Amoeba wata cuta ce da ke yawo cikin walwala a cikin muhalli musamman a cikin ruwa mai datti. Wasu daga cikinsu suna yaduwa a cikin tsarin narkewar jikin mutum. Idan yawancin amoebae ba su da lahani, wasu suna haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani a wasu lokuta. Muna yin lissafi.

Amoeba wata halitta ce ta eukaryotic mai cell guda ɗaya wacce ke cikin rukunin rhizopods. A matsayin tunatarwa, ƙwayoyin eukaryotic suna da alamar kasancewar tsakiya da kwayoyin halitta masu dauke da kwayoyin halitta kuma sun rabu da sauran tantanin halitta ta hanyar membrane phospholidic.

Amoeba suna da pseudopodia, watau kari na cytoplasmic na wucin gadi don motsi da kama ganima. Tabbas, amoeba su ne heterotrophic protozoa: suna kama wasu kwayoyin halitta don ciyar da phagocytosis.

Yawancin amoeba kwayoyin halitta ne masu kyauta: suna iya kasancewa a duk sassan muhalli. Suna jin daɗin yanayi mai ɗanɗano, musamman ruwan dumi wanda zafinsa ya bambanta daga 25 ° C zuwa 40 ° C. Duk da haka, akwai adadin amoebae da ke lalata tsarin narkewar ɗan adam. Yawancin amoeba ba su da cututtuka.

Wasu amoebae suna kwana a cikin sassan jikin mutane yayin da wasu kuma ana samun su a muhallinmu. Ƙananan adadin amoeba ne kawai ke haifar da cututtuka.

Ana yawan samun waɗannan amoebae a cikin gwaje-gwajen parasitology na stool. Kasancewarsu yana nuna gurɓata da ke da alaƙa da haɗarin faecal, amma gabaɗaya ba su da cutar. Daga cikin na ƙarshe, mun sami amoeba na jinsi:

• Entamoeba (hartmanni, coli, polecki, dispar);
• Endolimax nana;
• Iadamoeba (pseudolimax) bütschlii ;
• Dientamoeba fragilis;
• da dai sauransu.

Amebiasis, meningitis, encephalitis, keratitis, pneumo-bronchitis, da dai sauransu, waɗannan cututtukan na iya haifar da amoeba mafi yawan lokuta a cikin ruwa ko abincin da najasa ya gurbata. Waɗannan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan galibi suna da wuya. Mafi sanannun su ne amebiasis na hanji, meningoencephalitis na Naegleria Fowleri da Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Intestinal amibiase (amoebose)

Ambiasis cuta ce mai tsanani ta narkewa da hanta da ke haifar da ita entamoeba histolytica, kawai amoeba na hanji na jinsin Entamoeba mai iya mamaye kyallen takarda kuma ana la'akari da pathogenic.

Amebiasis yana daya daga cikin manyan cututtuka guda uku masu haddasa cututtuka a duniya (bayan zazzabin cizon sauro da bilharzia). Ambiasis ya zama ruwan dare a ciki na wurare masu zafi da kuma intertropical zone. Mafi yawan alamun alamun ana samun su musamman a Indiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Amurka masu zafi.

Kamuwa da cuta ya fi yawa a ciki yara kuma galibi a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kayan aiki don tsaftar gama gari (ƙasashen da ba su da masana'antu). A cikin ƙasashe masu arzikin masana'antu, ya fi shafar matafiya daga yankin da cutar ta yadu.

Lalacewa tana faruwa ta baki, ta hanyar sha gurbataccen abinci ko ruwa ('ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari) ko ta cikintsaka-tsaki na gurɓatattun hannaye. Ana gudanar da yaɗuwar ta hanyar cysts masu juriya da ke ƙunshe a cikin stools waɗanda ke gurɓata yanayin waje.

Mummunan cutar yana faruwa ne saboda takamaiman cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ikonsa na yaduwa cikin kyallen takarda, musamman hanta.

Meningoencephalitis lalacewa ta hanyar Naegleria Fowleri

La meningoencephalitis saboda Naegleria Fowleriba kasafai ba ne: tun 1967, gabaɗaya, an gano cutar sankarau 196 kawai a duniya, ba duka suna da alaƙa da wannan amoeba ba.

Lalacewa na faruwa ta hanyar shakar gurɓataccen ruwa (lokacin iyo alal misali).

Ruwan zafi da aka fitar daga ƙasa daga na'urorin masana'antu, musamman tashoshin wutar lantarki, na cikin haɗari musamman. Lura cewa yara sune abin da aka fi so na amoeba.

Amoeba na shiga ta cikin mucosa na hanci don isa ga kwakwalwa sannan ta girma a can. Cutar da Naegleria Fowleri ke haifarwa tana haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (meningoencephalitis). Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka sune:

• ciwon kai;
• rashin jin daɗi;
• rawar jiki;
• bacci;
• wani lokacin rashin natsuwa.

Cutar na iya yin kisa idan ba a gano ta ba.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Yana da kumburin cornea wanda amoeba Acanthamoeba ke haifarwa, ana yawan samunsa a cikin ƙasa, ƙasa da ruwa (dukkanin ruwan teku da ruwan famfo ko na wuraren shakatawa, da sauransu). Acanthamoeba yana gabatar da kansa a cikin jihohi biyu: a cikin jihar trophozoite da kuma a cikin yanayin cystic, ƙarshen yana tsayayya da matsanancin yanayi don tabbatar da rayuwa.

A cikin kashi 80% na lokuta, cutar tana shafar masu ɗaukar ruwan tabarau. Lallai, na ƙarshe yana haifar da haushi kuma yana iyakance rami inda amoebae zai iya ninka. Sauran 20% damuwa mazauna yankunan da bushe yanayi.

Ana yin rigakafin cutar ta hanyar sakawa a kan cysts na cornea da aka kawo su cikin hulɗa da yatsa mai datti, ruwan tabarau mara kyau ko tsabtace ruwa, ruwa, wani abu mara kyau (bakin ciyawa, tsattsauran itace, da sauransu) , iska mai ƙura, da dai sauransu.

Farkon wannan keratitis yana da alamun jin zafi na jikin waje tare da hawaye, kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar photophobia. Jajayen ido, rage saurin gani, da kumburin ido na kowa. Lokacin da ba a fara magani ba a cikin lokaci da / ko tabbatar da rashin tasiri, zurfin ci gaba na amoebae yana ci gaba da lalacewa ga ɗakin baya, sa'an nan kuma ɗakin bayan gida, retina kuma a ƙarshe mun lura a lokuta masu tsanani na kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa ko dai ta hanyar hematogenous. ko ta hanyar jin tsoro (tare da jijiyar gani).

Dole ne a ƙara gwajin asibiti koyaushe da samfurori idan ana zargin amoeba.

Intestinal amibiase (amoebose)

Da farko, gwajin asibiti yana sanya likita a kan hanya madaidaiciya. Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don tabbatar da ganewar asali ya dogara da wurin da kamuwa da cuta ya kasance:

Ciwon hanji

• Stool nazarin microscopic da enzyme immunoassay a cikin stool;
• Nemo DNA parasite a cikin stool da / ko gwajin serological.

Extra-hanji kamuwa da cuta

• Gwajin hoto da serological ko gwajin warkewa na amebicide.

Meningoencephalitis a cikin Naegleria Fowleri

• Gwajin jiki ;
• Gwaje-gwajen hoto, irin su computed tomography (CT) da magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ana yin su ne don kawar da wasu abubuwan da za su iya haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta, amma ba za su iya tabbatar da cewa amoeba ke da alhakin ba;
• Lumbar huda da kuma nazarin ruwa na cerebrospinal sun tabbatar da ganewar asali;
• Ana iya yin wasu fasahohin a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na musamman kuma ana iya gano amoebae. Wannan shine lamarin, alal misali, tare da biopsy na nama na kwakwalwa.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

• Gwaji da al'adun ɓangarorin corneal;
• Ana tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar yin nazarin yanayin biopsy na cornea, wanda aka yi da Giemsa ko trichrome, da kuma yin al'ada a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na musamman.

Cututtukan da ke haifar da amoeba gabaɗaya na buƙatar magani cikin sauri don guje wa rikitarwa. Maganin gabaɗaya magani ne (antiamibiens, antifungals, maganin rigakafi, da sauransu) kuma wani lokacin tiyata.

Amincewar hanji

Jiyya ta ƙunshi gudanar da maganin antiamoebic mai yaduwa da kuma “lamba” antiamoebic. Rigakafin cutar amebiasis ta dogara ne akan aiwatar da ƙa'idodin tsabtace mutum da na gamayya. Idan babu tallafi, tsinkayen ya kasance mara kyau.

Amebic meningoencephalitis a cikin Naegleria Fowleri

Wannan yanayin ya fi yawan mutuwa. Likitoci sukan yi amfani da haɗin magunguna da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Miltefosine da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin magungunan masu zuwa: amphotericin B, rifampicin, fluconazole ko makamantansu irin su voriconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, azithromycin, da sauransu.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Maganin yana da dama da dama:

• kayayyakin magani kamar propamidine isethionate (a cikin ido saukad), hexomedine, itraconazole;
• hanyoyin tiyata kamar keratoplasty ko cryotherapy.