Mahaifa, ko kuma mahaifa (daga Latin, wuyansa, mahaifa), gabobi ne na tsarin haihuwa na mace. Ya dace da ƙananan ɓangaren mahaifa kuma yana haɗa ɓangaren sama na mahaifa zuwa farji.

Wuri Ƙwayar mahaifa ita ce mafi ƙanƙantaccen ɓangaren mahaifa, wanda yake a ƙashin ƙugu, gaban dubura, da bayan mafitsara. Yana haɗa ɓangaren sama na mahaifa, jiki, zuwa farji.

Tsarin. Tare da tsawon 3 zuwa 4 cm, mahaifa ta ƙunshi sassa biyu (1):

• Ecocervix, wanda shine ɓangaren waje na mahaifa kuma yana cikin saman farji.
• Endocervix, wanda yayi daidai da ɓangaren ciki na mahaifa kuma ya zama canal na endocervical. Wannan magudanar ruwa ta ci gaba har zuwa gindin isthmus, wurin rabuwa tsakanin mahaifa da jikin mahaifa.

Yankin wucewa yana wanzu tsakanin waɗannan ɓangarorin biyu, wanda ake kira yankin haɗin gwiwa ko mahaɗin squamocolumnar.

Manufar ƙura. A cikin endocervix, ƙwayoyin columnar, waɗanda suma glandular suke, suna samarwa da sakin gamsai. A lokacin zagayowar haila da kuma lokacin daukar ciki, wannan gamsai ya kasance mai kauri don haifar da katanga ga maniyyi da wasu kwayoyin cuta. Sabanin haka, a lokacin ovulation, ƙudurin ya zama siriri don ba da damar maniyyi ya wuce.

Hawan haila. Ya ƙunshi saitunan gyare -gyare na kayan aikin al'aurar mata don samun damar samun kwai. Idan babu hadi, endometrium, rufin jikin mahaifa, ya lalace kuma an kwashe shi ta cikin mahaifa sannan ta cikin farji. Wannan sabon abu yayi daidai da lokacin haila.

bayarwa. Mahaifa tana fadadawa yayin haihuwa domin jariri ya iya wucewa.

Dysplasia na mahaifa. Dysplasias sune raunin da ya faru. Mafi yawan lokuta suna haɓakawa a yankin mahada. Daga baya, suna faɗaɗa a ɓangarorin biyu a matakin ectocervix da endocervix.

Human papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus (HPV) cuta ce da ake kamuwa da ita ta hanyar jima'i da ke wanzuwa ta hanyoyi daban -daban. Wasu na iya haifar da lahani mara kyau a cikin mahaifa. Wasu suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka raunin raunin da ya faru, wanda aka sani da yuwuwar oncogenic ko “babban haɗari” papillomavirus ɗan adam (3).

Ciwon mahaifa Ciwon sankarar mahaifa na iya bayyana lokacin da raɗaɗɗen raunuka suka shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.

Magungunan tiyata. Dangane da illolin cutar da ci gabanta, ana iya yin aikin tiyata kamar cire wani ɓangare na mahaifa (conization).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, far da aka yi niyya. Magungunan ciwon daji na iya ɗaukar nau'in chemotherapy, radiotherapy ko ma magani da aka yi niyya.

Binciken jiki. Farkon jin zafi yana farawa tare da gwajin asibiti don tantance halayen ciwon da alamun da ke tare.

Colposcopy. Wannan binciken yana ba da damar lura da bangon mahaifa.4

Biopsy. Ya ƙunshi samfurin nama kuma ana yin shi a ƙarƙashin colposcopy.

Pap shafawa. Ya ƙunshi ɗaukar sel daga matakin babba na farji, ectocervix da endocervix.

Gwajin gwajin HPV. Ana yin wannan gwajin don yin gwajin cutar papilloma ɗan adam.

Tun daga 2006, ana samun allurar rigakafin kamuwa da cuta saboda ɗan adam papillomavirus. An sami wannan ci gaban likitanci saboda aikin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Harald zur Hausen, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel na magani a 2008 (5). Bayan sama da shekaru 10 na bincike, ya yi nasarar nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin cututtukan da papillomavirus ɗan adam ke haifarwa da faruwar cutar kansa.