Wasu suna ganin sun girmi shekarun su, wasu kuma ba sa. Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Masana kimiyya daga kasar Sin sun ba da rahoton sakamakon wani bincike da ke nuna alaka da wata kwayar halitta tare da tsufa. Saboda kasancewar wannan kwayar halitta, ana samar da wani launi mai duhu a cikin jiki. An yi imani da cewa tseren Caucasian tare da fararen fata ya bayyana daidai saboda shi. A saboda wannan dalili, ya zama dole a yi la'akari dalla-dalla game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsufa da maye gurbin fararen mazauna Turai.
Da yawa daga cikinmu suna so su zama ƙanana fiye da shekarunmu, saboda mun tabbata cewa a cikin samartaka ne, kamar a cikin madubi, cewa lafiyar mutum yana nunawa. A haƙiƙa, kamar yadda bincike da ƙwararrun masana kimiyya daga Denmark da Birtaniya suka tabbatar, shekarun mutum a waje yana taimakawa wajen sanin tsawon rayuwarsa. Wannan yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da kasancewar haɗin kai tsakanin tsayin telomere, wanda shine alamar biomolecular, da shekarun waje. Masana ilimin gerontologists, wadanda kuma ake kira kwararru a kan tsufa a duniya, suna jayayya cewa hanyoyin da ke tabbatar da canjin yanayi mai tsanani yana bukatar a yi bincike a hankali. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka sabbin fasahohin sabuntawa. Amma a yau, lokaci kaɗan da albarkatun da aka keɓe ga irin wannan bincike.
A baya-bayan nan, an gudanar da wani gagarumin nazari daga gungun masana kimiyyar Sinawa, da Dutch, da Burtaniya da Jamus, wadanda ma'aikatan manyan cibiyoyin kimiyya ne. Burinsa shine ya nemo ƙungiyoyi masu faɗin kwayoyin halitta don danganta shekarun da suka wuce zuwa kwayoyin halitta. Musamman, wannan ya shafi tsananin wrinkles na fuska. Don yin wannan, an yi nazari a hankali game da kwayoyin halittar tsofaffin tsofaffi 2000 a Burtaniya. Batutuwan sun kasance mahalarta a cikin Nazarin Rotterdam, wanda aka gudanar don bayyana abubuwan da ke haifar da wasu cututtuka a cikin tsofaffi. An gwada kusan miliyan 8 nucleotide polymorphisms guda ɗaya, ko kuma kawai SNPs, don tantance ko akwai alaƙa da ta shafi shekaru.
Bayyanar snip yana faruwa lokacin canza nucleotides akan sassan DNA ko kai tsaye a cikin kwayar halitta. Ma'ana, maye gurbi ne wanda ke haifar da allele, ko bambancin kwayar halitta. Alleles ya bambanta da juna a cikin snips da yawa. Ƙarshen ba su da tasiri na musamman akan wani abu, tun da ba za su iya rinjayar sassan mafi mahimmanci na DNA ba. A wannan yanayin, maye gurbin zai iya zama mai amfani ko cutarwa, wanda kuma ya shafi hanzari ko rage tsufa na fata a fuska. Saboda haka, tambaya ta taso game da gano takamaiman maye gurbi. Don nemo ƙungiyar da ake buƙata a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ya zama dole a rarraba batutuwa zuwa ƙungiyoyi don ƙayyade maye gurbin nucleotide guda ɗaya wanda ya dace da takamaiman ƙungiyoyi. Samuwar waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ya faru ne dangane da yanayin fata a fuskokin mahalarta.
Ɗaya ko fiye da snips da ke faruwa sau da yawa dole ne su kasance a cikin kwayar halitta da ke da alhakin shekarun waje. Kwararru sun gudanar da bincike kan mutane 2693 don gano snips da ke tabbatar da tsufar fatar fuska, da canjin yanayin fuska da launin fata, da kuma kasancewar kurajen fuska. Duk da gaskiyar cewa masu binciken sun kasa tantance ƙayyadaddun alaƙa tare da wrinkles da shekaru, an gano cewa ana iya samun maye gurbin nucleotide guda ɗaya a cikin MC1R wanda ke kan chromosome na goma sha shida. Amma idan muka yi la'akari da jinsi da shekaru, to akwai alaƙa tsakanin alloli na wannan kwayar halitta. Dukan mutane suna da nau'ikan chromosomes biyu, don haka akwai kwafi biyu na kowace kwayar halitta. A wasu kalmomi, tare da MC1R na al'ada da na al'ada, mutum zai yi girma da shekara guda, kuma tare da kwayoyin halitta guda biyu, ta shekaru 2. Yana da kyau a lura cewa kwayar halittar da ake ganin ta zama rikiɗa ce ta allele wadda ba ta iya samar da furotin na yau da kullun.
Don gwada sakamakon su, masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da bayanai game da tsofaffi mazauna Denmark kusan 600, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga sakamakon gwajin wanda manufarsa shine tantance wrinkles da shekarun waje daga hoto. A lokaci guda, an sanar da masana kimiyya a gaba game da shekarun batutuwa. Sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a kafa ƙungiya tare da snips da ke kusa da MC1R ko kai tsaye a ciki. Wannan bai hana masu binciken ba, kuma sun yanke shawarar wani gwaji tare da halartar 1173 na Turai. A lokaci guda, 99% na batutuwa mata ne. Kamar yadda ya gabata, an danganta shekaru da MC1R.
Tambayar ta taso: menene abin ban mamaki game da kwayar halittar MC1R? An tabbatar da shi akai-akai cewa yana iya ɓoye nau'in mai karɓar melanocortin na 1, wanda ke da hannu cikin wasu halayen sigina. A sakamakon haka, an samar da eumelanin, wanda shine launi mai duhu. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya tabbatar da cewa kashi 80 cikin 1 na mutanen da ke da fata mai kyau ko jajayen gashi suna da MCXNUMXR da suka canza. Kasancewar spins a ciki yana rinjayar bayyanar tabo na shekaru. Har ila yau, ya juya cewa launin fata na iya, zuwa wani matsayi, rinjayar dangantaka tsakanin shekaru da alleles. Wannan dangantaka ta fi bayyana a cikin waɗanda suke da kodaddun fata. An lura da ƙungiyar mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin mutanen da fatarsu ta kasance zaitun.
Ya kamata a lura cewa MC1R yana rinjayar bayyanar shekaru, ba tare da la'akari da shekarun haihuwa ba. Wannan ya nuna cewa ƙungiyar na iya kasancewa saboda wasu siffofi na fuska. Rana na iya zama ma'auni mai ma'ana, tun da rikitattun ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar da launin ja da rawaya waɗanda ba su iya kare fata daga radiation ultraviolet. Duk da haka, babu tantama kan karfin kungiyar. A cewar yawancin masu bincike, MC1R yana da ikon yin hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin tsarin oxidative da kumburi. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don gano hanyoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ƙayyade tsufan fata.