Cavernoma cuta ce ta wasu jijiyoyin jini. Mafi yawan lokuta shine cavernoma na kwakwalwa, ko cavernoma intracranial. Yawanci ba ya haifar da wata alama amma yana iya haifar da rikice -rikice iri -iri ciki har da ciwon kai, ciwon kai da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki. Za a iya yin tiyata a lokuta mafi tsanani.

Ma'anar cavernoma

Cavernoma, ko cavernous angioma, cuta ce ta jijiyoyin jini da ke faruwa musamman a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Ƙarshen ya ƙunshi kwakwalwa, cerebellum da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke ƙaruwa ta cikin kashin baya zuwa cikin kashin baya. Don tabbatar da aiki da wannan tsarin, ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar hanyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Wasu lokuta wasu daga cikin waɗannan jijiyoyin jini suna da abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Suna faɗaɗawa suna taɓarɓarewa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin ƙananan ramuka, "ramuka" ko cavernomas.

A takaice, cavernoma yana kama da ƙwallan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini. Siffar sa gaba ɗaya na iya zama abin tunawa da rasberi ko blackberry. Girman cavernomas na iya bambanta daga fewan milimita zuwa centan santimita.

Kalmar likitanci “cavernoma” galibi ana danganta ta da cavernoma na kwakwalwa wanda shine mafi yawan tsari. Akwai wasu 'yan wasu lokuta na musamman kamar medullary cavernoma wanda ke faruwa a cikin kashin baya, da cavernoma portal wanda ke faruwa a waje da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.

Sanadin cavernoma

Har yanzu ba a fahimci asalin cavernomas ba har yau. Duk da haka an gano wasu abubuwan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Misali, bincike ya sa ya yiwu a rarrabu da sifofi biyu na jijiyoyin kwakwalwa:

• nau'in familial wanda zai kasance saboda maye gurbi na ƙwayoyin halittu guda uku (CCM1, CCM2 da CCM3), zai wakilci kashi 20% na lokuta kuma zai haifar da kasancewar cavernomas da yawa tare da haɗarin haɗarin rikice -rikice;
• siffar ɓarna, ko ba dangi ba, wanda baya gabatar da mahallin iyali kuma yana haifar da cavernoma gaba ɗaya.

Cavernoma ganewar asali

Ana lura da kasancewar cavernoma na kwakwalwa akan sakamakon binciken hoton maganadisu (MRI). Kwararren kiwon lafiya na iya yin odar angiogram don bincika tasoshin jini da gwajin kwayoyin halitta don tabbatar da asalin gado.

Gano cavernoma galibi ana yin sa ne da gangan saboda wannan ɓarna gaba ɗaya ba a lura da ita. A wasu kalmomi, yawancin lokuta na cavernomas ba a gano su ba.

Mutanen da cavernoma ya shafa

Cavernoma na kwakwalwa na iya faruwa a cikin maza da mata a kowane zamani, kodayake yana bayyana ya fi yawa tsakanin shekarun 20 zuwa 40.

Adadin kararrakin cavernoma yana da wuyar kimantawa, saboda rashin alamun a cikin mafi yawan lokuta. Dangane da karatu da yawa, cavernomas na kwakwalwa yana damuwa da kusan 0,5% na yawan jama'a. Suna wakiltar tsakanin 5% zuwa 10% na lalacewar jijiyoyin bugun gini.

A cikin kashi 90% na lokuta, ba a lura da alamun cutar ba. Cavernoma yawanci ba a kula da shi har tsawon rayuwa. An gano shi ba zato ba tsammani yayin gwajin hoton hoton maganadisu (MRI).

A wasu lokuta, cavernoma na kwakwalwa na iya bayyana kansa musamman ta:

• farfaɗiyar farfaɗiya, tare da yuwuwar tsakanin 40 zuwa 70%;
• rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki tare da yuwuwar tsakanin 35 zuwa 50%, wanda zai iya zama musamman dizziness, hangen nesa biyu, asarar hangen nesa da rikicewar hankali;
• ciwon kai tare da yuwuwar 10-30%;
• wasu alamomi kamar bayyanar jajayen fata a fata.

Zubar jini shine babban haɗarin cavernoma. Yawancin lokaci, zub da jini yana cikin cavernoma. Koyaya, yana iya faruwa a waje da cavernoma kuma yana haifar da zubar jini a kwakwalwa.

Matakan hanyoyin kariya

Idan ba a sami alamun cutar ba kuma ba a gano haɗarin rikitarwa ba, matakan kariya kawai ake ɗauka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da guje wa girgiza kai da sassauta zagayar jini. Za a iya rubuta magungunan da ke rage jini.

Magungunan Symptomatic

A yayin bayyanar cututtuka, ana iya ba da jiyya don sauƙaƙe su. Misali :

• maganin rigakafin farfaɗiya idan an samu tashin hankali;
• masu rage zafin ciwon kai.

Neurosurgery

Maganin kawar da cavernoma kawai shine tiyata. Wannan babban aikin tiyata ana yin la’akari da shi ne kawai a cikin mawuyacin hali.

Radiosurgery

Za'a iya yin la'akari da wannan hanyar aikin radiotherapy don ƙanana da / ko marasa aiki. Ya dogara ne akan amfani da katako na radiation a cikin hanyar cavernoma.

Har yanzu ba a fahimci asalin cavernomas ba. An ce lokuta da yawa suna da asali na asali. A zahiri, ba za a iya kafa wani matakin kariya ba.