Contents
Akwai rudani na gaske tare da croton a cikin shugabannin masu shuka furanni masu son. Suna da taurin kai suna nufin shukar gidan mai ban sha'awa kamar haka, lokacin da a zahiri Croton ke tsiro a cikin daji ko a gonakin wurare masu zafi, inda ake shuka shi don dalilai na magani ko don iri. Kuma waɗannan manyan bishiyoyi ne ko shrubs. A cikin gidajenmu, ba croton ne ke rayuwa ba, amma codiaum. Kuma nau'i ɗaya kawai - codiaum motley (Codiaeum variegatum) daga dangin Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). A Turai, ana kiranta da "alkyabbar Yusufu". Ya zama sananne a can a farkon rabin karni na XNUMX.
Bambance-bambancen codiaum wani shrub ne mai tsayi wanda bai wuce 70 cm ba a gida. A kan gangar jikin madaidaiciya, manyan ganye (har zuwa 30 cm) ana shirya ganyen fata a madadin. Furen ba su da kyan gani, furanni ƙanana ne, kodadde, tsaba suna da girma. Amma darajar shuka ba a cikin furanni ba, amma a cikin ganyayyaki - suna da siffofi daban-daban da launuka masu ban sha'awa: duk inuwar kore, rawaya, orange, ja har ma da baki! Ana inganta tasirin kayan ado ta hanyar jijiyoyi masu launi masu haske da tabo (1).
Akwai aƙalla nau'ikan variegated codiaum guda 7, waɗanda suka bambanta da siffar farantin ganye. Misali, form mai ban tsoro leaf mai siffar zuciya tare da tip mai nuna elongated, a cikin trilobium gindin ganyen deltoid ne, kuma farantin kanta ya kasu kashi 3.
Croton iri-iri
Shahararriyar wannan shuka ta haifar da aiki mai yawa ta hanyar masu shayarwa waɗanda suka kirkiro nau'ikan asali da nau'ikan iri.
m - ganyen sa yayi kama da itacen oak, saman kore ne tare da jijiyoyin rawaya, kuma kasan ganyen shine ja-burgundy.
Gold Tauraro - ganyaye masu kyan gani an rufe su da tabo na zinari masu yawa.
Missis Ayston - itace mai kyau, wanda a lokaci guda, zaka iya ganin ganyen kirim, rawaya da kore.
Mummy - Wannan nau'in yana da kunkuntar ganye mai ja-orange-ja-jaja mai ratsin kore mai duhu.
Petra - ƙaramin shrub har zuwa 50 cm tsayi tare da manyan ganye kore tare da jijiyoyin rawaya.
Karkace – iri-iri na asali tare da kunkuntar ganye masu haske masu murɗawa kewaye da axis.
Tauraruwar rana - itace mai tsayi har zuwa 80 cm mai tsayi mai launin rawaya-koren bakin ciki.
tamara - wani m shrub har zuwa 1 m high tare da farin-cream-kore ganye a cikin nau'i na elongated oval tare da kaifi tip da wavy baki.
Zanziebare – ya bambanta da kunkuntar dogayen ganye masu launin kore mai duhu mai launin rawaya.
zulu - tare da lanceolate koren ganye na wani m siffar tare da rawaya spots.
Kula da Croton a gida
Wurin haifuwar croton (codiaum) ita ce kusurwoyin wurare masu zafi na Indiya da Malesiya. Kuma wannan yana ƙayyade bukatunsa don yanayin girma.
"Matsaloli da yawa a cikin girma codiaum za a iya kauce masa idan an kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki sosai," in ji mai tara tsire-tsire na cikin gida Elizaveta Starostina. - A lokacin rani, shuka yana da dadi a zazzabi na 20 - 25 ° C, a cikin hunturu - ba ƙasa da 18 ° C ba.
Ground
Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, ƙasa don wardi ya fi dacewa da codiaum. Koyaya, ƙwararrun masu shuka furanni sun fi son shirya ƙasa da kansu. Don yin wannan, ɗauki ganyen ganye da humus, peat da yashi mai laushi daidai gwargwado. Gilashin ƙasan itace da aka niƙa da ɗanɗano na zeolite ana ƙara zuwa lita 3 na cakuda. Halin maganin ƙasa ya kamata ya zama alkaline - 6 - 7,4 pH.
lighting
Wannan shuka yana son haske mai haske, amma ba ya jure wa hasken rana kai tsaye - suna "share" kyakkyawan tsari kuma suna iya haifar da konewa. Mafi kyawun wuri daga bazara zuwa kaka shine taga sill na gabas, yamma ko kudu maso gabas.
Amma a cikin hunturu, ana iya sake shirya codiaum akan taga sill na kudu. Idan launin ganye ya fara bushewa, kunna phytolamps!
zafi
Codiaum yana son ƙasa mai laushi da iska. Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, ana shayar da ruwa akai-akai kuma yana da yawa har zuwa sau 3 a mako. Tabbatar cewa ƙasa ba ta bushe sama da 3 cm daga saman tukunyar ba. A cikin hunturu, watering daya a mako daya ya isa. Minti 30 bayan shayarwa, dole ne a zubar da ruwan da ke cikin kwanon rufi.
Shuka yana amsawa sosai ga feshi yau da kullun, humidifier iska. Amma wannan bai isa ba. Shafe ganye a kowace rana a bangarorin biyu tare da soso mai laushi, mai laushi - wannan yana ƙara zafi, yana kawar da ƙura da kwari. Ka ba dabbar ka ruwan sha mai dumi sau ɗaya a wata (2).
Ruwa don ban ruwa da fesa ya kamata a daidaita, mai laushi da dumi - 2 - 4 ° C sama da zafin jiki. Da kyau, yi amfani da ruwan sama ko tace ruwa.
takin mai magani
Don codiaum, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai mai rikitarwa don succulents da cacti. Ana kuma ba da shawarar yin amfani da tokar katako a matsayin taki.
Ciyar
Ana yin kayan ado na sama kawai a ƙasa mai rigar, tare da mafita na hadadden takin ma'adinai. A cikin bazara da bazara a cikin cikakken kashi 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 3. A cikin kaka da hunturu - 1/2 kashi na taki 1 lokaci a cikin watanni 1,5. Sau daya a kowane wata 2 ana zuba cokali daya na tokar itace a cikin tukunyar sannan a dan sassauta kasa.
trimming
Kyakkyawan kambi da girman mafi kyau duka ana kafa su ta hanyar pruning na yau da kullun. A cikin ƙananan tsire-tsire, ana yin tsintsin harbe, a cikin manya - pruning. Ana yin tsunkule na farko lokacin da matashin shuka ya kai tsayin 15-20 cm, sannan kowane harbe ya yanke zuwa toho na waje, da zarar ya kai 20 cm tsayi.
Ana ba da shawarar yanke kiban furanni, da harbe-harbe na gefe waɗanda ke fitowa da yawa fiye da kambin da aka kafa.
Lokacin tsunkule buds na apical na rauni, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai madara yana ƙarfafawa; lokacin yankan mai tushe, ana bada shawarar yin foda da yanke tare da murƙushe gawayi.
Ana aiwatar da pruning a cikin bazara kuma, idan ya cancanta, a lokacin rani. Bayan kwanaki 2-3 bayan pruning, ana shayar da tsire-tsire, ana fesa rawanin tare da abubuwan haɓaka girma.
Muhimmin! Ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai madara na shuka yana da guba, don haka aiki kawai tare da safofin hannu.
Haihuwar croton a gida
Croton (codiaum) za a yadu ta tsaba, yankan da yadudduka.
Tsaba. Tare da yaduwar iri, ƙila ba za a kiyaye halayen iyaye ba.
Dole ne tsaba su zama sabo ne, ana zuba su na tsawon minti 30 tare da ruwan zafi (60 ° C), sannan a bar su su kumbura a cikin ruwa guda na rana. Shuka a cikin kwano tare da cakuda peat da yashi zuwa zurfin 1 cm. Rufe tare da tsare kuma saka a wuri mai dumi. Ruwa akai-akai a cikin tire.
Lokacin da ganye na gaskiya biyu suka bayyana, tsiron suna zaune a cikin tukwane.
Yankewa. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda 2 don rooting: a cikin ƙasa da ruwa. Mafi kyawun lokacin yankan shine Fabrairu-Afrilu. An yanke yankan 10-15 cm tsayi, an cire ƙananan ganye. Ana wanke ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai madara da ruwa mai dumi, an bar sassan su bushe don 3 hours. Sa'an nan kuma ƙananan yanke yana foda tare da Kornevin. An dasa yankan a cikin tukunya tare da ƙasa maras kyau (perlite da peat) kuma an rufe shi da kwalba. Saka a wuri mai dumi (24 ° C). Fesa kowace rana kuma a zuba ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi kamar yadda ake bukata. Tsarin rooting yana ɗaukar kusan wata 1. Sa'an nan kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa don codiaum.
Hakanan za'a iya dasa yankan a cikin gilashin ruwa. Duk da haka, zai zama dole don kula da mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ruwa - 22 - 24 ° C. Tare da ci gaban tushen 1,5-2 cm tsayi, an dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, an sanya shi tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin kuma sannan a kula a hankali danshin kasa (2).
- Sau da yawa suna rubuta game da hanyar da za a yi rooting codiaum tare da ganye. Lalle ne, ganye da sauri ya bayyana tushen. Duk da haka, ci gaba da tsari yana tsayawa, saboda girma toho ya zama dole don bayyanar sabon shuka. Sabili da haka, daidai gwargwado ne ake buƙata, aƙalla ƙaramin yanki na tushe tare da ganye, - ya bayyana. mai tara tsire-tsire na cikin gida Elizaveta Starostina.
Yadudduka. A cikin nau'ikan da ke da tsayi mai tsayi, ana iya amfani da hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar shimfidawa. Don yin wannan, cire haushi a kan ɓangaren ɓangaren reshe - tare da zobe mai faɗi 1 cm, yi amfani da gansakuka sphagnum mai laushi a kan rauni, kunsa shi da fim mai shimfiɗa, gyara shi daga sama da ƙasa. A cikin wata daya za a ga yadda tushen ya tsiro ta cikin gansakuka. A ƙarƙashinsu, an yanke reshe kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.
Croton dashi a gida
Yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire matasa sau 2 a shekara, tsire-tsire waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 2 - sau 1 a cikin shekaru 2, manyan manya ba sa dasawa, amma kawai maye gurbin saman saman ƙasa a shekara.
Dashen farko shine makonni 2 bayan siyan. Gilashin ya kamata ya zama 3-5 cm a diamita fiye da tsohuwar. Dole ne a shimfiɗa 3 cm na magudanar ruwa a ƙasa. An fara daga dasawa na biyu, ana canza tsire-tsire, ana ƙoƙarin kada su lalata ƙasa, amma kawai dan girgiza tsohuwar ƙasa. Tushen da suka lalace da marasa lafiya ana yanke su da foda da garwayayyen gawayi.
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa shine bazara. Lura cewa ba za ku iya dasa shukar fure da mara lafiya ba (sai dai cututtukan rot).
Cututtukan Croton
Anthracnose. Yana bayyana azaman launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa akan ganye. Dalilin shi ne sau da yawa wuce kima watering da stagnant ruwa a cikin tushen yankin.
Don kariya, ana amfani da fesa shuka sau uku da shayar da ƙasa tare da kowane fungicides, misali, Fitosporin ko Alirin (3).
Tushen ruba Alamomin farko na cutar shine ganyen ya zama kodadde. Sannan suka bushe suka fadi.
Dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire cikin gaggawa, cire tushen taushi da abin ya shafa, yayyafa yankan tare da murƙushe gawayi. Ƙara allunan Glyocladin guda biyu zuwa saman saman ƙasa. Fesa shukar da ruwa tare da maganin Alirin (3).
Croton kwari
Spider mite. Wadannan kwari suna barin ƙananan huda da fararen fata a cikin ganyayyaki.
A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, fesawa akai-akai da shafa ganye tare da soso mai datti ya tabbatar da kansa sosai. Ana ba da shawarar a wanke shukar sosai da soso da ruwan sabulu, sannan a fesa Actellik ko Fitoverm sau uku tare da tazara na kwanaki 7 (3).
Shchitovka. Ana iya ganin kwari akan ganye da mai tushe - suna kama da busassun plaques masu launin ruwan kasa.
Sai a goge shukar da kulin auduga da aka jiƙa a cikin vodka, sannan a wanke da ruwan sabulu, a ƙara jiko ƙurar taba (cokali 1 a kowace lita 1 na ruwan tafasasshen ruwa, a tafasa tsawon minti 30, sai a bar kwana ɗaya, sai a tace sannan a ƙara 1). cokali na ruwa sabulun wanki). Hakanan ana ba da shawarar fesa Actellik (3).
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Mun tambaya game da croton mai tattara kayan lambu Elizaveta Starostina – ta amsa mafi mashahuri tambayoyi na flower growers.
Ya kamata tsire-tsire ya kasance lafiya - ba tare da wuraren da ake tambaya ba, ɓarna da sauran lalacewa, alamun kwari. A lokacin da za a saya a lokacin sanyi, tambaye shi ya shirya shi da kyau a cikin takarda don kada ya yi sanyi.
Bushewar ganyen kuma yana haifar da kamuwa da mite gizo-gizo.
Busassun ganye a kasan shukar balagaggu shine tsarin tsufa na halitta.
- sanyi taga sill ko daftarin aiki;
- bushewar iska da rashin isasshen ruwa;
- ruwa maras kyau a cikin yankin tushen, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar tsarin tushen da faduwa ganye;
– kwaro infestation.
Bayan kawar da dalilin, ciyar da shuka tare da wani rauni bayani na taki da kuma fesa tare da girma stimulator.
Tushen
- Burlutskaya LA Houseplants. // M.: AST, 2009
- Codiaeum variegatum // Tsire-tsire.
https://www.plantsrescue.com/codiaeum-variegatum/
- Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka ba da izini don amfani a yankin Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayya
https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/