"Starry Night" na Vincent van Gogh: menene wannan hoton ya gaya mani?

"NEMO HANYAR KU ZUWA SAMA"

Maria Revyakina, masanin tarihin fasaha:

Hoton ya kasu kashi biyu a kwance: sama (bangaren sama) da kuma ƙasa (bangaren birni a ƙasa), waɗanda aka huda su ta tsaye na cypresses. Soaring zuwa cikin sama, kamar harsunan harshen wuta, cypress itatuwa tare da shaci kama wani babban coci, sanya a cikin style of «flaming Gothic».

A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, cypresses ana la'akari da itatuwan al'ada, suna nuna alamar rayuwar rai bayan mutuwa, dawwama, rashin ƙarfi na rayuwa kuma suna taimakawa waɗanda suka tafi su sami mafi guntu hanyar zuwa sama. Anan, waɗannan bishiyoyin suna zuwa gaba, sune manyan halayen hoton. Wannan ginin yana nuna ainihin ma'anar aikin: ran ɗan adam mai wahala (watakila ran mai zanen kansa) na sama da ƙasa ne.

Abin sha'awa shine, rayuwa a sama ta fi kyan gani fiye da rayuwar duniya. An halicci wannan jin godiya ga launuka masu haske da fasaha na musamman na zanen Van Gogh: ta hanyar dogon lokaci, lokacin farin ciki da bugun jini da kuma canza launin launi, ya haifar da jin dadi, juyawa, rashin tausayi, wanda ya jaddada rashin fahimta da duk abin da ke tattare da shi. ikon sararin samaniya.

An nuna jikkunan sararin samaniya da yawa, kuma tururuwa da ke cikin sararin sama an yi su da salon taurari da kuma Milky Way.

An ƙirƙiri tasirin kyaftawar jikin sama ta hanyar haɗa farar sanyi da inuwar rawaya iri-iri. Launi mai launin rawaya a cikin al'adar Kirista yana da alaƙa da hasken allahntaka, tare da haskakawa, yayin da fari alama ce ta canzawa zuwa wata duniya.

Hakanan zanen yana cike da launuka na sama, kama daga shuɗi mai shuɗi zuwa shuɗi mai zurfi. Launi mai launin shuɗi a cikin Kiristanci yana da alaƙa da Allah, yana wakiltar madawwama, tawali'u da tawali'u kafin nufinsa. An ba sararin sama mafi yawan zane don nuna fifikonsa da ikonsa a kan duniyar mutane. Duk wannan ya bambanta da sautunan da aka soke na yanayin birni, wanda ya yi kama da kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali.

"KADA KU BAR MAHAUKACI YA CI KANKA"

Andrey Rossokhin, masanin ilimin psychoanalyst:

A kallon farko na hoton, na lura da daidaituwar sararin samaniya, babban faretin taurari. Amma yayin da na leƙa cikin wannan rami, mafi ƙarara ina fuskantar yanayin tsoro da damuwa. Muryar da ke tsakiyar hoton, kamar mazurari, tana jan ni, tana jan ni zuwa sararin samaniya.

Van Gogh ya rubuta "Starry Night" a cikin asibitin masu tabin hankali, a cikin lokutan tsabta na sani. Kerawa ya taimaka masa ya dawo hayyacinsa, cetonsa ne. Wannan shi ne fara'a na hauka da tsoronsa da nake gani a hoton: a kowane lokaci yana iya shanye mai zane, ya jawo shi kamar mazurari. Ko kuwa guguwa ce? Idan ka dubi saman hoton kawai, yana da wuya a gane ko muna kallon sama ne ko kuma a cikin teku mai tsagewa wanda wannan sararin sama mai taurari ke nunawa.

Ƙungiya tare da guguwa ba haɗari ba ne: duka zurfin sararin samaniya da zurfin teku, wanda mai zane ya nutse - rasa ainihinsa. Wanda a ma’anarsa shine ma’anar hauka. Sama da ruwa sun zama daya. Layin sararin sama ya ɓace, haɗin ciki da waje. Kuma wannan lokacin tsammanin rasa kanmu yana da ƙarfi sosai daga Van Gogh.

A tsakiyar hoton yana shagaltar da ko da guguwa ɗaya, amma biyu: ɗaya ya fi girma, ɗayan kuma ƙarami. Rikicin gaba-gaba na abokan hamayya, manya da kanana. Ko watakila 'yan'uwa? Bayan wannan duel za a iya ganin dangantakar abokantaka amma gasa tare da Paul Gauguin, wanda ya ƙare a cikin mummunan karo (Van Gogh a wani lokaci ya garzaya shi da reza, amma bai kashe shi ba a sakamakon, kuma daga baya ya ji rauni ta hanyar yankewa kansa. kunnuwansa).

Kuma a kaikaice - dangantakar Vincent tare da ɗan'uwansa Theo, ma kusa da takarda (sun kasance a cikin takarda mai zurfi), wanda, a fili, akwai wani abu da aka haramta. Makullin wannan dangantakar na iya zama taurari 11 da aka kwatanta a hoton. Suna nuni ga wani labari daga Tsohon Alkawali wanda a cikinsa Yusufu ya gaya wa ɗan’uwansa: “Na yi mafarki inda rana, wata, taurari 11 suka sadu da ni, kuma kowa ya yi mini sujada.”

Hoton yana da komai sai rana. Wanene ranar Van Gogh? Dan uwa uba? Ba mu sani ba, amma watakila Van Gogh, wanda ya dogara sosai ga ƙanensa, ya so akasin haka daga gare shi - biyayya da bauta.

A gaskiya ma, muna gani a cikin hoton uku «I» na Van Gogh. Na farko shi ne “I” maɗaukaki, wanda yake so ya narke a cikin sararin samaniya, ya zama kamar Yusufu, abin bautar duniya. Na biyu «I» shi ne karamin talakawa mutum, warware daga sha'awa da hauka. Bai ga tashin hankalin da ke faruwa a sama ba, amma yana barci cikin kwanciyar hankali a wani ƙaramin ƙauye, ƙarƙashin kariya ta coci.

Amma, kash, duniyar ’yan adam ba ta isa gare shi ba. Lokacin da Van Gogh ya yanke kunnen kunnensa, mutanen garin sun rubuta wata sanarwa zuwa ga magajin garin Arles tare da neman ware mai zane daga sauran mazaunan. Kuma an aika Van Gogh asibiti. Wataƙila, mai zane ya fahimci wannan gudun hijira a matsayin azabtar da laifin da ya ji - don hauka, don manufarsa mai lalata, haramtacciyar ji ga ɗan'uwansa da Gauguin.

Sabili da haka, na uku, babban «I» shine ciyawar cypress, wanda ke da nisa daga ƙauyen, wanda aka fitar daga duniyar ɗan adam. Rassan cypress, kamar harshen wuta, ana kai su zuwa sama. Shi kadai ne shaida a kan abin da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya.

Wannan shi ne hoton ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ba ya barci, wanda ke buɗewa ga ramin sha'awar sha'awa da tunanin kirkira. Ba a kiyaye shi daga coci da gida. Amma yana da tushe a zahiri, a cikin ƙasa, godiya ga tushen ƙarfi.

Wannan cypress, watakila, alama ce ta rashin sanin abin da Van Gogh zai so ya yi ƙoƙari. Ji dangane da cosmos, tare da abyss cewa ciyar da kerawa, amma a lokaci guda ba rasa touch tare da ƙasa, tare da ainihi.

A gaskiya, Van Gogh ba shi da irin wannan tushen. Haukarsa ta burge shi, ya rasa takunsa, wannan guguwar ta cinye shi.