WHO: jan nama na haifar da cutar kansa

Yau a duniya akwai sama da mutane miliyan 14 da ke fama da cutar kansa, wanda fiye da rabi ke mutuwa. Amma wannan ba shi ne iyaka ba, saboda a cewar bayanan hukuma, kimanin mutane miliyan 10 ne ke shiga sahun su a duk shekara. Kashi na uku daga cikinsu, a matsayin mai mulkin, koya game da mummunar cuta a cikin matakai na gaba, saboda haka yiwuwar samun cikakken magani daga gare ta ya ragu sosai. Cutar na addabar mutane iri-iri, ciki har da waɗanda suka fito daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Yawancin marasa lafiya na magungunan asibiti suna zaune a Denmark. A al'adance, cutar sankarar mama da sankarar uwar hanji ke kan gaba. Kuma idan a cikin na farkon, ana iya kiyaye abu mafi munin ta hanyar bincike akai-akai, a game da na biyun, ƙin nama. A kowane hali, masana na WHO sun tabbata da wannan.

Game da binciken

A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2015 a Lyon, ma'aikatan Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya sun ba da sanarwa mai ban sha'awa: jan nama da kayan nama suna haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji na hanji, pancreas da kansar prostate a cikin mutane.

An gabatar da wannan sanarwar ta babban aiki. Wasu masana kimiyya 22 ne suka karbe shi. Dukkanin su kwararru ne daga kasashe 10, wadanda aka gudanar a yayin taron Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa (IARC) na Monographs.⁽¹⁾

Dukkansu sun yi nazarin abubuwan da aka samu a lokacin binciken kimiyya. Akwai sama da 1000 daga cikinsu (700 na jan nama da 400 na kayan nama). Su, wata hanya ko wata, sun tabo dangantakar da ke tsakanin adadin abincin da ake ci da aukuwar nau’in cutar kansa guda 12. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da mafi yawan ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya da mazauna tare da abinci daban-daban.⁽²⁾

Abin sha'awa, masana kimiyya suna da shakku game da cutar kanjamau a cikin nama tun kafin wannan aikin kimiyya. Wannan kawai shine yayin karatun ilimin annoba daban-daban, yanzu kuma daga baya sun sami bayanan da ke nuna cewa kasancewar jan nama a cikin abinci har yanzu yana da alaƙa da ƙara haɓaka cikin haɗarin ɓarkewar wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa. Kuma koda kuwa wannan haɗarin ga mutum ƙananan ne, yana iya zama babba tsakanin ɗaukacin ƙasa. Bayan haka, yawan cin nama yana ƙaruwa a hankali koda a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin rayuwa da matsakaiciyar rayuwa.

A sakamakon haka, a wani lokaci a wurin taron an yanke shawarar tsara kimantawa game da cututtukan cututtukan daji na nama da nama, wanda ƙungiyar aiki ta IARC ta ɗauka.⁽³⁾

Game da sakamakon

A cewar masana, jan nama duk nama ne, ko tsokar nama, daga masu shayarwa. Wadannan sun hada da: naman alade, naman sa, akuya, doki, rago, rago.

Kayan nama sune kayan naman da ake samu a lokacin sarrafa nama don haɓaka rayuwar sa ko inganta dandano. Irin wannan aiki na iya zama gishiri, bushewa, kowane nau'in gwangwani. A wasu kalmomi, kayan nama sune naman alade, tsiran alade, tsiran alade, naman gwangwani, wasu kayayyaki ko miya da ke dauke da nama.⁽²⁾

Don tantance cutar kanjamau, masana sunyi amfani da tebur tare da ƙungiyoyi 4 na haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Kayan nama sun shiga Ƙungiyar 1 taken "Carcinogenic zuwa mutane“. Abin sha'awa, wannan rukunin yana ƙunshe da duk abin da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar kansa, kamar yadda yake bayyane ta hanyar sakamakon binciken da ya dace, mafi yawan lokuta annoba ce. Af, taba da asbestos sun faɗa cikin rukuni ɗaya, amma masana sun amsa tambayar shin nama yana da haɗari ga lafiyar jiki kamar abubuwan da ke ƙarshe. Kawai suna da'awar cewa duk abin da ya fada cikin rukunin farko yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da ciwon sankarar hanji kuma akwai tabbaci mai ƙarfi game da hakan.

Jan nama, bi da bi, ya shiga rukuni na 2A «Wataƙila cutar sankara ce ga mutane“. Wannan yana nufin a yayin nazarin ilimin annoba, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa akwai hanyar haɗi tsakanin cin jan nama da ci gaban ƙwayoyin kansa, amma a wannan matakin, saboda ƙarancin shaida, ba za su iya faɗi tabbatacce game da wannan ba . Watau, karatun zai ci gaba.^(4,5)

Hanyar ci gaban ciwon daji

Nan da nan bayan sanarwar sanarwa mai ban sha'awa, mutane suka fara yin tambayoyi, ɗayan da ke da alaƙa da tsarin ci gaban kansa.

Masu binciken har yanzu suna kokarin tabbatar da yadda naman ke haifar da ci gaban kwayoyin halittar kansa, kodayake suna da wata fahimta. Mai yiwuwa, batun yana cikin naman kansa, daidai, a cikin abubuwan da ya ƙunsa. Jan nama shine tushen haemoglobin… Na karshen shine furotin polymer na musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi ɓangaren furotin da ɓangaren baƙin ƙarfe (heme). A cikin hadaddun halayen sunadarai, yana rushewa cikin hanji, yana samar da nitro mahadi. Irin waɗannan matakai suna lalata mucosa na hanji, sakamakon abin da tsarin maƙallan ke haifar ta atomatik daga sel masu makwabtaka.

Daga mahangar kimiyya, duk wani maimaitawa babbar yuwuwar kuskure ne a cikin DNA na tantanin halitta mai tasowa da matakin farko zuwa ciwon daji. Kuma wannan duk da cewa kayan naman na iya riga sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ke ƙara haɗarin haɓaka ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Tsarin dafa nama yana kara tsananta yanayin. Yawan zafin jiki daga gasa ko barbecuing shima zai iya taimakawa wajen samuwar carcinogens a cikin nama.

A lokaci guda, wasu juzu'in suma suna neman tabbaci:

• wasu masana kimiyya suna da cikakken dalili na gaskata cewa ƙarfe ne ke haifar da ci gaban mummunar cuta;
• wasu kuma sun dage kan cewa kwayoyin cutar da ke zaune a cikin hanji ne ke da laifi.

Ala kulli hal, ba wai kawai ingancin naman ba ne, yawa ne. ⁽⁵⁾

karshe

Idan aka taƙaita dukkan abubuwan da ke sama, masana sun mai da hankali akan gaskiyar cewa:

• Kawai 50 g na kayan namaana cin sa a kowace rana yana kara barazanar kamuwa da ciwon daji na hanji da kashi 18%, kuma wannan hujja ce ta kimiyya. Yana da wahala a iya cewa komai game da matsakaicin adadin jan nama da aka ci, yayin da bincike a wannan yankin ke ci gaba, amma hankali ya nuna cewa 100 g na samfurin kawai ya isa don kara barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansa da kashi 17%.
• A cewar bayanan aikin “Nauyin duniya na cuta"A duk shekara a duniya kimanin mutane dubu 34 ne ke mutuwa daga cutar sankarau, abin da ya fusata ta hanyar amfani da nama akai-akai. Dangane da jan nama kuwa, masana sun yi nuni da cewa yana iya kashe mutane dubu 50 daga cutar daji a shekara. Tabbas, wannan ba komai bane idan aka kwatanta da mutuwar mutane dubu 600 daga cutar kansa ta hanyar shan taba, amma a lokaci guda, babban rashi na asarar dubban iyalai waɗanda membobinsu ke cikin wannan adadin.⁽²⁾
• Hanyar dafa nama ba ta shafar cutar kansa... Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga masana, kada ku daina maganin zafi a cikin ni'imar albarkatun albarkatu. Da fari dai, babu takamaiman bayanai game da rashin lahani na ɗanyen nama, kuma, na biyu, rashin maganin zafi shine haɗarin cututtuka masu yaduwa.
• Dangane da aikin da aka gudanar, har yanzu bai yiwu a yanke shawara game da abincin mutanen da suka riga fama da ciwon sankara ba.
• Babu bayanai kan tasirin kiwon kaji da naman kifi a jikin mutum… Ba wai don basuda lahani ba, amma saboda ba'a bincike su ba.
• Sakamakon da aka samu ba farfaganda kai tsaye na sauyawa zuwa ba. Duk tsarin tsarin abinci, cin ganyayyaki da cin nama, suna da fa'ida da rashin amfani. Karatun da aka gudanar a matsayin wani bangare na wannan aikin kimiyya bai magance matsalar lafiya da masu cin ganyayyaki ke fuskanta ba. Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu ba a iya amsa daidai ba game da abin da ya fi amfani ga mutum ta bincika yanayin yanayinsa gaba ɗaya. A sauƙaƙe saboda banda abincin, masu cin nama da masu cin ganyayyaki na iya samun wasu bambance-bambancen kuma.⁽²⁾

Abin da WHO ta ba da shawara

Da dadewa masu cin nama ba su yarda da irin wadannan manyan kalamai na WHO ba. A halin da ake ciki, Tim Key, farfesa a fannin bincike kan cutar daji a Jami'ar Oxford, ya bayyana cewa wannan rahoton ba jagora bane ga aiki. Duk abin da mutum zai iya fada, amma nama shine tushen abubuwa masu mahimmanci, ciki har da, saboda haka, babu wanda ya nemi ya cire shi gaba daya daga rayuwar ku a cikin dare. A wannan mataki, IARC kawai tana ba da shawarar sake duba abincin ku da rage adadin nama da nama a cikinsa. (5)

A nasu bangaren, wakilan kungiyar masu sana'ar nama sun ce kin amincewa da kayayyakin da aka bayyana a sama ba zai iya taimakawa wajen hana cutar daji ba, saboda hakikanin abubuwan da ke haifar da faruwar ta su ne shan taba da barasa. Masana WHO sun yarda, amma bincikensu ya ci gaba.

Fiye da shekara guda ya wuce tun daga sanarwar sanarwar sanarwa mai ban sha'awa. Godiya ga wancan rahoton, wasu sun riga sun canza rayuwarsu, suna cire nama daga ciki, wasu kuma sun ɗauki hanyar gyara, wasu kuma kawai suna lura da sabon bayanin. Lokaci zai nuna wanda ya dace a cikinsu. A wannan matakin, Ina so in tuno da kalmomin Tim Key cewa lafiyayyen abinci a kowane hali game da matsakaici ne. Kuma wannan ya shafi komai, har da nama.⁽³⁾