Columnar apple itacen Amber abun wuya: fasali na noma

Bayani iri-iri

Apples "Amber Necklace" ya kai girma mai iya cirewa a watan Satumba, amma buƙatar mabukaci na 'ya'yan itace yana farawa ne kawai bayan watanni 1-2, don haka ana kiran nau'in hunturu. Halin halayyar wannan itacen apple shine babban hardiness hunturu (an yi nasarar girma har ma a Siberiya), da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa (15-20 kg kowace itace). Kuma duk wannan duk da cewa wannan itacen itacen apple na columnar yana cikin bishiyoyin dwarf - tsayinsa shine kawai 2-2,5 m.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kambi na bishiyar yana da columnar - rassan sun tashi daga gangar jikin a wani kusurwa mai mahimmanci, kuma suna gudu zuwa sama. Gangar yana da kauri, manyan rassan rassan da na gefe suna raguwa, wani lokacin ana maye gurbin su da ringlets. Bawon yana da santsi, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Ganyen suna da sheki, kore mai tsananin gaske, tare da ƴan ƙarami a gefen gefen. Furanni fari ne, manya-manya, masu siffar saucer. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin cikakke suna da kyakkyawan launi mai launin rawaya-amber, wanda, a fili, iri-iri sun sami irin wannan kyakkyawan suna.

Itacen itacen apple yana da kansa - don pollination, ana buƙatar wani iri-iri, tare da lokacin furanni iri ɗaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari yana faruwa da wuri - shekara ta gaba bayan dasa shuki, duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, ba za a yarda da ci gaban ovaries ba, tun da itacen dole ne ya fara karfi. Yawan 'ya'yan itace na al'ada yana farawa tun yana da shekaru 4-5, kuma bayan kimanin shekaru biyu, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya zama barga a matakin akalla 15 kg a kowace itace 1. A kan bishiyar apple, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna rarraba daidai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe girbi.

Halayen 'ya'yan itatuwa

Apples na wannan nau'in suna da matsakaici kuma sama da matsakaicin girman (140-180 g), amma idan akwai 'yan ovaries a kan bishiyar, za su iya girma har zuwa 300 g. Siffar 'ya'yan itace daidai ne, zagaye, dan kadan. Bawon yana da yawa sosai, amma sirara, yana da launin kore-yellow tare da ɗan ja-jaja a gefe ɗaya ko a gungumen. Lokacin da ya girma, apples suna samun launin rawaya mai ban sha'awa.

Bangaren 'ya'yan itacen yana da dusar ƙanƙara-fari, mai ɗanɗano sosai kuma mai ɗanɗano, tare da ɗanɗanon kayan zaki mai daɗi. A cewar wasu masu lambu, apples "Amber Necklace" na iya zama a kan rassan na dogon lokaci kuma ba za su fadi ba, a cikin wannan yanayin ɓangaren litattafan almara ya zama mai gaskiya kuma ya fi dadi fiye da yadda aka saba a cikin kwalaye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da kyakkyawar gabatarwa da kuma tsawon lokacin ajiya - fiye da watanni 5, amma a cikin yanayi mai kyau an adana su a cikin aminci kusan har zuwa ƙarshen bazara.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Ya kamata a ce kowane itacen apple na columnar yana da fa'ida bayyananne akan bishiyoyi tare da kambi na yau da kullun, wanda zamu tattauna daga baya.

Karamin kambi. Bishiyoyin apple na wannan nau'in ana bada shawarar dasa su a nesa na mita 0,5 daga juna da 1 m tsakanin layuka. Irin wannan dasa shuki yana da mahimmanci yana adana yanki mai amfani na lambun, tunda ana iya dasa bishiyoyin columnar a wurin bishiyar apple guda ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya dasa itace a kan kowane yanki mara kyau ba tare da damuwa cewa zai haifar da inuwa ga sauran tsire-tsire ba.

Sauƙin kulawa. Rashin kambi yana sauƙaƙe kulawar itace sosai. Yana da sauƙi don fesa, takin, sassauta ƙasa, girbi (babu wani tsani da ake buƙata). Irin wannan itacen apple a zahiri baya buƙatar pruning, kuma a cikin kaka ba ya faɗuwa da yawa kamar daga itacen talakawa.

Farko da m fruiting. Itacen apple na wannan iri-iri yana fara ba da 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki (idan har seedling ya kai shekara 1), amma sau da yawa a cikin gandun daji zaku iya samun seedling mai shekaru ɗaya wanda ya riga ya sami ovaries da yawa.

Yawan amfanin ƙasa. Idan muka kwatanta yawan amfanin ƙasa na itacen apple guda ɗaya tare da columnar, to, yawan amfanin farko, ba shakka, zai fi girma. Amma idan kun yi la'akari da cewa yawancin itatuwan apple na columnar za a iya dasa su a gonar lambun, kuma banda haka, za ku iya zaɓar nau'in nau'i daban-daban tare da lokuta daban-daban, to, yawan amfanin gona zai karu sau da yawa.

kayan ado halaye. Itacen itacen apple na columnar ya dubi kyau sosai, yana da kyau a lokacin lokacin furanni, kuma musamman a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Irin wannan bishiyar za ta yi ado da kowane lambu, duka a cikin rukuni na rukuni da kuma a cikin guda ɗaya. Wasu masu zanen kaya ma suna yin aikin dasa irin waɗannan bishiyoyin apple a tsakiyar abubuwan da ke ƙasa.

Kyakkyawan halayen dandano. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, 'ya'yan itacen apple na "Necklace" suna da kyakkyawan dandano, kuma ana iya cinye su sabo ne duk lokacin hunturu har ma a cikin bazara.

Amma ga shortcomings, su ma wanzu - wannan wani wajen high kudin seedlings da in mun gwada da short fruiting lokaci (15-20 shekaru). Tun daga kusan shekara ta 10 na rayuwa, yawan amfanin bishiyar ya fara raguwa, kuma bayan wasu shekaru 5-7 za a maye gurbin itacen apple.

Bidiyo "Tsarin apple itatuwa"

Wannan bidiyon zai gabatar muku da sabbin nau'ikan itatuwan apple na columnar, da kuma fasahar aikin gona.

Subtlety na namo

Domin itacen apple na columnar ya kasance lafiya kuma ya kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa har tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu, wajibi ne a kula da shi sosai. Babban, kuma mafi mahimmanci mataki a cikin kulawa da nau'in Abun Wuya shine daidaitawar amfanin gona. Itacen yana da haɗari ga samuwar adadi mai yawa na ovaries, wanda kusan ba zai yiwu ba don kawo cikakken balaga.

A cikin shekara ta farko bayan dasa shuki, ya kamata a cire duk furanni daga itacen don kada ya ɓata kuzari akan ripening 'ya'yan itace. A cikin shekara ta biyu, zaka iya barin 'ya'yan itatuwa 5-10, kuma daga shekaru 3-4 zaka iya dogara akan girbi.

Ana aiwatar da tsarin daidaitawa a lokacin furanni, sannan kuma, yayin girma na ovary. Tun da bishiyar ta yi fure sosai, zaku iya cire rabin furanni cikin aminci, barin bouquets 2 akan kowane zobe. Lokacin da ovaries suka bayyana akan itacen apple, wajibi ne a sake cire kusan rabin mafi rauni da ƙananan ovaries. Idan kuna son cimma girman girman apples (200-300 g), to zaku iya barin manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa sama da 1-2 a cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya, sannan cire sauran.

Tun da tushen wannan bishiyar apple yana kusa da saman ƙasa, kuma an hana shi sassautawa, hanya ɗaya tilo don kula da lafiyar tushen tsarin da bishiyar gabaɗaya ita ce shuka ciyawa a cikin da'irar gangar jikin. Wannan taron yana sauƙaƙe kulawar bishiyar, babban abu shine shuka ciyawa akan lokaci. A saman irin wannan lawn, ana iya yin ruwa, ana iya amfani da takin mai magani. Game da watering, wannan nau'in ya fi son drip ban ruwa, da kuma yayyafa kusan lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 3 a lokacin rani.

Ana ciyar da itatuwan apple sau 3-4 a kowace kakar: farkon suturar farko a ƙarshen Afrilu (urea 20 g / 1 sq M.), na biyu - kafin fure (mullein ruwa 1 kg / 10 l na ruwa), na uku - a lokacin rani, a lokacin ci gaban ovaries (ash 200 g / 1 sq.m.). A cikin kaka, ana rufe humus 5 kg / 1 sq M. a cikin da'irori na kusa da gangar jikin. A lokuta da yawa, harbe-harbe na gefe suna tasowa akan itacen apple - wannan na iya faruwa idan itacen ya yi rashin lafiya. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar pruning na sakamakon harbe zuwa tsayin 15-20 cm. Tun da girma na bishiyar ya dogara da toho apical, yana da muhimmanci a kula da hankali cewa bai lalace ba.

Cututtuka da kwari

An yi la'akari da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i). Alal misali, irin wannan itacen apple ba shi da wuyar kamuwa da naman gwari, tun da kambinsa ba ya haifar da inuwa da danshi. Musamman, nau'in Abun Wuya ana ɗaukarsa mai juriya ga scab da matsakaicin juriya ga mildew powdery. Duk da haka, wasu cututtuka (baƙar fata ko na kowa ciwon daji, mosaic, tsatsa, kwayar cutar tabo) itacen yana fuskantar sau da yawa.

Yawancin lambu a farkon bazara da kaka suna kula da bishiyoyin apple tare da ruwa na Bordeaux don rigakafi, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan ya isa ya hana shuka daga rashin lafiya. Amma idan, duk da haka, itacen yana fama da cututtuka, to dole ne a fesa shi da fungicides ("Nitrafen", jan karfe ko sulfate na ƙarfe).

Daban-daban Abun Wuya ba sau da yawa kwari suna kai hari. Ana iya tabbatar da wannan ta ko da, ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa, waɗanda kusan ba su taɓa lalacewa ba. Codling moths, daban-daban leafworms, apple asu, sawflies, suckers da sauran butterflies da caterpillars ne quite rare baƙi na wannan apple itacen. Kwarin da aka gani akan bishiyoyi shine aphids.

Don kawar da kwari, ana ba da shawarar magani tare da maganin urea, maganin kwari (Karbofos, Chlorophos, Spark, Decis), duk da haka, irin waɗannan matakan suna da mahimmanci idan ginshiƙan waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun ninka cikin bishiyar. Tare da ƙaramin yanki, ana magance matsalar tare da taimakon ruwa na Bordeaux iri ɗaya ko magungunan jama'a: maganin sabulun wanki (40 g) tare da taba (500 g), yarrow (700-800 g), ko ash (kofuna 3). ). Sabulu da aka murƙushe da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke sama ana zuba su a cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi, an ba da su na tsawon kwanaki 2-3, bayan haka an fesa bishiyoyi tare da bayani.

Bidiyo "Bishiyar apple na columnar akan tushen tushen dwarf"

Wannan bidiyon zai gaya muku dalilin da yasa ya fi kyau shuka itacen apple na columnar akan tushen tushen dwarf. Za ku koyi game da nau'ikan apple-ginshiƙan, dasa shuki da kula da su.