Zuciya (daga kalmar Helenanci cardia kuma daga Latin cor, “zuciya”) ita ce ginshiƙin tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Hakikanin “famfo”, yana tabbatar da zagayawar jini a cikin jiki godiya ga ƙanƙanin sautin sa. A cikin kusanci da tsarin numfashi, yana ba da izinin iskar oxygen da jini da kawar da iskar carbon dioxide (CO2).

Zuciya wani rami ne, tsokar tsoka da ke cikin kejin hakarkarinsa. Yana tsakanin huhu biyu a bayan kashin nono, yana cikin siffar dala mai jujjuyawa. samansa (ko koli) yana kan tsokar diaphragm kuma yana nuna ƙasa, gaba, zuwa hagu.

Ba wanda ya fi girma rufaffiyar hannu, yana auna matsakaicin gram 250 zuwa 350 a cikin manya don kusan 12 cm tsayi.

Envelope da bango

Zuciya tana kewaye da ambulan, pericardium. Yana da yadudduka biyu: ɗaya yana makale da tsokar zuciya, myocardium, ɗayan kuma yana daidaita zuciya ga huhu da diaphragm.

 Katangar zuciya tana da nau'i uku, daga waje zuwa ciki:

• epicardium
• myocardium, shine mafi yawancin taro na zuciya
• endocardium, wanda ke layin cavities

Zuciya tana shayar da ita sama ta hanyar tsarin jijiya na jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke ba ta iskar oxygen da sinadarai masu mahimmanci don aikinta mai kyau.

Kogon zuciya

Zuciya ta kasu kashi hudu: atria biyu (ko atria) da ventricles biyu. An haɗa su biyu, suna samar da zuciya madaidaiciya da zuciya ta hagu. Atria suna cikin ɓangaren sama na zuciya, su ne cavities don karɓar jinin jini.

A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren zuciya, ventricles sune wurin farawa don yaduwar jini. Ta hanyar kwangila, ventricles suna ƙaddamar da jini a waje da zuciya zuwa cikin tasoshin daban-daban. Waɗannan su ne ainihin bututun zuciya. Ganuwarsu ta fi na atria kauri kuma ita kaɗai ke wakiltar kusan ɗaukacin zuciya.

An raba atria ta wani bangare da ake kira interatrial septum da ventricles ta hanyar septum na tsakiya.

Zuciyar zuciya

A cikin zuciya, bawuloli huɗu suna ba da jini ta hanya ɗaya. Kowane atrium yana sadarwa tare da madaidaicin ventricle ta hanyar bawul: bawul ɗin tricuspid a dama da bawul ɗin mitral a hagu. Sauran bawuloli guda biyu suna tsakanin ventricles da jijiya da ta dace: bawul na aortic da bawul na huhu. Wani nau'i na "bawul", suna hana zubar jini na baya yayin da yake wucewa tsakanin cavities biyu.

famfo biyu

Zuciya, godiya ga rawarta na tsotsa sau biyu da famfon matsin lamba, yana tabbatar da yaduwar jini a cikin jiki don samar da iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki ga kyallen takarda. Akwai nau'i biyu na zagayawar jini: zagayarwar huhu da tsarin tsarin.

Jigilar jini na huhu

Aikin zagayarwar huhu ko ƙaramin zagayawa shine ɗaukar jini zuwa huhu don tabbatar da musayar gas sannan a dawo da shi cikin zuciya. Gefen dama na zuciya shine famfo don zagayawar huhu.

Rashin iskar oxygen, jini mai wadatar CO2 yana shiga cikin jiki zuwa cikin atrium na dama ta manyan jijiyoyin vena cava. Sannan yana saukowa zuwa cikin ventricle na dama wanda ke fitar da shi cikin jijiyoyin huhu guda biyu (gangar jikin huhu). Suna ɗaukar jini zuwa huhu inda yake kawar da CO2 kuma yana shan iskar oxygen. Daga nan ana juyar da shi zuwa zuciya, a cikin atrium na hagu, ta hanyar jijiyoyin huhu.

Tsarin wurare dabam dabam

Rarraba tsarin yana tabbatar da rarraba jini gabaɗaya zuwa kyallen takarda a cikin jiki duka da dawowa cikin zuciya. Anan, ita ce zuciyar hagu wacce ke aiki azaman famfo.

Jinin reoxygenated ya isa atrium na hagu sannan ya wuce zuwa ventricle na hagu, wanda ke fitar da shi ta hanyar ƙanƙancewa cikin jijiyar aorta. Daga can, ana rarraba shi ga sassa daban -daban na jikin mutum. Daga nan ne cibiyar sadarwar venous ta dawo da ita zuwa zuciyar da ta dace.

Ciwon zuciya da ƙuntatawa ba da daɗewa ba

Ana bayar da dawafi ta hanyar bugun zuciya. Kowane bugun ya yi daidai da ƙanƙancewar tsokar zuciya, myocardium, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan sassan ƙwayoyin tsoka. Kamar dukkan tsokoki, yana yin kwangila a ƙarƙashin rinjayar motsin lantarki na gaba. Amma zuciya tana da keɓaɓɓen kwangila a cikin kwatsam, rhythmic da hanya mai zaman kanta godiya ga aikin lantarki na ciki.

Matsakaicin zuciya yana buga sau biliyan 3 a cikin shekaru 75.

Cutar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ita ce babbar hanyar mutuwa a duniya. A cikin 2012, an kiyasta adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai miliyan 17,5, ko 31% na jimillar mace -macen duniya (4).

Bugun jini (bugun jini)

Ya yi daidai da toshewa ko fashewar jirgin da ke ɗauke da jini a cikin kwakwalwa (5).

Ciwon zuciya (ko bugun zuciya)

Ciwon zuciya shine ɓarna ɓangaren tsokar zuciya. Sannan zuciya ta daina yin aikinta na famfo kuma ta daina bugawa (6).

Angina pectoris (ko angina)

Yana da ciwon zalunci wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin kirji, hannun hagu da jaw.

zuciya gazawar

Zuciya ba ta da ikon yin bututun isasshe don samar da isasshen jini don biyan duk bukatun jiki.

Rashin damuwa na zuciya (ko arrhythmia na zuciya)

Bugun bugun zuciya ba daidai bane, yayi jinkiri ko sauri, ba tare da waɗannan canje-canje a cikin rhythm suna da alaƙa da abin da ake kira "ilimin jiyya" (motsa jiki, misali (7)).

valvulopathies 

Lalacewar aikin bawuloli na zuciya ta cututtuka daban -daban wanda zai iya canza aikin zuciya (8).

Lahani na zuciya

Munanan lahani na zuciya, a lokacin haihuwa.

Kwayoyin cuta 

Cututtukan da ke haifar da rashin aiki na tsokar zuciya, myocardium. Ƙarƙashin ikon zubar da jini da fitar da shi zuwa wurare dabam dabam.

Ciwon mara

Kumburi na pericardium saboda cututtuka: hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, kwayan cuta ko parasitic. Hakanan kumburi na iya faruwa bayan ƙarin rauni ko rauni mai rauni.

Venous thrombosis (ko phlebitis)

Ƙirƙira ɗigon jini a cikin zurfin jijiyoyin kafa. Hadarin ɗigawar ɗigawa yana tashi a cikin ƙananan vena cava sannan a cikin jijiyoyin huhu lokacin da jini ya koma zuciya.

Kwayar cutar sankara a cikin ƙwayar cuta

Hijira na jini a cikin arteries na huhu inda suka zama tarko.

hadarin dalilai

Shan sigari, rashin abinci mara kyau, kiba, rashin aiki na jiki da yawan shan barasa, hawan jini, ciwon sukari da hyperlipidemia na ƙara haɗarin bugun zuciya da bugun jini.

rigakafin

WHO (4) ta ba da shawarar aƙalla minti 30 na motsa jiki kowace rana. Cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari guda biyar a rana da kuma takaita shan gishiri shima yana taimakawa wajen hana zuciya ko shanyewar jiki.

Magungunan rigakafin kumburi (NSAIDs) da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya

Nazarin (9-11) ya nuna cewa tsawaita, yawan shan NSAIDs (Advil, Iboprene, Voltarene, da dai sauransu) ya fallasa mutane ga haɗarin bugun zuciya.

Matsakaici da cutar bawul

An wajabta da farko don magance hypertriglyceridemia (matakin wasu kitse da suka yi yawa a cikin jini) ko hyperglycemia (yawan matakin sukari), kuma an rubuta shi ga masu ciwon sukari waɗanda ke da kiba. Kayayyakin sa na "mai hana cin abinci" ya haifar da cinye shi a waje da waɗannan alamun don taimakawa mutanen da ba su da ciwon sukari su rasa nauyi. Sannan an danganta shi da cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan zuciya da ba kasafai ake kira hauhawar jini ba (PAH) (12).

Gwajin likita

Da farko likitanku zai gudanar da bincike na asali: karanta hawan jini, sauraron bugun zuciya, shan bugun jini, tantance numfashi, binciken ciki (13), da sauransu.

Doppler duban dan tayi

Dabarar hoto ta likitanci wacce ke bincika yanayin kwarara da ban ruwa na zuciya da tasoshin jini don bincika toshewar arteries ko yanayin bawul.

Labarin cutar korona

Dabarar hoto na likitanci wanda ke ba da damar hangen nesa na arteries na jijiyoyin jini.

Duban dan tayi na zuciya (ko echocardiography)

Dabarar hoton likitanci wanda ke ba da damar hangen nesa na tsarin zuciya (cavities da bawuloli).

EKG lokacin hutu ko lokacin motsa jiki

Gwajin da ke yin rikodin ayyukan lantarki na zuciya don gano rashin daidaituwa.

Zuciya scintigraphy

Binciken hoto wanda ke ba da damar lura da ingancin ban ruwa na zuciya ta jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini.

Angioscanner

Gwajin da ke ba ku damar bincika tasoshin jini don gano kumburin huhu, alal misali.

Kewayen tiyata

An yi tiyata lokacin da aka toshe jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini don dawo da wurare dabam dabam.

Binciken likita

Bayanan martaba:

• Tabbatar da triglycerides: yayi yawa a cikin jini, zasu iya ba da gudummawa ga toshewar jijiyoyin jini.
• Tabbatar da ƙwayar cholesterol: LDL cholesterol, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin “mummunan” cholesterol, yana da alaƙa da haɗarin haɗarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini lokacin da ya kasance da yawa a cikin jini.
• Tabbatar da fibrinogen : yana da amfani don lura da tasirin maganin da ake kira " fibrinolytic“, da nufin narkar da gudan jini idan akwai thrombosis.

Zuciya ita ce mafi alamar gabobin jikin mutum. A zamanin tsufa, an gan shi a matsayin cibiyar hankali. Bayan haka, an gan shi a cikin al'adu da yawa a matsayin mazaunin motsin rai da ji, wataƙila saboda zuciya tana ɗaukar motsin rai kuma tana haifar da shi. A tsakiyar zamanai ne siffar alama ta zuciya ta bayyana. An fahimce shi a duniya, yana nuna so da kauna.