Honey agaric tubali ja (Hypholoma lateritium) hoto da bayanin

Ruwan zuma agaric ja (Hypholoma lateritium)

• Ƙarya bulo-ja

• Ƙarya bulo-ja
• Hypholoma sublateritium
• Agaricus carneolus
• Nematoma sublateritium
• Inocybe corcontica

shugaban: 3-8 centimeters a diamita, masu girma har zuwa 10 har ma har zuwa 12 cm ana nuna su. A cikin samari, yana da kusan zagaye, tare da ƙugiya mai ƙarfi, sa'an nan kuma convex, ya zama tartsatsi kuma, tare da lokaci, kusan lebur. A cikin intergrowths, iyakoki na bulo-ja na namomin zuma na ƙarya sau da yawa suna lalacewa, saboda ba su da isasshen wurin da za su juya. Fatar hular tana da santsi, yawanci bushe, m bayan ruwan sama, amma ba mai ɗaci ba. Launi na hula za a iya bayyana a matsayin "bulo ja" gaba ɗaya, amma launi ne m, duhu a tsakiyar da paler (ruwan hoda-buff, ruwan hoda zuwa haske ja, wani lokacin tare da duhu spots) a gefen, musamman a lokacin da matasa. a cikin tsofaffin samfurori, hular ta yi duhu daidai. A saman hular, musamman a gefuna, a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai "zaren" na bakin ciki - gashin gashi, waɗannan su ne ragowar gado mai zaman kansa.

faranti: mannewa daidai ko da ƙaramin daraja. M, kunkuntar, bakin ciki, tare da faranti. Ƙananan namomin kaza suna da fari, fari-buff ko kirim:

Amma ba da daɗewa ba suka yi duhu, suna samun launi daga koɗaɗɗen launin toka, launin toka na zaitun zuwa launin toka, a cikin manyan samfurori daga launin toka mai launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.

kafa: 4-12 cm tsayi, 1-2 cm kauri, fiye ko žasa ko da ko da ɗan lankwasa, sau da yawa tapering da yawa zuwa ga tushe saboda girma a cikin gungu, sau da yawa tare da karamin rhizome. Mara gashi ko balaga a cikin babba, sau da yawa tare da yankin ephemeral ko nacewa na annular a ɓangaren babba. Launi ba daidai ba ne, farar fata a sama, daga fari zuwa launin rawaya, buff mai haske, inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a kasa, daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa, ja, wani lokacin tare da "kullun" da spots na rawaya. Kafar matasa namomin kaza cikakke ne, tare da shekaru yana da rami.

zobe (wanda ake kira "skirt"): a fili ba ya nan, amma idan ka duba a hankali, a cikin "yankin annular" a cikin wasu samfurori na manya, zaka iya ganin ragowar "zaren" daga gado mai zaman kansa.

ɓangaren litattafan almara: m, ba ma karye ba, fari zuwa rawaya.

wari: babu wari na musamman, mai laushi, ɗan naman kaza.

Ku ɗanɗani. Wannan ya kamata a faɗi dalla-dalla. Maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban suna ba da bayanan dandano daban-daban, kama daga "mai laushi", "ɗan ɗaci" zuwa "ɗaci". Ko wannan saboda halayen wasu takamaiman al'umma ne, yanayin yanayi, ingancin itacen da namomin kaza ke tsiro a kai, yankin, ko wani abu ba a bayyana ba.

Ya zama kamar ga marubucin wannan bayanin cewa a cikin yankuna da yanayi mai sauƙi (Isles na Birtaniya, alal misali), ana nuna dandano sau da yawa a matsayin "m, wani lokacin daci", mafi yawan yanayi na nahiyar, mafi ɗaci. Amma wannan zato ne kawai, ba a tabbatar da kimiyya ta kowace hanya ba.

Hanyoyin sunadarai: KOH launin ruwan kasa a saman hula.

spore foda: ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.

Fasalolin ƴan ƙananan yara: spores 6-7 x 3-4 microns; ellipsoid, santsi, santsi, bakin ciki-bango, tare da ramukan da ba a sani ba, rawaya a cikin KOH.

Ƙarya bulo-ja ruwan zuma yana yaɗuwa a Turai, Asiya, da Amurka.

Yana ba da 'ya'ya daga lokacin rani (ƙarshen Yuni-Yuli) zuwa kaka, Nuwamba-Disamba, har zuwa sanyi. Yana girma a cikin ƙungiyoyi kuma a cikin haɗuwa akan matattu, ruɓaɓɓen, da wuya itace mai rai (a kan kututturewa da kusa da kututture, a kan manyan matattun itace, matattun tushen da aka nutsar a cikin ƙasa) na nau'in deciduous, ya fi son itacen oak, yana faruwa a kan Birch, Maple, poplar, da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace. Bisa ga wallafe-wallafen, yana iya da wuya girma a kan conifers.

A nan, kamar yadda tare da bayani game da dandano, bayanan sun bambanta, sun saba wa juna.

Don haka, alal misali, wasu majiyoyin yare ((our country-) - suna nufin naman kaza mai ja-bulo zuwa namomin kaza da ba za a iya ci ba ko kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan iri 4 waɗanda za'a iya ci da su. Ana ba da shawarar tafasa guda biyu ko uku daga minti 5 zuwa 15-25 kowanne, tare da wajabta magudanar ruwa tare da wanke namomin kaza bayan kowace tafasa, bayan haka za'a iya soya naman kaza da tsintsin.

Raw ko rashin dafa abinci, waɗannan namomin kaza na iya haifar da bacin rai. Don haka, yawancin kafofin yaren Ingilishi ba sa ba da shawarar dandana ɗanyen zuma-garin bulo-ja, ko da don dalilai na ganewa, kuma idan kun gwada, ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Babu bayanan da aka dogara akan abubuwan da aka gano. Babu bayani game da kowane irin guba mai tsanani.

Lokacin da Yakubu Christian Schaeffer ya kwatanta wannan nau'in a cikin 1762, ya sanya masa suna Agaricus lateritius. (Yawancin naman gwari na agaric an samo asali ne a cikin jinsin Agaricus a farkon kwanakin haraji na fungal.) Fiye da karni daya bayan haka, a cikin littafinsa Der Führer in die Pilzkunde da aka buga a 1871, Paul Kummer ya canza nau'in zuwa nau'in Hypholoma na yanzu.

Hypholoma lateritium synonyms sun haɗa da babban jeri, daga cikinsu ya kamata a ambaci:

• Agaricus lateralis Schaeff.
• Agaricus sublateritis Schaeff.
• Bolton's pompous agaric
• Pratella lateritia (Schaeff.) Grey,
• Cook deconic mai laushi
• Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Quél.
• Naematoloma sublateritium (Schaeff.) P. Karst.

A cikin Amurka, yawancin masanan mycologists sun fi son sunan Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Quél.

A cikin al'adar -speaking, an kafa sunayen "Brick-ja zuma agaric" da "Brick-red ƙarya zuma agaric".

Hypholoma (Gyfoloma), sunan jinsin, kusan fassara yana nufin "namomin kaza da zaren" - "namomin kaza tare da zaren." Wannan yana iya zama abin magana ga mayafin filamentous mai ban sha'awa wanda ke haɗa gefen hular zuwa ƙwanƙwasa, wanda ke rufe faranti na ƙananan yara masu 'ya'yan itace, kodayake wasu mawallafa sun yi imanin cewa wannan magana ce ga rhizomorphs filamentous (basal mycelial bundles, hyphae) waɗanda suke bayyane. a gindin gindin.

Takamaiman epithet lateritium da ma'anarsa na epithet sublateritium sun cancanci wani bayani. Sub kawai yana nufin “kusan”, don haka kyakkyawan bayanin kai ne; lateritium launi ne na bulo, amma tun da tubalin na iya zama kusan kowane launi, wannan shine watakila mafi yawan suna a cikin masarautar naman kaza; duk da haka, launin hular bulo ja mai yiwuwa ya dace da ra'ayin yawancin mutane na "bulo ja" sosai a hankali. Saboda haka, takamaiman sunan Hypholoma lateritium yanzu an karɓi shi, fiye da isa.

Sulphur-rawaya saƙar zuma (Hypholoma fasciculare)

Matasa sulfur-rawaya na namomin zuma na karya hakika sun yi kama da matasa masu jajayen bulo. Kuma yana iya zama da wahala a rarrabe su: nau'in nau'in sun haɗu a yankuna, yanayin muhalli da lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Dukansu iri na iya zama daidai da ɗaci a dandano. Kuna buƙatar kallon faranti na manya, amma ba tsofaffi ba kuma ba busassun namomin kaza ba. A cikin sulfur-rawaya, faranti suna rawaya-kore, "sulphur-yellow", a cikin tubali-ja suna launin toka tare da inuwar purple, violet.

Hypholoma capnoides

Ga alama ja bulo yana da sharadi sosai. Launin launin toka-lamellar yana da faranti mai launin toka, ba tare da tints mai launin rawaya a cikin matasa namomin kaza ba, wanda aka rubuta a cikin sunan. Amma babban fasalin fasalin shine wurin girma: kawai akan conifers.

Bidiyo game da naman kaza zuma agaric tubali-ja:

Hoto: Gumenyuk Vitaliy kuma daga tambayoyi a cikin Ganewa.