Cutar Charcot, wanda kuma ake kira amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cuta ce ta neurodegenerative. A hankali ya kai ga neurons kuma yana haifar da rauni na tsoka da gurgujewa. Tsawon rayuwar marasa lafiya ya ragu sosai. A cikin Ingilishi kuma ana kiranta da cutar Lou Gehrig, don girmama wani shahararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando da ke fama da wannan cuta. Sunan "Charcot" ya fito ne daga likitan kwakwalwa na Faransa wanda ya bayyana cutar.

Kwayoyin jijiyoyin da cutar Charcot ta shafa su ne jijiyoyi na motsa jiki (ko jijiyoyi masu motsi), alhakin aika bayanai da odar motsi daga kwakwalwa zuwa tsokoki. Kwayoyin jijiya a hankali suna raguwa sannan su mutu. Ƙwaƙwalwar tsokoki na son rai ba sa sarrafa su kuma ba za su motsa ba. Rashin aiki, sun ƙare ba aiki da atrophy. A farkon wannan ci gaba da ciwon daji, wanda abin ya shafa yana fama da raunin tsoka ko rauni a gabobi, hannaye ko kafafu. Wasu suna da matsalar magana.

Nasarar babban injin neuron An fi bayyana shi ta hanyar raguwar motsi (bradykinesia), rage haɗin gwiwa da dexterity da ƙumburi na tsoka tare da spasticity. Nasarar ƙananan motar neuron Yana bayyana kansa yafi ta rauni na tsoka, ƙumburi da atrophy na tsokoki wanda ke haifar da gurɓatacce.

Cutar Charcot na iya yin wahalar haɗiye kuma ya hana mutane cin abinci yadda ya kamata. Marasa lafiya na iya fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko kuma su bi hanyar da ba ta dace ba (= hatsarin da ke da alaƙa da shan daskararru ko ruwa ta hanyar numfashi). Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, zai iya rinjayar tsokoki da ake bukata don numfashi.

Bayan shekaru 3 zuwa 5 na juyin halitta, cutar Charcot na iya haifar da gazawar numfashi wanda zai haifar da mutuwa. Cutar, wacce ke shafar maza kadan fiye da mata (1,5 zuwa 1) yawanci tana farawa kusan shekaru 60 (tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 70). Ba a san musabbabin sa ba. A cikin daya cikin goma na lokuta ana zargin sanadin kwayoyin halitta. Asalin farkon cutar tabbas ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban, muhalli da kwayoyin halitta.

Babu babu magani na cutar Charcot. Wani magani, riluzole, yana ɗan rage jinkirin ci gaban cutar, wannan juyin halitta yana canzawa sosai daga mutum ɗaya zuwa wani har ma, a cikin majiyyaci ɗaya, daga wannan lokaci zuwa wani. A wasu, cutar, wanda ba ya shafar hankali (hangen gani, tabawa, ji, wari, dandano), wani lokaci yana iya daidaitawa. ALS na buƙatar sa ido sosai. Gudanarwa ya ƙunshi galibi don kawar da alamun cutar.

Yawaitar wannan cuta

A cewar ƙungiyar don bincike kan cutar Charcot, abin da ya faru na cutar Charcot shine sababbin lokuta 1,5 a kowace shekara a cikin 100 mazauna. Ko kusa 1000 sabbin lokuta a kowace shekara a Faransa.

Binciken cutar Charcot

Sakamakon ganewar ALS yana taimakawa wajen bambanta wannan cuta daga sauran cututtuka na jijiyoyi. Wani lokaci yana da wahala, musamman saboda babu takamaiman alamar cutar a cikin jini kuma saboda a farkon cutar, alamun asibiti ba lallai ba ne. Likitan neurologist zai nemi taurin tsokoki ko cramps misali.

Hakanan cutar ta iya haɗawa da a electromyogram, Binciken da ke ba da damar yin la'akari da ayyukan lantarki da ke cikin tsokoki, MRI don ganin kwakwalwa da kashin baya. Hakanan za'a iya ba da umarnin gwajin jini da fitsari, musamman don kawar da wasu cututtuka waɗanda za su iya samun alamun bayyanar cututtuka na ALS.

Juyin Halitta na wannan cuta

Don haka cutar Charcot tana farawa da raunin tsoka. Mafi sau da yawa, hannaye da ƙafafu ne aka fara shafa. Sai tsokar harshe, da baki, sai na numfashi.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Charcot

Kamar yadda aka ce, a halin yanzu ba a san musabbabin hakan ba a cikin kusan kashi 9 cikin 10 (kashi 5 zuwa 10 cikin XNUMX na al’amuran gado ne). An binciko hanyoyi da dama da za su iya bayyana bayyanar cutar: cututtukan autoimmune, rashin daidaituwar sinadarai… A halin yanzu ba tare da nasara ba.