10 shahararrun gadoji a duniya

Gadar ƙirƙira ce mai ban mamaki. Mutum ya kasance yana so ya bincika yankunan da ba a sani ba, har ma koguna ba su zama cikas a gare shi ba - ya kirkiro gadoji.

Da zarar ya kasance wani tsari na farko wanda ya taimaka wajen shawo kan ƙananan koguna kawai. Duk da haka, tare da ci gaban kimiyya, hanyoyin da aka halitta sun zama mafi rikitarwa. Gadar ta zama ainihin aikin fasaha da abin al'ajabi na injiniya, yana ba ku damar shawo kan mafi girman nisa.

10 Vasco da Gama Bridge (Lisbon, Portugal)

Wannan tsarin shi ne gada mafi tsayi da ke da igiya a Turai, mai tsawon sama da mita dubu 17. Sunan ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa "kaddamar" gada ya zo daidai da bikin cika shekaru 500 na bude hanyar tekun Turai zuwa Indiya.

Gadar Vasco da Gama tana da kyakkyawan tunani. Lokacin ƙirƙirar shi, injiniyoyin sun yi la'akari da yiwuwar mummunan yanayi, girgizar ƙasa har zuwa maki 9, karkatar da ƙasan kogin Tagus har ma da siffar yanayin duniya. Bugu da kari, ginin ba ya keta yanayin muhalli a cikin birni.

A lokacin da ake gina gadar a bakin teku, an kiyaye tsaftar muhalli. Hatta hasken na'urorin hasken wuta yana kunnawa don kada ya faɗo kan ruwa, don haka ba zai dagula yanayin yanayin da ake ciki ba.

9. Old Bridge (Mostar, Bosnia da Herzegovina)

A cikin karni na 15, an raba garin Mostar na Daular Usmaniyya zuwa bankuna 2, wanda aka haɗa kawai ta hanyar gada da aka dakatar da ita ta girgiza. A lokacin ci gaban birnin, ya zama dole a kafa dangantaka mai karfi tsakanin hasumiyai biyu, wanda kogin Neretva ya raba. Sai mazauna garin suka nemi taimakon Sarkin Musulmi.

An kwashe shekaru 9 ana gina tsohuwar gadar. Maginin ya tsara tsarin sirara sosai har mutane suka ji tsoron ko da hawansa. A cewar almara, wanda ya kirkiro aikin ya zauna a karkashin gadar kwana uku da dare uku don tabbatar da amincinsa.

A cikin 1993, lokacin yakin, 'yan bindigar Croatia sun lalata tsohuwar gada. Wannan lamari ya girgiza al'ummar duniya baki daya. A cikin 2004, an sake gina tsarin. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a ninka ɓangarorin na farko da juna, kuma a niƙa tubalan da hannu, kamar yadda aka yi a baya.

8. Harbor Bridge (Sydney, Ostiraliya)

Gadar Harbour, ko, kamar yadda Australiya ke kiranta, "mai rataye", yana daya daga cikin gada mafi tsayi a duniya - 1149 m. An yi shi da karfe, akwai rivets miliyan shida a cikinsa kadai. Gadar Harbour ta kashe wa Ostiraliya tsada. Direbobi suna biyan $2 don tuƙi a kai. Wannan kudi na tafiya ne don kula da gadar.

A Sabuwar Shekarar Hauwa'u ana amfani da shi don nunin pyrotechnic na ban mamaki. Amma abu yana da ban sha'awa ba kawai a cikin hunturu ba - sauran lokacin akwai balaguron balaguro ga masu yawon bude ido a ginin. Tun daga shekaru 10, mutane na iya hawa baka kuma su kalli Sydney daga sama. Yana da cikakken aminci kuma yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar malami.

7. Rialto Bridge (Venice, Italiya)

Daya daga cikin alamomin Venice. A wurinsa, tun daga karni na 12, an gina hanyoyin katako, amma an lalata su saboda tasirin ruwa ko gobara. A cikin karni na 15, an yanke shawarar "tuna da hankali" na gaba. Michelangelo da kansa ya ba da zane-zanensa don sabon gada, amma ba a yarda da su ba.

Af, a cikin tarihin Rialto Bridge, ana yin ciniki akai-akai. Kuma a yau akwai fiye da 20 shagunan kayan tarihi. Abin sha'awa, ko da Shakespeare ya ambaci Rialto a cikin The Merchant of Venice.

6. Gadar Sarkar (Budapest, Hungary)

Wannan gada da ke kan kogin Danube ta haɗu da birane biyu - Buda da Pest. A wani lokaci, ana ɗaukar ƙirar sa a matsayin mu'ujiza ta injiniya, kuma tsawon yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi a duniya. Gine-ginen shine Bature William Clark.

Abin sha'awa shine, an yi wa gadar ado da sassaka-tsalle masu nuna zakuna. Daidai guda sculptures, amma ya fi girma, sa'an nan sanya a cikin Birtaniya.

5. Charles Bridge (Prague, Jamhuriyar Czech)

Wannan ita ce alamar Jamhuriyar Czech, cike da almara da al'adu da yawa, ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan gadoji na dutse a duniya.

Da zarar an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi tsawo - 515 mita. An gano wannan binciken a karkashin Charles IV a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1357 a 5:31. Masana ilmin taurari ne suka zaɓi wannan kwanan wata a matsayin alama mai kyau.

Charles Bridge yana kewaye da hasumiya na Gothic kuma an yi masa ado da mutum-mutumi 30 na tsarkaka. Hasumiyar Tsohuwar Garin, wacce gadar ke kaiwa, na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun gine-ginen Gothic.

4. Brooklyn Bridge (New York, Amurka)

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren tarihi na New York kuma mafi tsufa gadar dakatarwa a Amurka. Tsayinsa shine 1828 m. A lokacin, aikin gadar Brooklyn da John Roebling ya gabatar ya kasance mai girma.

Ginin ya samu rakiyar wadanda suka jikkata. Yohanna ne farkon wanda ya mutu. Dukan iyalin sun ci gaba da kasuwanci. Ginin ya dauki shekaru 13 da dala miliyan 15. Sunayen membobin dangin Roebling sun kasance dawwama a kan tsarin don bangaskiyar su da juriyarsu.

3. Tower Bridge (London, UK)

Alamar Biritaniya ce da za a iya gane ta. Kullum ana tunawa da shi idan aka zo Landan. Ya haɗa da hasumiya mai salon gothic guda biyu da gidan kallo don masu kallo da ke haɗa su. Gadar tana da zane mai ban sha'awa - duka biyun rataye ne da gada. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da ake kiwo, gallery tare da masu yawon bude ido ya kasance a wurin, kuma masu sauraro suna ci gaba da sha'awar kewaye.

2. Ponte Vecchio (Florence, Italiya)

Fassara daga Italiyanci, Ponte Vecchio yana nufin "Tsohuwar Gada". Ya tsufa sosai: an gina shi a tsakiyar karni na 14. Koyaya, Vecchiu har yanzu yana "rayuwa": har yanzu ana siyar da shi sosai.

Har zuwa karni na 16, ana cinikin nama akan Ponte Vecchio, don haka a koyaushe ana yawan zirga-zirga a nan. An ce har sarki ya saurari hirar mutane a lokacin da yake tafiya ta saman corridor na ginin. A yau, ana kiran gadar "zinariya" saboda an maye gurbin wuraren sayar da nama da kayan ado.

1. Gadar Golden Gate (San Francisco, Amurka)

Wannan gadar dakatarwa ita ce alamar San Francisco. Tsayinsa ya kai mita 1970. A lokacin Zinare Rush, jiragen ruwa masu cunkoson jama'a sun tashi zuwa San Francisco, sannan bukatar ta taso don gina hanyar tsallakawa ta al'ada.

Ginin ya kasance mai wahala: girgizar asa na faruwa akai-akai, hazo yana tsayawa lokaci-lokaci, igiyoyin teku masu sauri da gusts na iska suna tsoma baki tare da aiki.

An bude kofar Golden Gate: an dakatar da zirga-zirgar motoci, a maimakon haka, masu tafiya 300 sun wuce kan gadar.

Duk da mummunan yanayi da yanayin girgizar ƙasa, ginin ya tsayayya da komai kuma yana tsaye: a cikin 1989, Ƙofar Golden ko da ta tsira daga girgizar ƙasa na maki 7,1.