Venereology shine ƙwarewar da ke kula da cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i, wanda kuma ake kira cututtuka na mata..

Yana haɗe da dermatology, tun da yawancin cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i (STIs, ko STBBIs don jima'i da kamuwa da jini a cikin Quebec) ana bayyana su ta hanyar raunuka na fata da ƙura.

Lura cewa waɗannan cututtukan kuma ana iya magance su a cikin magunguna gaba ɗaya ko na cikin gida.

Bugu da kari ga Kanjamau (HIV) or chlamydia, yaduwa sosai, akwai fiye da 30 masu kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar jima'i a duniya. Wadannan sun hada da:

• ƙwayoyin cuta (kamar HIV, HPV, hepatitis B da C, herpes, da sauransu);
• kwayoyin cuta (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, mycoplasmas, da sauransu);
• yisti (Candida albicans);
• na protozoa (Trichomonas vaginalis…);
• d'ectoparasites (gale, phtiriase…).

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), a kullum fiye da mutane miliyan daya ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar saduwa (3).

An kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 357 a kowace shekara suna kamuwa da ɗaya daga cikin STIs guda huɗu masu zuwa: chlamydia (miliyan 131), gonorrhea (miliyan 78), syphilis (miliyan 5,6) da trichomoniasis (miliyan 143) 3.

A cikin ƙasashe da suka ci gaba, STIs da rikitarwarsu suna daga cikin dalilai guda biyar na gama gari don tuntuba a cikin manya (4).

Venereology an sadaukar da shi ga cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i, alamun da galibi galibi suna farawa a cikin al'aura, gabaɗaya ta:

• rauni, ulcers, ko “kuraje”;
• zuba ruwa;
• fitar fitsari ko farji;
• ƙaiƙayi;
• zafi;
• konewa yayin fitsari.

Daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi yawa (4), lura:

• chlamydia da kwayoyin chlamydia ke haifarwa, wadanda su ne cututtukan da suka fi yawa tsakanin shekarun 15 zuwa 25 a cikin mata, da tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 34 a cikin maza;
• HIV-AIDS;
• gonorrhea ko gonorrhea, wanda kwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa;
• hepatitis B, wanda ke haifar da ciwon hanta na kullum;
• al'aurar mace;
• kumburin al'aura wanda cutar papillomavirus ta mutum (HPV ko HPV) ke haifarwa, wanda kuma yana iya haifar da cutar sankarar mahaifa da wacce allurar rigakafi ke wanzu a yau;
• syphilis, wanda kwayoyin cuta da ake kira pale treponema;
• mycoplasma da trichomoniasis cututtuka.

Kodayake cutar ta mahaifa na iya shafar duk wanda ke yin jima'i, akwai wasu abubuwan da aka gane haɗarin., musamman:

• kuzarin saduwar farko;
• samun abokan jima'i da yawa;
• da samun STI a baya.

Don isa ga ganewar asali da gano asalin cututtukan, likitan fata ko likitan dabbobi:

• yin gwajin asibiti na al'aurar;
• aiwatar, idan ya cancanta, samfurin gida;
• na iya samun koma baya ga ƙarin gwaje -gwaje (gwajin jini, al'adu).

Magungunan Venereology galibi suna dogara ne akan kwayoyi.

Za a iya magance cututtuka da yawa ta hanyar jima'i :

• tare da maganin rigakafi masu dacewa (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis da trichomoniasis);
• ta hanyar maganin rigakafi, musamman akan herpes da cutar HIV-AIDS, waɗanda basa warkar da cutar amma suna ba da damar iyakance alamun cutar;
• ta hanyar immunomodulators a cikin cutar hepatitis B.

Rigakafin ya kasance hanya mafi kyau don yaƙar STIs, duk da haka, ta amfani da kwaroron roba (robar kwaroron roba) a duk lokacin jima'i. Binciken yau da kullun na iya iyakance yaduwar STIs da gano yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta tun da wuri.

Tattaunawa da likitan dabbobi bai ƙunshi wani haɗari na musamman ga mai haƙuri ba. Koyaya, yana iya zama abin haushi ga wasu, tunda ya shafi yanki na kusa.

Horar da masu ilimin likitanci a Faransa

Don zama likitan fata, ɗalibin dole ne ya sami difloma na ƙwararrun karatu (DES) a cikin fatar fata da ilimin dabbobi:

• dole ne ya fara bi, bayan baccalaureate, shekara ta farko gama gari a karatun kiwon lafiya. Lura cewa matsakaicin ƙasa da kashi 20% na ɗalibai suna gudanar da ƙetare wannan muhimmin ci gaba;
• a ƙarshen shekara ta 6, ɗalibai suna ɗaukar gwajin rarrabuwa na ƙasa don shiga makarantar allo. Dangane da rarrabuwarsu, za su iya zaɓar ƙwararrunsu da wurin aikinsu. Horarwa a cikin fatar fata da ilmin likitanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 4.

A ƙarshe, don samun damar yin aiki azaman likitan yara kuma ya riƙe taken likita, ɗalibin dole ne ya kare rubutun bincike.

Horar da masu ilimin likitanci a Quebec

Bayan karatun kwaleji, ɗalibin dole ne ya nemi digiri na uku a fannin likitanci. Wannan matakin na farko yana ɗaukar shekaru 1 ko 4 (tare da ko ba tare da shekara ta shirye -shirye don magani ga ɗaliban da aka yarda da su tare da kwaleji ko jami'a waɗanda ake ganin ba su isa ba a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittu na asali). Bayan haka, ɗalibin dole ne ya ƙware ta hanyar bin mazaunin fatar jiki na tsawon shekaru 5.

Kafin zuwa alƙawari tare da likitan dabbobi, yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki kowane gwajin ilimin halitta (gwajin jini, al'adu) da aka riga aka yi.

Don nemo likitan dabbobi:

• a cikin Quebec, zaku iya tuntuɓar gidan yanar gizon Tarayyar ƙwararrun likitocin ko Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masana fata na Quebec (â ?? µ), wanda ke ba da jagorar membobinta;
• a Faransa, ta hanyar gidan yanar gizo na Ordre des médecins (6) ko Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwayoyin Jima'i (7). Yawancin bayanai, dubawa da cibiyoyin bincike don STIs (CIDDIST) suma suna ba da gwajin kyauta (8) a duk faɗin Faransa.

Inshorar Lafiya (Faransa) ko Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec ne ke rufe shawarwarin da likitan dabbobi.