sun riga sun danganta gurbatar yanayi da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini. Mafi haɗari ƙazanta sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (sau 30 ƙasa da gashin ɗan adam) waɗanda aka sani da PM2.5. Waɗannan barbashi sun haɗa da cakuda ƙura, ash, soot, sulfates da nitrates. Gabaɗaya, duk abin da aka saki a cikin yanayi duk lokacin da kuka koma bayan motar.
Don gano ko zai iya lalata kwakwalwa, Carey da tawagarsa sun bincika bayanan likita na 131 marasa lafiya masu shekaru 000 zuwa 50 tsakanin 79 da 2005. A cikin Janairu 2013, babu wani daga cikin mahalarta da ke da tarihin lalata. Masu binciken sun bi diddigin yawan marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar hauka a lokacin binciken. Bayan haka, masu binciken sun ƙaddara matsakaicin matsakaicin adadin PM2005 na shekara-shekara a cikin 2.5. Sun kuma tantance yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, kusancin manyan tituna, da yawan hayaniya da dare.
Bayan gano wasu dalilai kamar shan taba, ciwon sukari, shekaru, da kabilanci, Carey da tawagarsa sun gano cewa marasa lafiya da ke zaune a yankunan da ke da PM2.5 mafi girma. hadarin kamuwa da cutar hauka ya kai kashi 40%.fiye da waɗanda suka rayu a cikin yankunan da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin waɗannan barbashi a cikin iska. Da zarar masu binciken sun bincika bayanan, sun gano cewa ƙungiyar ta kasance kawai don nau'in lalata guda ɗaya: cutar Alzheimer.
"Na yi matukar farin ciki da cewa mun fara ganin karatu irin wannan," in ji Masanin cututtukan cututtuka na Jami'ar George Washington Melinda Power. "Ina ganin wannan yana da amfani musamman saboda binciken yana la'akari da matakan hayaniya da dare."
Inda akwai gurɓata, sau da yawa ana hayaniya. Wannan ya sa masana cututtukan cututtuka su yi tambaya ko da gaske ne gurbatar yanayi ke shafar kwakwalwa da kuma ko sakamakon dadewa da aka samu ga kara mai karfi kamar zirga-zirga. Wataƙila mutane a wuraren da suka fi surutu suna yin barci kaɗan ko kuma samun ƙarin damuwa na yau da kullun. Wannan binciken ya yi la'akari da matakan hayaniya a cikin dare (lokacin da mutane suka riga sun kasance a gida) kuma ya gano cewa hayaniya ba ta da tasiri a kan farawar hauka.
A cewar masanin cututtukan cututtuka na Jami'ar Boston, Jennifer Weve, yin amfani da bayanan likita don gano cutar hauka na ɗaya daga cikin manyan iyakokin bincike. Waɗannan bayanan na iya zama marasa dogaro kuma suna iya yin nuni da cutar hauka kawai ba duka ba. Mai yiyuwa ne mutanen da ke zaune a wuraren da suka fi ƙazanta sun fi fuskantar bugun jini da cututtukan zuciya, don haka a kai a kai suna ziyartar likitocin da ke gano cutar hauka a cikinsu.
Daidai yadda gurɓataccen iska zai iya lalata kwakwalwa har yanzu ba a san shi ba, amma akwai ka'idodin aiki guda biyu. Na farko, gurɓataccen iska yana shafar vasculature na kwakwalwa.
"Abin da ke cutar da zuciyarka sau da yawa yana cutar da kwakwalwarka"Iko ya ce.
Wataƙila wannan shine yadda gurɓatawar ke shafar aikin ƙwaƙwalwa da zuciya. Wata ka'idar ita ce, gurɓataccen abu yana shiga cikin kwakwalwa ta hanyar jijiyar ƙamshi kuma yana haifar da kumburi da damuwa na oxidative kai tsaye zuwa kyallen takarda.
Duk da gazawar wannan bincike da makamantansu, irin wannan bincike na da matukar muhimmanci, musamman a fagen da babu magungunan da za su iya magance cutar. Idan masana kimiyya za su iya tabbatar da wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa da gaske, to za a iya rage ciwon hauka ta hanyar inganta ingancin iska.
"Ba za mu iya kawar da ciwon hauka gaba daya ba," Wev yayi kashedin. "Amma za mu iya aƙalla canza lambobin kaɗan."