Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don tabbatar da ciki: gwajin ciki na fitsari, ana samun ta a kantin magani, kantin magani da manyan kantuna, da gwajin ciki na jini da aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Idan aka fuskanci jarrabawar asibiti da ke haifar da shakku game da ciki ko gabatar da alamar gargaɗi, likita na iya rubuta adadin maganin hCG, wanda za a sake biya.

Wannan ingantaccen gwajin ya dogara ne akan gano hormone hCG a cikin jini. Wannan “hormone na ciki” kwai ne ke ɓoye shi da zarar an dasa shi, lokacin da ya manne da bangon mahaifa. Na tsawon watanni 3, hCG zai ci gaba da aiki na corpus luteum, karamin gland wanda zai iya ɓoye estrogen da progesterone, mai mahimmanci don ci gaba mai kyau na ciki. Matsayin hCG ya ninka kowane sa'o'i 48 a cikin makonni na farko na ciki don isa iyakarsa a kusa da mako na goma na amenorrhea (10 WA ko 12 makonni na ciki). Sannan yana raguwa da sauri don isa tudu tsakanin 16 da 32 AWS.

Ƙwararren hCG na jini yana ba da alamu guda biyu: wanzuwar ciki da kuma ci gaba mai kyau bisa ga ƙididdiga na juyin halitta. Na tsari:

• samfurori biyu aÌ € 'yan kwanaki baya nuna haɓaka matakan hCG suna shaida abin da ake kira ciki mai ci gaba.
• raguwar matakan hCG na iya ba da shawarar ƙarshen ciki (ɓacewar ciki).
• Ci gaban matakan hCG marasa kulawa (biyu, faɗuwa, tashi) na iya zama alamar ciki na ectopic (GEU). Gwajin hCG na plasma shine ainihin gwajin GEU. A yanke-kashe darajar 1 mIU / ml, rashin hangen nesa na jakar intrauterine akan duban dan tayi yana ba da shawarar GEU mai ƙarfi. Ƙarƙashin wannan bakin kofa, duban dan tayi ba shi da cikakken bayani, maimaituwar gwaje-gwajen bayan jinkiri na sa'o'i 500 a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya yana ba da damar kwatanta ƙimar. Tsayawa ko raunin ci gaba na ƙimar yana haifar da GEU ba tare da tabbatar da shi ba. Duk da haka, ci gaba na al'ada (rauni na ƙimar a 48 hours) baya kawar da GEU (48).

A gefe guda, matakin hCG baya ƙyale amintaccen kwanan wata na ciki. Kawai abin da ake kira Dating ultrasound (na farko duban dan tayi a makonni 12) yana ba da damar yin hakan. Hakanan, yayin da matakin hCG yakan fi girma a cikin masu juna biyu da yawa, babban matakin hCG ba shine abin dogaro ba na kasancewar ciki tagwaye (2).

A lokacin shawarwarin ciki na farko (kafin makonni 10), ana wajabta gwajin jini 4:

• Ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar jini da Rhesus (ABO; Rhesus da Kell phenotypes). Idan babu katin rukuni na jini, dole ne a ɗauki samfurori biyu.
• Neman Agglutinins marasa daidaituwa (RAI) don gano yiwuwar rashin daidaituwa tsakanin uwa mai zuwa da tayin. Idan binciken ya tabbata, ganowa da titration na ƙwayoyin rigakafi ya zama dole.
• gwajin syphilis ko TPHA-VDLR. Idan gwajin ya tabbata, magani na tushen penicillin zai hana sakamako akan tayin.
• gwajin cutar rubella da toxoplasmosis a cikin rashin rubutattun takardu da ke ba da damar rigakafin da za a yi amfani da su (5). Idan akwai mummunan serology, toxoplasmosis serology za a yi kowane wata na ciki. Idan akwai mummunan cutar rubella serology, serology za a gudanar kowane wata har zuwa makonni 18.

Ana ba da wasu gwaje-gwajen jini bisa tsari; Ba dole ba ne amma an ba da shawarar sosai:

• Gwajin HIV 1 da 2
• gwajin alamomin jini (matakin furotin PAPP-A da hormone hCG) tsakanin makonni 8 zuwa 14. Haɗe da shekarun majiyyaci da auna ma'auni na nuchal translucency na tayin a farkon ciki na duban dan tayi (tsakanin 11 da 13 WA + 6 days), wannan sashi yana ba da damar tantance haɗarin Down's syndrome. ya fi ko daidai da 21/1, za a ba da shawarar amniocentesis ko choriocentesis don nazarin karyotype na tayin. A Faransa, yin gwajin cutar Down ba wajibi ba ne. Lura cewa sabon gwajin gwaji na trisomy 250 ya wanzu: yana nazarin DNA na tayin da ke yawo a cikin jinin mahaifiyar. A halin yanzu ana inganta aikin wannan gwajin tare da ra'ayi don yuwuwar gyare-gyaren dabarun tantancewa na trisomy 21 (21).

A wasu lokuta, ana iya rubuta wasu gwajin jini:

• gwajin cutar anemia idan akwai haɗarin haɗari (rashin isasshen abinci, cin ganyayyaki ko cin ganyayyaki)

Za a ba da umarnin wasu gwaje-gwajen jini yayin daukar ciki:

• gwaji don antigen BHs, shaida ga hepatitis B, a cikin watan 6 na ciki
• adadin jini don duba anemia a cikin watan 6 na ciki

Ko mahaifiyar da za ta kasance tana shirin haihu a ƙarƙashin epidural, tuntuɓar riga-kafi ya zama tilas. Musamman ma, likitan anesthesiologist zai rubuta gwajin jini don gano matsalolin da ke tattare da jini.