Bacin rai na ƙashi shine raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jini. Yana iya shafar matakin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen jini da / ko platelets. Gajiya gabaɗaya, rauni, maimaita cututtuka da zubar jini mara kyau na iya faruwa. Sau da yawa muna magana game da anemia aplastic idiopathic saboda ba a san asalinsa ba a yawancin lokuta.

Ma'anar anemia aplastic

Kasusuwan kasusuwa aplasia wata cuta ce ta kasusuwan kasusuwa, wato cutar da ta shafi wurin da ake samar da kwayoyin jini. Wannan kira yana da tasiri sosai, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin kwayoyin halitta a cikin jini.

A matsayin tunatarwa, akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini daban-daban: sel ja (jajayen jini), farin jini (leukocytes) da platelet (thrombocytes). Kamar kowane sel, waɗannan ana sabunta su ta halitta. Sabbin sel na jini suna ci gaba da haɗe su ta hanyar bargon ƙashi daga sel mai tushe. Game da anemia aplastic, sel mai tushe sun ɓace. 

Sakamakon aplastic anemia

Sakamakon zai iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Ragewar ƙwayoyin jini na iya zama sannu a hankali ko kwatsam, kuma fiye ko žasa mai tsanani. Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan sel daban-daban ba lallai ba ne su yi tasiri ta hanya ɗaya.

Don haka yana yiwuwa a rarrabe:

• anemia, raguwar adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jigilar iskar oxygen a cikin jiki;
• leukopenia, digo a cikin adadin farin jini da ke cikin garkuwar jiki;
• thrombocytopenia, digo a cikin matakin platelet a cikin jini da aka sani yana da mahimmanci a cikin abin da ke faruwa na coagulation a yayin da aka samu rauni.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da karancin jini

A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, asalin wannan pathology na kasusuwa ba a sani ba. Muna magana akan anemia aplastic idiopathic.

Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa aplastic anemia shine sakamakon wani abu na autoimmune. Yayin da tsarin rigakafi gabaɗaya yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta, yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin lafiya waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga jiki yayi aiki yadda yakamata. Game da anemia na aplastic, tsarin rigakafi yana lalata kwayoyin halitta masu mahimmanci don samar da sababbin kwayoyin jini.

Sanin cutar sankarar bargo

An fara gano ganewar asali akan cikakken adadin jini (CBC), ko cikakken adadin jini. Ana yin gwajin jini don tantance matakan nau'ikan sel daban-daban (wayoyin jini ja, farin jini, platelet).

Idan matakan ba su da kyau, ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ganewar cutar anemia aplastic. Misali :

• wani myelogram, gwajin da ya ƙunshi cire wani ɓangare na kasusuwan kasusuwa don bincike;
• biopsy na kasusuwa, gwajin da ke cire wani bangare na kasusuwa da kashi.

Mutanen da ke fama da aplastic anemia

Dukkan jinsin biyu suna fama da cutar daidai. Yana kuma iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Koyaya, an lura da kololuwar mitar guda biyu waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 25 da kuma bayan shekaru 50.

Wannan Pathology ya kasance da wuya. A cikin Turai da Amurka, abin da ya faru (yawan sababbin lokuta a kowace shekara) shine 1 a cikin 500 mutane kuma yawanta (yawan abubuwan da cutar ta shafa a cikin adadin da aka ba da lokaci) shine 000 a cikin kowane 1.

Wannan Pathology na kasusuwan kasusuwa ana iya siffanta shi ta hanyar raguwar matakin jinin jajayen sel (anemia), farin jini (leukopenia) da / ko platelets (thrombocytopenia). Alamomin cutar anemia na aplastic sun dogara ne akan nau'in kwayoyin jinin da abin ya shafa.

Gaba ɗaya gajiya da raunin da ke tattare da anemia

Anemia yana da ƙarancin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Yana iya haifar da alamomi kamar:

• paleness na fata da mucous membranes;
• gajiya;
• dizziness;
• rashin numfashi;
• bugun zuciya a kan aiki.

Haɗarin kamuwa da cutar leukopenia

Leukopenia yana haifar da raguwar adadin fararen jini. Jiki yana rasa ikon kare kansa daga hare-hare daga cututtuka. Maimaita cututtuka na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban na jiki.

Zubar da jini saboda thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia, ko raguwa a cikin adadin platelet, yana rinjayar yanayin coagulation. Jini na nau'ikan ƙarfi daban-daban na iya bayyana. Suna iya haifar da:

• zub da jini daga hanci da gumi;
• raunuka da raunuka da suka bayyana ba gaira ba dalili.

Gudanar da anemia aplastic ya dogara da juyin halitta. Yayin da sauƙi na kulawar likita na iya zama isa wasu lokuta, magani ya zama dole a mafi yawan lokuta.

A cikin ilimin halin yanzu, ana iya ɗaukar zaɓuɓɓukan warkewa guda biyu don magance anemia aplastic:

• maganin rigakafi wanda ya dogara ne akan magungunan da ke da ikon hana tsarin rigakafi don iyakance, ko ma dakatar da lalata kwayoyin halitta;
• dashen kasusuwan kasusuwa, wanda ya hada da maye gurbin kasusuwan kasusuwa marasa lafiya da lafiyayyen kasusuwa da aka dauka daga mai bayar da lissafi.

Yayin da dashen kasusuwan kasusuwa a halin yanzu shine magani mafi inganci don anemia aplastic, wannan aikin ana la'akari ne kawai a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Magani ne mai nauyi wanda baya tare da haɗarin rikitarwa bayan tiyata. Gabaɗaya, an tanada dashen kasusuwan kasusuwa ga marasa lafiya a ƙarƙashin shekaru 40 tare da mummunan nau'in aplasia na kasusuwa.

Ana iya ba da jiyya na tallafi don sarrafa alamun anemia na aplastic. Misali :

• maganin rigakafi don rigakafi ko magance wasu cututtuka;
• ƙarin jini na jan jini idan akwai anemia;
• platelet transfusion a cikin thrombocytopenia.

Har ya zuwa yau, ba a gano matakin kariya ba. A mafi yawancin lokuta, ba a san abin da ke haifar da anemia aplastic ba.