Contents
Dangane da manufarta, Hukumar Edita ta MedTvoiLokony tana yin kowane ƙoƙari don samar da ingantaccen abun ciki na likita wanda ke da goyan bayan sabon ilimin kimiyya. Ƙarin tuta “Abin da aka Duba” yana nuna cewa likita ne ya duba labarin ko kuma ya rubuta kai tsaye. Wannan tabbacin mataki biyu: ɗan jarida na likita da likita ya ba mu damar samar da mafi kyawun abun ciki daidai da ilimin likita na yanzu.
An yaba da sadaukarwarmu a wannan yanki, da dai sauransu, ta Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida don Lafiya, wadda ta ba Hukumar Edita ta MedTvoiLokony lambar girmamawa ta Babban Malami.
Ga wasu, rigakafin hana haihuwa ƙirƙira ce da ta dace da gano Copernicus. Wasu kuma na ganin shi ne ya haddasa rikicin al’umma a Turai. Akwai waɗanda suka ɗauke shi kayan aikin zunubi ne na Shaiɗan. Kwayar hana daukar ciki tana bikin cika shekaru 50 da haihuwa kuma tana yin kyau.
Matsayi da yawa na rigakafin hana haihuwa
Shigowar kwayar hana daukar ciki ba wai kawai wata dabarar likitanci ba ce. An kuma danganta shi da sauya matsayin mata a cikin al'umma. Kamar yadda masana mata suka jaddada, matar ta daina mu'amala da haihuwa da renon yara kawai. Ta sami damar ilimantar da kanta tare da haɓaka sana'arta. Hakanan za ta iya samun gamsuwa daga jima'i ba tare da haɗarin ciki mara so ba. Har ila yau, buƙatun maganin hana haihuwa mai inganci ya ƙaru tare da tabbatar da cewa bai isa a haifi ɗa ba, har ila yau wajibi ne a kawo shi a ilmantar da shi, wanda ke buƙatar lokaci da kuɗi. Duk da haka, masu adawa da kwayar cutar har yanzu sun yi imanin cewa hanya ce da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar hana haihuwa.
- Idan mutum zai daidaita da yanayin yanayi, zai yi jima'i da farko a cikin lokacin haihuwa na mace, wanda mafi kyawun lokacin yin ciki a karon farko zai kasance shekaru 16 - in ji Farfesa Romuald Dębski, Shugaban Asibitin Bielański na Warsaw na Biyu na Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics. – Likitan ya rage tasirin yanayi a rayuwar dan Adam ta yadda a yau zai zama munafunci a ce babu gilashi, maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ko dashe – ya kara da cewa.
Tarihin hana haihuwa
Mutane a zamanin dā sun ga alaƙa tsakanin jima’i da haihuwar yara. Sai dai ba su sani ba, za a iya samun juna biyu a wani lokaci a cikin al'adar mace. Don haka rigakafin haihuwa na da ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan hana maniyyi shiga cikin mace. An fara lura da tasiri akan dabbobi da farko.
Shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata, Badawiyyawa, kafin ayari su tashi zuwa jeji, su kan sanya duwatsu a cikin mahaifar rakuma, don kada su yi ciki a cikin doguwar tafiya. A cikin papyri na kasar Masar daga shekaru 4000 da suka gabata, an gano cewa an umurci mata da su sanya wani najasar kada da aka hada da kullu.
Mata ‘yan asalin kasar Ostireliya sun cire maniyyi daga al’aura ta hanyar yin motsi da karkarwa. Tsohon Helenawa sun ba da shawarar squat sneezing bayan jima'i, kuma "mahaifin magani" Hippocrates ya kasance mai goyon bayan wanke farji tare da rafi na fitsari. Mahaifin kwaroron roba na zamani shine likitan Italiya na ƙarni na XNUMX Gabriele Falloppe. Kwaroron roba na farko an yi su ne daga hanjin dabbobi, mafitsara na kifaye, kuma a Amurka daga fatun maciji. Kafin yakin duniya na biyu, likitan Jamus Ernest Grafenberg ya sanya abin da ake kira "Grafenberg zobba" wanda ya ƙunshi azurfar Jamusanci (garin azurfa tare da jan karfe). Ƙungiyar mata ta Jamus ta yi Allah wadai da aikin majagaba na Grafenberg, wanda ya tilasta masa yin hijira zuwa Amurka.
Estrogen da progesterone a cikin maganin hana haihuwa
- Wani muhimmin abu a cikin tarihin rigakafin haihuwa shine gano kwayoyin hormones da suka danganci yanayin haila - mafi rinjayen estrogen a cikin kashi na farko da kuma progesterone a kashi na biyu - ya bayyana Farfesa Romuald Dębski. An lura cewa mata masu juna biyu da matan da suka yi jima'i tare da rinjaye na progesterone a lokacin sake zagayowar ba su zama taki ba. A cikin XNUMXs a cikin Amurka, Bayahude Gregory Pinkus ya gudanar da bincike kan tasirin hormones da ke daidaita kwai. Ya dauka cewa idan mace ba ta haihu a lokacin daukar ciki, ya zama dole ta haifar da yanayin hormonal a jikinta irin wanda ake samu a lokacin, watau a ba ta progesterone. Tun da farko masanin ilmin halitta dan kasar Austriya Ludwig Haberland ya yiwa mata alluran zomaye da tsantsa daga cikin kwayan zomayen ciki, wanda hakan ya sanya su zama marasa haihuwa. Matsalar ita ce yadda ake samun hormones da muke bukata. An yi amfani da dubunnan kwayan alade don samar da su.
Kwayar hana haihuwa ta farko
An yi imani da cewa masanin ilmin sunadarai, mawaki kuma marubuci Carl Djerassi shine uban maganin hana haihuwa. A matsayinsa na matashin likitan ilmin sinadarai, ya jagoranci wata tawagar kasa da kasa a Amurka, wadda a shekarar 1951 ta kirkiro wani abu na farko da ke da irin wannan tsari da kuma aiki ga kwayoyin halitta na jiki - progesterone. Ya yi amfani da tsire-tsire don samar da shi. Duk da haka, don yin rajistar maganin hana haihuwa, sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar ya zuwa yanzu a cikin dabbobi dole ne a tabbatar da shi a cikin mutane. A cikin Amurka, daga 1873, Dokar Comstock ta hana bincike kan hana haihuwa. A saboda wannan dalili, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na asibiti a cikin kariyar Amurka, inda waɗannan takunkumin ƙuntatawa ba su yi aiki ba - a Puerto Rico.
Lokacin da aka tabbatar da sakamakon, har yanzu dole ne a shawo kan matsalolin tunani. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Amurka sun ɗauki maganin hana haihuwa a matsayin ƙirƙirar ƙirƙirar Kiristanci da Bolshevik don halakar da jama'ar Amurka. Duk da haka, a cikin 1960, an yi rajistar maganin hana haihuwa na farko, Enovid, a Amurka. Jim kadan bayan haka, kamfanonin harhada magunguna 7 na Amurka suka samar da kwayoyin hana haihuwa. A tsakiyar 60s, ƙimar tallace-tallace ya karu da 50%. kowace shekara. A Turai, wanda ya fara sayar da maganin hana haihuwa ita ce Burtaniya a shekara ta 1961. An kai kwayar cutar zuwa Faransa a cikin 1967 kawai.
Masu adawa da hana haihuwa
A farkon 1968, Paparoma Paul VI ya yi Allah wadai da rigakafin hana haihuwa a cikin encyclical Humanae vitae. An kuma gudanar da bincike don tabbatar da illar da amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa ke haifar da karuwar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da sankarar mama. Masu adawa da maganin hana haihuwa na hormonal sun bayyana cewa bai dace da yanayi ba. Farfesa Romuald Dębski ya yarda cewa magungunan hana haihuwa na farko sun yi mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar mata. - Kwayar hana haihuwa ta farko ta ƙunshi 10 MG na progesterone daidai, shirye-shiryen zamani 0,35. Don haka an rage abun ciki kusan sau 30. Bugu da ƙari, shirye-shirye na baya-bayan nan sun kwaikwayi yanayin yanayin yanayin halittar mace - da farko sun saki estradiol, wani hormone mai kama da wanda mace ta samar, sannan kuma daidai da progesterone.
Amintaccen maganin hana haihuwa
- Magungunan hormonal na zamani da aka yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci ba kawai ba su haifar da hadarin ciwon nono ba, amma har ma sun rage hadarin ciwon daji na ovarian, ciwon daji na endometrial - ya bayyana Farfesa Debski. Ya kara da cewa, ba shakka, akwai contraindications, kamar shan taba, wanda, tare da maganin hana haihuwa na hormonal, yana kara hadarin cututtukan zuciya. Mata masu matsalar hanta ko gallbladder ana shawartar su yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na hormonal a cikin nau'i na faci ko zoben farji. Farfesa Mariusz Bidziński, shugaban kungiyar likitocin likitan mata ta Poland, ya kuma yi imanin cewa magungunan hana haihuwa na zamani suna da lafiya muddin mace ta kula da ziyartar likitan mata akai-akai. Dukansu ga mata masu amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na hormonal kuma ba su amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin rigakafin ba, yawan waɗannan ziyarar sau ɗaya ne a shekara.
Amfanin kwayoyin
– Kwayoyin hana daukar ciki sun fi maniyyin amfani ko kwaroron roba – in ji prof. Debski. Masu kera kwayoyin suna ba da kariya kusan 100% daga ciki. To daga ina jariran da ake ciki a lokacin maganin hana haihuwa suka fito? Farfesa Dębski ya bayyana cewa waɗannan lokuta ne da ba kasafai ake samun su ba waɗanda ke faruwa sakamakon shan allunan da ba a saba ba. Mata suna manta shan kwaya. Don haka, yanzu yanayin tarbarsu ya canja. - A yau, samfurin gargajiya na shan kwamfutar hannu 21/7 ya daina aiki, watau yin la'akari da lokutan janyewar mako-mako, lokacin da zubar jini, wanda shine tabbacin rashin ciki ga majiyyaci. Saboda tsananin tasirin magungunan hana haihuwa da kuma samun gwajin ciki, mata ba sa buƙatar irin wannan tabbaci. Madadin haka, ana ba su fakitin kwaya mai ɗauke da allunan 28 don zagayowar kwanaki 28. Allunan 24 daga kunshin sun ƙunshi hormones kuma sauran 4 ba su da aiki na hormonal. Ana gabatar da waɗannan allunan marasa komai, a tsakanin su, don samun majiyyaci amfani da maganin kowace rana - in ji Farfesa Debski.