Kifi na gama-gari shine mafi girman wakilcin dangin kifin. Sunan kifin na biyu shine kifin Turai, wannan nau'in (Silurus glanis) an kwatanta shi a matsayin nau'in kifin ruwa mai kyau, girmansa kuma ba shi da sikeli.
Halin halittar Soma ya ƙunshi manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan 14 na dangin catfish, waɗannan sune:
- Silurus glanis - Kifi na kowa;
- Silurus soldatovi - Soldatova catfish;
- Silurus asotus - Amur catfish;
- Silurus biwaensis ;
- Silurus duanensis;
- Silurus grahami;
- Silurus lithophilus;
- Catfish a kan chin;
- Kifin Aristotle;
- Kifin Kudu;
- Silurus microdorsalis;
- Silurus biwaensis;
- Silurus lanzhouensis;
- Silurian triostegus.
Mafi yawan nau'in jinsin dangi shine kifin kifi na kowa, wannan shine wakilin da ya fi dacewa da jinsin - Soma.
Siffofin nau'ikan halaye
Hoto: www.spinningpro.ru
A cikin duniya classifier, ichthyologists sun rarraba nau'in kifin kifi a matsayin nau'in kifin da aka yi da haske. Bisa ga binciken kimiyya, wakilan farko na ajin, masu hasara na ray, sun rayu a cikin ruwa 390 shekaru miliyan BC. kifi kifi. Wannan wani tsoho ne, kamar yadda mawallafa masu yawa suka tabbatar a jikin kifin.
Idan ko a cikin karni na karshe yana yiwuwa a kama kifi kifi kogin wanda yayi nauyi fiye da 350 kg tare da tsawon jiki fiye da 4 m ba tare da matsala ba, to a yau waɗannan kofuna ba su wuce 30 kg ba, kuma matsakaicin samfurori ba su da nauyi fiye da 15. kg. Mafi girman samfurin kifin da aka kama a cikin ƙasarmu an rubuta shi ta hanyar binciken kifin na yankin Kursk. Kifin ganima ne mai nauyin kilogiram 200, an kama shi a wani yanki na kogin Seim a shekarar 2009.
Katon kai mai matse jiki a cikin jirgin sama a kwance mai fadi da fadi da kananan idanuwa (dangane da girman jiki), wadannan alamu ne na kifin. Kogon baka, mai cike da kananan hakora masu siffar goga, yana iya hadiye ganima kusan kowane girman, sau da yawa tsuntsaye da kananan dabbobin da suke zuwa ramin ruwa zuwa tafki suna zama ganima.
Ana sanya wuka guda uku a kan kan kifi, na farko da mafi tsayi suna kan muƙamuƙi na sama, sauran biyun kuma suna kan ƙasa. Godiya ga gashin baki cewa kifin ya sami lakabin "dokin shaidan", an yi imani da cewa merman, yana kan kifi a cikin zurfin tafki, an ajiye shi a samansa, yana riƙe da gashin gashin baki. Whisker don “karusar ruwa” tana aiki azaman ƙarin sashin taɓawa.
Launin jikin kifin ya dogara ne akan yanayi, wurin zama, da kuma mafi girma akan launi na ƙasa da abubuwan da ke cikinsa. A mafi yawan lokuta, launi yana da duhu da launin toka, kusa da baki. A cikin tafkunan da ke da tashar ruwa mai zurfi da ciyayi masu yawa, launin kifin ya fi kusa da zaitun ko kore-launin toka, tare da tabo na sautunan duhu a warwatse a kai. A wuraren da kasa yashi ya yi rinjaye, kifin kifi yana da launi mai launin rawaya mai girma da kuma ciki mai haske.
Dabbobin kifin suna da sautin duhu fiye da na jiki, na sama ( dorsal) ba girman girmansa ba ne, kusan ba a iya gani a jikin lebur, don haka da wuya a sami kifin da ke kwance a cikin rami a ƙasa. . Ƙaƙƙarfan tsuliya, ya bambanta da na baya, ya fi girma, ya daidaita kuma ya kai tsawon 2/3 na dukan jiki, wanda yake tsakanin zagaye na caudal da pelvic fins.
Hoto: www.podvodnyj-mir-i-vse-ego-tajny.ru
Babban jikin kifin yana da siffar zagaye, yayin da yake motsawa daga kai zuwa fin caudal, ya fi gudu, matsa a cikin jirgin sama a tsaye. Sashin caudal na jiki, kamar fin tsuliya kanta, yana da tsawo, yana da ƙarfi, amma saboda yawan nauyin mutum, ba zai iya yin kifin da sauri ba daga harbin da ba a so.
Siffar dabi'a da keɓancewar nau'in kifin Turai shine rashin ma'auni, wannan aikin ana yin shi ta hanyar gland, wanda hakanan yana rufe jiki da gamsai mai karewa.
Habitat
Hoto: www.oodbay.com
Kifi na yau da kullun ya sami wurin zama a cikin yankin Turai na ƙasarmu ta Mahaifiyarmu, inda ya zama wani abu na kiwo na wucin gadi, a cikin magudanan ruwa:
- Baƙi;
- Kasifiyan;
- Azov;
- Baltic
Saboda yanayin soyayyar kifin, a cikin ruwayen Baltic, kama shi ya zama banda, kuma yana da wahala a kira wanda aka kama.
Ana iya samun Silurus glanis sau da yawa a cikin kogunan Turai da yawa:
- Dnieper;
- Kuban;
- Volga;
- Wisla;
- Danube;
- Hay;
- Ebro;
- Abinci;
- Rhine;
- Loire.
A cikin Pyrenees da Apennines, wannan nau'in bai taɓa zama ɗan ƙasa ba, an sami nasarar shigar da shi a cikin ƙarni kafin ƙarshe a cikin kwalayen kogin Po da Ebro, inda daga baya ya ƙaru. Haka lamarin ya taso a magudanan ruwa:
- Denmark;
- Faransa;
- Netherlands;
- Beljiyam.
Yanzu ana iya samun wannan nau'in a ko'ina cikin Turai. Baya ga Turai da yankin Turai na Rasha, ana iya samun Silurus glanis a arewacin Iran da Asiya ta Tsakiya. A cikin karni na karshe, ichthyologists na "Institute of Fisheries" da aka kashe da yawa kokarin da lokaci don ƙara yawan jama'ar Silurus glanis a Lake Balkhash, inda ya samu nasarar kara yawan lambobi, kazalika a cikin tafki da koguna da aka hada a cikin tafki. hanyar sadarwar kwandonsa. Yawan daji na Silurus glanis, ko da yake ya ƙaru wurin zama, bai zama wani abu na kamun kifi na kasuwanci ba saboda ƙananan jama'a.
Koguna masu cike da kwararowa, wasu lokutan wuraren da ba su da ruwa a tekun da ke kusa da bakin kogin, sun zama wurin da aka fi so inda kifin ke jin dadi.
Mafi yawan kasawar Soma na Fentus, ban da Turai, sun sami halaye masu kyau don ƙara yawan jama'a a cikin ruwan dumi na kwararan kogin:
- Kasar Sin;
- Koriya;
- Japan
- Indiya;
- Amurka;
- Indonesia;
- Afrika.
Idan muka yi la'akari da wuraren da aka fi so na catfish a cikin tafki, to wannan zai zama wuri mafi zurfi tare da rami mai zurfi. Tare da digo a cikin zafin jiki na ruwa, zai ba da fifiko ga rami a cikin ambaliyar ruwa da kuma wanke tushen bishiyoyi, daga abin da "mai shi", har ma da lokacin farauta, ya tashi ba tare da so ba kuma na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Lokacin zama a wurin da aka zaɓa don kifin kifi na iya ɗaukar tsawon rayuwarsa, kawai matsanancin yanayi a cikin nau'in ƙarancin abinci, tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa na iya tilasta masa barin gidansa. Tambayar nan da nan ta taso, har yaushe wannan nau'in zai iya rayuwa? Silurus glanis, bisa ga ichthyologists, zai iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 30-60, amma akwai tabbacin gaskiyar cewa an kama mutane masu shekaru 70-80.
Hoto: www.ribnydom.ru
Diet
Domin samun irin wannan nauyin jiki, a bayyane yake cewa kifi yana buƙatar cin abinci mai tsanani. Abincin Silurus glanis yana kama da na gourmet na kogi, ya haɗa da:
- kifi;
- kwadi;
- shellfish;
- kwari;
- tsuntsu;
- kananan
- tsutsa kwari;
- tsutsotsi;
- kasa da ciyayi na bakin teku.
A farkon matakin girma, abincin mutum mai girma ya haɗa da soya kifi, tsutsa da ƙananan crustaceans. Tare da zuwan yanayin girma da karuwar nauyi, kifin ba shi da yuwuwar gudanar da farautar “abinci” da aka yi niyya, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba a cikin ginshiƙin ruwa tare da buɗe baki, tace shi, yana jan rafukan ruwa tare da ƙaramin ganima a cikin sa. baki.
Da rana, macijin gashin-baki ya fi son ya kwanta a cikin raminsa, idan sanyin dare ya zo sai ya tafi farauta. gashin baki ne ke taimaka masa wajen bin diddigin halin da ake ciki da kuma kananan kifin da ke gabatowa, wanda shi kuma gashin baki yana jan hankalinsa, kamar tsutsa. Dabarun farauta sun fi dacewa da ƙididdige su akan sa'a, kawai a farkon shekarun kifin kifi yana bin ganima a cikin nau'i na kananan kifi, har ma a lokacin, ba dadewa ba.
Ciyarwa
Tun lokacin da aka samu tabbataccen ingantaccen zafin ruwa na akalla 160 Daga lokacin spawning na Silurus glanis ya fara, ya zo daidai da lokacin furanni na Mayu kuma yana dawwama har zuwa tsakiyar bazara, duk ya dogara da yankin da tafki yake. Da yake tsammanin farkon lokacin haifuwa, kifin ya fara shirye-shirye a cikin hanyar shirya gida a kan bankin yashi, wanda mace za ta yi ƙwai.
Hoto: www.rybalka.guru
An tabbatar a kimiyance cewa adadin kwai da ke cikin clutch yana daidai da nauyin mace kai tsaye, an yarda cewa akwai kwai dubu 1 a cikin kilogiram 30 na nauyin mutum balagagge. Saboda irin wannan fecundity, Silurus glanis yana da ikon zama ɗan asalin tafki na tafki wanda ya haye a karon farko a cikin shekaru 50-70.
A ƙarshen spawning, mace Silurus glanis ta bar gida ta gida, kuma duk damuwa: kariya, aeration na nan gaba zuriya, fada a kan namiji. Lokacin kula da ƙwai na namiji yana da har zuwa makonni 2, bayan haka soya ya bayyana, amma har yanzu ba su iya barin gida ba, tun da har yanzu ba su iya ciyar da kansu ba. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki a gare su shine sauran adadin furotin a cikin jakar caviar, daga abin da fry ya bayyana.
Bayan wasu makonni 2, yayin da soya yake cikin gida, namiji yana kula da zuriya. Sai kawai bayan ƙarni ya fara rarraba cikin ƙungiyoyi kuma yayi ƙoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don neman abinci da kansa, kuma "mahaifin" mai kulawa yana da tabbaci ga ƙarfin zuriyar, ya bar shi ya yi iyo cikin yardar kaina.
Manyan kifi ba su da abokan gaba, yawancin abokan gaba ana samun su a kan hanyar kifin a farkon matakin girma, yayin da pike ko perch na iya farauto shi. Babu wanda ke barazanar kama caviar ko dai, saboda yana ƙarƙashin kulawar babba. Ainihin, ɗimbin jama'a na Silurus glanis suna raguwa saboda kama mutane marasa tunani, da kuma sa hannun ɗan adam a cikin yanayin yanayin tafki.