Cryptosporidiosis shine kamuwa da cuta ta protozoan, wato kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar parasite protozoan, Cryptosporidium spp, wanda ke tasowa a cikin hanji, musamman a cikin sel ɗin epithelial, kuma wanda ke bayyana kansa musamman ta hanyar gudawa.

Cuta ce da ta shafi duka mutane, a kowane mataki na rayuwarsu, da yawancin dabbobi, musamman shanu da tsuntsaye. Manyan jinsuna guda biyu da ke gurbata mutum sune C. hominis da C. Parvum. Kwayar cuta tana bayyana yanayin sake zagayowar ciki a cikin sel na hanji, sannan sake zagayowar jima'i wanda ke haifar da sakin ƙwayoyin kumburi. Mutane suna kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar shan waɗannan kumburin.

Cryptosporidiosis cuta ce da aka samu a duk faɗin duniya kuma ta riga ta haifar da annoba da yawa. Yawan kamuwa da cuta ya bambanta tsakanin 0,6% da 2% a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu da kashi 4 zuwa 32% na yawan jama'a a ƙasashe masu tasowa.

A Faransa, annobar da aka bayar da rahoton ta kasance saboda gurɓataccen gurɓataccen hanyoyin sadarwa na ruwan sha saboda ba a lalata mai kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar magungunan da aka saba amfani da su don maganin ruwa. Chlorination na ruwan sha ko ruwan ninkaya don haka bai isa ya lalata m.

Lura cewa parasite ya zama mai aiki ta hanyar daskarewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi: dole ne a sanya shi zafin jiki na −22 ° C na aƙalla kwanaki 10 ko fiye da 65 ° C na aƙalla mintuna biyu.

Ruwan sha, wuraren ninkaya, gandun daji da dabbobin gida duk tafkunan wannan cuta ce. Mai saurin yaduwa, wannan kwayar cuta tana yaduwa ga mutane musamman dabbobin gida, musamman 'yan maraƙi,' yan raguna, yara, aladu, 'yan kwari da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Asalin watsawa galibi ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye da dabbobi, ta hanyar ɓoyewar su ko fitar da su da kuma hanyar hanji-baki. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a kamu da cutar a kaikaice ta hanyar cin gurbataccen abinci ko ta cin kayan lambu daga lambun da aka haɗe da gurɓataccen taki ko ruwan da ba a yi magani ba.

Ana watsa mutum-da-mutum ta hanyar fecal-oral. Misali, rashin wanke hannuwanku bayan canza mayafi na yaro mai cutar.

Yaduwarta na faruwa ne ko kuma annoba.

Ana gano cutar ta cryptosporidiosis sau da yawa ta amfani da binciken parasitological na stool wanda ke bayyana ɓarna na asalin halittar Cryptosporidium. Hakanan za'a iya yin biopsy na hanji. Yakamata a rarrabe Cryptosporidiosis daga cyclosporiasis wanda shine cututtukan parasitic da ke haifar da cccidia Cyclospora cayetanensis.

Tare da dabbobi

A cikin dabbobi, ana ganin alamun cutar musamman a cikin ƙananan dabbobi kuma suna bayyana azaman zawo mai ruwan rawaya, asarar nauyi, amai, da rauni mai ƙarfi. A cikin turkeys da kajin, alamun kamuwa da numfashi na iya bayyana. 

A cikin mutane

A cikin mutum mai lafiya, kamuwa da cuta yawanci asymptomatic ne. Zai iya haifar da cututtukan gastroenteritis tare da ciwon ciki, gajiya, zawo na ruwa, tashin zuciya da zazzabi kaɗan. Hakanan Cryptosporidiosis na iya shafar huhu, amma wannan na musamman ne.

Tsawon lokacin cutar yana canzawa: yana tafiya daga kwana uku zuwa sha huɗu.

Lamarin mutanen da ba su da rigakafi

A cikin mutanen da ke da ƙarancin rigakafi, cutar ta fi tsanani. Yana bayyana kansa ta zazzabin zazzaɓi mai zafi tare da wani lokacin cutar kwalara (= ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba). Babban kwayoyin da ke da nasaba da cutar kwalara sune Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens da enterotoxigenic E. coli da Vibrio cholerae.

An lura da yawan kamuwa da cuta a cikin masu cutar kanjamau waɗanda ke gabatar da zawo mai ɗorewa. Koyaya, a Faransa, adadin shari'o'in wannan cuta a cikin masu cutar kanjamau ya ragu sosai tun lokacin da ake kula da cutar HIV.

Lamarin mutanen da ba su da rigakafi

A cikin mutanen da ba su da rigakafi, tsofaffi da yara, zawo ya fi tsayi kuma ya daɗe kuma yana iya zama na yau da kullun. Ana iya danganta su kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da mutuwar mai haƙuri.

Cryptosporidiosis na iya zama barazanar rayuwa lokacin da ya faru a cikin mutum wanda ba shi da rigakafi.

Ana yin maganin ta hanyar shan magungunan kashe ƙwari. Koyaya, babu wani magani 100% curative, wato, babu wanda ke kawar da cutar. Wasu magunguna suna da tasirin dangi kamar paromomycin ko nitazoxanide. Rifaximin ya bayyana shine mafi inganci.

A cikin mummunan yanayin cutar, ana hana cin abinci na yau da kullun, wanda na iya buƙatar infusions don samar da duk abubuwan gina jiki da jiki ke buƙata, musamman gishiri na ma'adinai saboda waɗannan ana fitar da su ta hanyar gudawa.

rigakafin

Rigakafin ya ƙunshi rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar iska, ta hanyar mutunta ƙa'idodin tsabta: wanke hannuwanku da kyau bayan saduwa da dabbobi, bayan zuwa bayan gida, kafin cin abinci da sauransu; kuma a guji cin ruwa ko abinci wanda zai iya gurɓata najasa.