Burbot: bayanin, wurin zama, abinci da halaye na kifi

Burbot wakili ne na musamman na tsari irin na cod na dangin cod, wanda ke da ƙimar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci. Bambance-bambancen kifin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa burbot ne kaɗai daga cikin tawagarsa (Gadiformes) waɗanda suka sami wurin zama na musamman a cikin ruwa mai daɗi. Sai kawai lokaci-lokaci kuma na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ana iya samun burbot a cikin yankunan da ba su da ruwa na teku, inda salinity ba ya wuce 12%.

Bisa ga rabe-rabe na duniya, burbot ya bambanta ba kawai domin shi ne kawai wakilin ruwa a cikin tsari ba, amma kuma shine kawai burbot a cikin jinsin. A cikin kifi, bisa ga rabe-rabe iri ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 3:

• Lotta Lotta;
• Lota lota leptura;
• Lota lota maculousa.

Nau'in na farko sun sami wurin zama a cikin ruwan ruwan Asiya da Turai kuma ana kiran su burbot na kowa. Nau'i na biyu a ƙarƙashin sunan shine burbot mai bakin ciki, wanda mazauninsa ke cikin ruwan sanyi na arewacin kogin Kanada - Mackenzie, kogin Siberiya, ruwan Arctic yana wanke bakin tekun Alaska. Nau'i na uku yana da yawan jama'a kawai a cikin ruwan Arewacin Amurka.

Siffofin nau'in da bayaninsa

Appearance

Hoto: www.wildfauna.ru

Matsakaicin mutum yana da tsayin jiki wanda bai wuce 1 m ba, yayin da nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 25. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi nawa ne mafi girman samfurin da aka kama ya auna, yawancin wallafe-wallafen kan layi sun amsa cewa kifi ne mai nauyin kilogiram 31 mai tsayin jiki 1,2 m, hoton da ke tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar ba a kiyaye shi ba.

Mutane da yawa anglers suna da'awar cewa burbot yana kama da kifi, amma wannan shine kawai kallon farko, tun da bambance-bambancen suna da mahimmanci. Ana bayyana kamanceceniya ne kawai ta hanyar zagaye da elongated, siffar jikin da aka matse a kaikaice, wanda yake daidai da kifin kifi. Ƙananan ma'auni da ke rufe dukkan jikin kifin a hade tare da ƙumburi suna kare shi daga caudal fin zuwa murfin gill, yana kawar da lalacewa da hypothermia.

Lafaffen kai tare da muƙamuƙi na sama mai tsayi yana sa shi kama da siffar pelengas. Wuce guda ɗaya tana kan haƙar kifin, kuma wasu barasa guda biyu suna a gefen biyu na babban muƙamuƙi.

Dangane da wurin zama, wato launi na ƙasan tafki, launi na jiki ya bambanta daga zaitun zuwa baki, tare da tabo da ratsi masu yawa. Launi na matasa koyaushe duhu ne, kusan baki, wanda ke ba da damar soya don guje wa mutuwa da wuri daga haƙoran macijin kogi. Burbot yana rayuwa a matsakaita har zuwa shekaru 15, amma wasu samfuran suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 24. Wannan nau'in yana da babban bambanci sosai a nauyi, kai da girman jiki a cikin mata da maza, mata koyaushe suna da girma sosai, tare da girman jiki, amma ƙarancin duhu.

Habitat

Ruwa mai sanyi da tsabta, da kuma kasancewar ƙasa mai dutse, sune manyan abubuwan da ke nuna kasancewar kifin. Lokacin neman burbot ganima, suna ƙoƙarin nemo wani yanki na kogin tare da rami mai zurfi, a cikinsa ne za a sami kofin da ake so, sau da yawa yana iya zama wurare tare da ciyayi na bakin teku, ambaliyar ruwa.

A ƙarshen bazara kuma tare da farkon lokacin bazara, a gare ni - wannan wani suna ne don shi, rayuwa ta fara farawa, wanda ke tilasta kifin ya zauna a tsakanin masu sanya dutse a zurfin zurfi ko a cikin rami na bakin teku, kuma kawai a. dare yayi ya tafi farautar ruff.

Tare da farkon lokacin zafi, ƙananan yana da matukar damuwa, ba zai iya jure wa karuwar zafin ruwa ba, yayi ƙoƙari ya ɓoye a wurare masu sanyi ko ma shiga cikin ƙasan ƙasa.

Hoto: www. interesnyefakty.org

Diet

Tushen abincin burbot ya hada da minnows, perch, roach, kananan ruff da crucian irin kifi, da kuma abincin da aka fi so: crayfish mai tsayi, kwari, tsutsa kwari, tadpoles.

Dangane da lokacin shekara, kuma, daidai da haka, tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa, abubuwan da nake so na abinci suna fuskantar canje-canje. A cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, mafarautan mu, ba tare da la’akari da shekaru ba, yana farautar mazauna ƙasa, galibi ta hanyar crustaceans da tsutsotsi. Tare da farkon sanyi na kaka, har zuwa sanyi na hunturu, sha'awar ci na karuwa, wanda ke nufin cewa girman ganima a cikin nau'i na kifi yana girma, girmansa ya kai kashi uku na tsawonsa.

Ciyarwa

Lokacin balaga a cikin maza yana faruwa a baya fiye da mata, a mafi yawan lokuta yana faruwa a lokacin da ya kai shekaru 4 kuma nauyin mutum bai gaza 0,5 kg ba.

A lokacin lokacin kaka-hunturu, daga lokacin da ƙanƙara ke fitowa a saman ruwayen, kifayen suna fara ƙaura mai tsayi zuwa wurin haifuwa. Ƙasar da aka zaɓa da na zaɓa tana da alaƙa da kasancewar masu sanya dutse a ƙasa. Don sedentary lacustrine nau'in burbot, barin tafkin don haifuwa ba shi da karɓa; ya fi son matsawa zuwa wuri mai zurfi tare da kasancewar masu sanya dutse don zubar da ciki.

Haifuwa yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 3 daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, lokacin haifuwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin yankin da kifi ke rayuwa. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ruwa don haifuwa 1-4⁰C, a cikin yanayin narke, lokacin haifuwa yana jinkirta, kuma tare da yawan sanyi mai tsayi, haifuwa ya fi aiki.

Digon kitse mai lullube kwai mai diamita har zuwa mm 1, wanda na yanzu ya ɗauke shi, yana faɗowa a ƙasa mai dutse, yana faɗo tsakanin gutsuttsuran dutse kuma ana shuka shi a can na tsawon wata ɗaya zuwa 2,5. Lokaci na lokacin shiryawa, da kuma tsawon lokacin haifuwa, ya dogara da tsarin zafin jiki. Matar, a lokacin haifuwa ɗaya kawai, tana iya share qwai sama da miliyan 1.

A ƙarshen lokacin shiryawa, wanda ya dace da lokacin da farkon ambaliya, burbot fry ya bayyana daga ƙasan Layer. Wadannan yanayi suna da mummunar nunawa a cikin adadin tsira na soya, tun da yawancin su suna shiga cikin ruwan da aka yi ambaliya, kuma tare da ƙarshen ambaliya suna mutuwa yayin da ruwan ya ragu.

Rarrabawa

Western Turai

Zoben dawafi na wurin zama na burbot ya sami latitude inda koguna suke da baki a cikin Tekun Arctic.

Kifi na kowa a cikin ruwa da ke kewaye da Tsibirin Biritaniya, koguna da tafkuna a Belgium, Jamus ta ƙare a cikin shekarun 70s saboda kamun kifi na masana'antu marasa tunani. A halin yanzu, an samar da wani shiri na maido da al’ummar burbot a yankunan da ke sama.

Hoto: www.megarybak.ru

A cikin ruwa mai tsabta a cikin Netherlands, burbot ba banda ba, a nan kuma yana cikin haɗari. A da, garken kifi da yawa da ke zaune a cikin koguna da tafkuna:

• Bisbohse;
• Volkerake;
• Krammare;
• IJsselmeer;
• Ketelmer,

sun rasa girman yawan jama'arsu na baya kuma suna ƙarƙashin sakewa. A cikin gawawwakin ruwa na Italiya, Faransa, Austria, Switzerland, mafi kyawun yanayi sun haɓaka don kiyaye nau'ikan, yawan jama'a yana da kwanciyar hankali musamman a cikin koguna da tafkunan Switzerland.

Arewacin Turai

Kodayake a baya yawan burbot yana da yawa a cikin koguna da tafkunan Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Sweden, Finland da Norway, a cikin 90s ya fara raguwa sosai. A cikin rahotannin masu fafutukar kare muhalli, an yi kiyasin alkaluman raguwar yawan jama'ar burbot, an samu raguwar adadin a koguna da tafkunan Finland da Sweden.

Masana kimiyya sun danganta wannan yanayin da eutrophication (lalacewar ruwa), da kuma karuwa a cikin nau'in kifin da ba a san su ba (baƙi), saboda abin da ake maye gurbin burbot a matsayin nau'in asali na waɗannan ruwaye. Manyan makiyan iyali sun hada da:

• Perch;
• Harshen;
• Roach;
• Gudgeon.

Kodayake nau'in kifin da aka jera ba zai iya cutar da manyan mutane na burbot ba, sun sami nasarar cin caviar da zuriya masu girma.

gabashin Turai

Ga Slovenia, manyan koguna da tafkuna inda mafi yawan jama'a na burbot suke:

• Kogin Drava;
• Lake Cerknica.

A cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, ana iya samun irin wannan nau'in kifi a cikin koguna:

• Oh zo;
• Morova.

Saboda ka'idojin kogunan Gabashin Turai, raguwar ingancin ruwa a cikin su, burbot ya zama bako da ba kasafai ba a cikin masunta. Don haka a Bulgaria, Hungary da Poland, an gane wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) kuma hukumomin Slovenia sun ci gaba da ci gaba da kare nau'in jinsin, kuma sun yanke shawarar hana kamawa.

Hoto: www.fishermanblog.ru

Rasha Federation

A cikin ƙasarmu, wannan nau'in ya yadu a cikin hanyar sadarwa na koguna da tafkunan da ke cikin raƙuman ruwa masu zuwa:

• Baƙi;
• Kasifiyan;
• Fari;
• Baltic

Yankunan zafin jiki da na arctic sun haifar da duk yanayi don haɓakar jin daɗin jama'a a cikin kogin Siberiya:

• Ob;
• Anadyr;
• makiyaya;
• Hatanga;
• Yalu;
• Oz Zaisan;
• Oz Teletskoye;
• Oz Baikal.