dakin Azalea

Azalea na cikin gida shine wakilin jinsin Rhododendron (Rhododendron) da dangi na kusa da kyawawan lambun - rhododendrons masu tsayi. A cikin daji, akwai nau'ikan ɗari da yawa, amma guda biyu ne kawai kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan su suna girma a gida.

Furen azalea na cikin gida wani ɗan ƙaramin shrub ne mai tsayin 30 - 50 cm tare da furanni masu yawa da kyan gani, wanda ya sami shahararta a tsakanin masoyan tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Furancinta suna da kyau, cikin inuwar ja, fari da ruwan hoda, akwai nau'ikan lilac da corollas mai launi biyu. Ana kuma daraja azalea don yin fure a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da yawancin tsire-tsire masu fure suke hutawa.

Nau'i da nau'in ɗakin azalea

Akwai nau'ikan azaleas na cikin gida iri biyu.

Indiyawan Azalea (Indica), or Rhododendron Sims (Rhododendron simsii) (1). Mafi mashahuri nau'in, shi ne wanda za a iya samun sau da yawa akan sayarwa. Wannan shrub ne mai koren kore mai ƙanƙara koren ganye mai jajayen balaga. Furen wannan azalea na cikin gida suna da sauƙi ko sau biyu, yawanci suna kai girman 3 - 5 cm ko mafi girma kuma ana tattara su a cikin inflorescences zagaye.

Azalea Jafananci, or rhododendron obtuse Rhododendron obtusum (2). Kasa gama gari. Furaninta ƙanana ne idan aka kwatanta da na Indiyawa kuma mafi kyawun tsari. Hakanan ana iya shuka azalea na Japan azaman shukar lambu.

Dangane da nau'ikan azaleas, galibi ana san su ne kawai ga masu tarawa: ana sayar da azaleas matasan galibi a cikin shaguna da wuraren cin kasuwa, waɗanda galibi ana sayar da su a ƙarƙashin sunan "Azalea fari / ruwan hoda / ja" ko "Azalea mix", kuma wani lokacin. kawai "Azalea indica" . Irin Azalea na iya bambanta dangane da furanni: farkon hunturu ko tsakiyar hunturu - farkon bazara. Abin takaici, yana da wuya cewa za ku iya gano irin waɗannan cikakkun bayanai lokacin siyan azalea a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki - halaye na iri-iri (kuma a lokaci guda sunansa) za'a iya gano shi kawai lokacin siyan shuka daga mai tarawa.

Daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan, shahararrun su ne (3):

• Adventsgloken (Adventsgloken) - tsayi (45 - 50 cm) iri-iri tare da manyan nau'ikan da ba sau biyu ba (6 - 8 cm) furanni masu launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda waɗanda ke tsayawa akan shuka har zuwa kwanaki 20;
• Verveniana (Vervaeneana) - nau'in nau'i mai tsayi tare da manyan furanni na rabin-biyu (8 - 8,5 cm) na launin ruwan hoda tare da farin iyaka a kusa da gefuna na petals, blooms na kwanaki 190;
• Matsakaicin Tsare-tsare (Max Schäme) - tsayi, tare da furanni biyu tare da diamita na 8 - 8,5 cm, furanni masu launin salmon da aka yi da su tare da gefen gefen, suna fure tsawon kwanaki 130;
• Niobe fari (Niobealba) - tsayi (45 - 60 cm), azalea sprawling tare da fararen furanni biyu tare da diamita na 8 - 9 cm, furanni na kwanaki 80;
• snow (Schnee) - tsayi iri-iri tare da furanni masu launin fari-biyu, suna fure tsawon kwanaki 130.

Kulawar Azalea a gida

Azalea shine tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa, yana buƙatar yanayin girma. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi, azaleas yana yin nauyi zuwa yanayin yanayin tsaunuka masu sanyi da wasu nau'ikan ƙasa (4).

Ground

Ƙasa don ɗakin azalea ya kamata ya zama acidic; a cikin tsaka tsaki da ƙasa alkaline, shuka ba shi da lafiya kuma yana iya mutuwa. Daga cikin cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya, kawai na musamman sun dace da ita - don azaleas, rhododendrons, camellias da heathers.

Kwararrun masu shuka furanni suna shirya ƙasa don azaleas da kansu, amma ga masu son yana da wahala, haka ma, tare da wannan hanyar, yana da wahala a kula da mafi kyawun matakin acidity da shuka ke buƙata.

lighting

Azaleas na cikin gida sun fi son haske mai yaduwa, an hana haɓakarsu a cikin rana kai tsaye, kuma ganye da furanni na iya ƙonewa. Zai yiwu a yi girma a cikin dakin azalea a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa, amma a cikin hunturu, yayin lokacin budding da fure, azalea na iya buƙatar ƙarawa da phytolamp.

Zafin jiki

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kula da azalea na cikin gida shine samar da shi da tsarin zafin jiki mai dacewa. Azaleas suna da ƙauna mai sanyi, mafi kyawun zafin jiki a gare su a waje da lokacin furanni shine 15 - 18 ° C, kuma furen furanni galibi ana motsa shi ta hanyar rage yawan zafin jiki yayin samuwar buds zuwa 10 - 12 ° C.

A cikin gida azalea ba ya jure wa zafi zafi da kyau, babban iyaka wanda zai iya sanyawa shine kusan 20 ° C. Bugu da ƙari, canje-canje na zafin jiki na kwatsam kuma yana cutar da shuka, musamman a lokacin da aka samu toho - a cikin irin wannan yanayi za su iya fada a kashe. kuma ba za a yi fure ba.

Yana da illa ga azaleas da kasancewa a cikin daftarin aiki, duk da haka, iska na lokaci-lokaci na wurin yana da kyau a gare ta. Lokacin girma azalea a cikin ɗakin gida, ana ba da shawarar fitar da shi don bazara zuwa baranda mai daidaitawa zuwa arewa ko yamma, amma a kowane hali zuwa kudu. A cikin hunturu, yana da kyau a kiyaye shuka har zuwa nesa da na'urorin dumama kamar yadda zai yiwu; Ana iya samar da yanayi masu yarda da shi akan baranda mai ƙyalli mai ƙyalli tare da matsakaicin dumama. Idan kana zaune a cikin gidan ƙasa, wuri mafi kyau don azalea zai zama mai sanyi veranda ko terrace.

zafi

Azalea na cikin gida yana buƙatar zafi mai yawa, don haka dole ne a fesa akai-akai. A lokacin flowering, wannan ya kamata a yi musamman a hankali, saboda furanni suna duhu daga saukad da ruwa. Kuna iya fesa ruwa daga kwalban fesa mai kyau a kusa da shuka, sanya kwantena na ruwa kusa da shi, ko sanya tukunyar a cikin tire mai rigar sphagnum, yumbu mai faɗi ko tsakuwa.

Ruwa

Ruwan da ya dace shine wani wahala wajen kula da azalea na cikin gida. Shuka yana buƙatar ƙasa mai ɗanɗano, amma tare da wuce haddi na danshi, tushen rot yana shafar shi da sauri. Ƙwallon ƙasa ya kamata koyaushe ya zama ɗan ɗanɗano, bushewar sa ba za a yarda da shi ba. A lokacin furanni, azalea yana buƙatar ƙarin shayarwa fiye da yadda aka saba. Bayan an shayar da ruwa, ruwan da ya rage a cikin kwanon rufi yana kwashe nan da nan.

Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe ko a lokacin zafi, ana iya sanya akwati mai ɗaki azalea a cikin kwandon ruwan sanyi na ɗan lokaci. Wasu masu shuka suna ganin yana da amfani don canza wannan ruwan ƙasa tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun a duk shekara. Lokacin girma a cikin gida, yana da matukar amfani a yada guntuwar kankara a ƙasa a cikin tukunya maimakon shayarwa. Azalea yana jure wa sanyi da kyau, kuma a yanayin zafi mai girma, shayarwa da ruwa mai sanyi na iya rama ɗan ƙaramin abun ciki mai dumi sosai.

Ruwa don shayar da azalea yakamata ya zama mai laushi, daidaitacce (aƙalla kwanaki 2 - 3) - ƙazantattun abubuwan da ke cikin ruwan famfo na iya cutar da shuka. Lemun tsami yana da haɗari musamman a gare shi, tun da shayarwa da ruwan lemun tsami yana rage acidity na ƙasa. Itacen yana yin rashin ƙarfi ga chlorine. Kusan sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 10 - 14, ana iya ƙara 'yan digo na ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa - wannan yana taimakawa wajen kula da pH da ake bukata kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga yawan furanni na azalea.

takin mai magani

Azaleas na cikin gida sun dace da takin mai magani na musamman don azaleas, rhododendrons da camellias, zai fi dacewa a cikin ruwa. Masu noman Azalea wani lokaci suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na phosphorus da potassium da ƙarancin abun ciki na nitrogen yayin lokacin fure, amma yana da wahala ga mai son ɗanɗano mai son sanin ko wane nau'i ne ake ɗauka daidai, don haka yana da kyau a guji yin gwaji.

Ciyar

A cikin bazara da bazara, ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da shayarwa sau ɗaya a mako a cikin adadin da aka nuna a cikin umarnin. A cikin hunturu, ana amfani da suturar saman da yawa ƙasa akai-akai - sau 1 a cikin makonni 1.

trimming

Samar da kyakkyawan daji mai yawa a cikin daki azalea yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da pruning na yau da kullun.

Bayan azalea ya bushe, dole ne a cire furanni, kuma harbe ya rage da 'yan santimita. A lokaci guda, ana aiwatar da tsaftataccen daji na daji: an yanke duk busassun bushes, masu rauni da marasa fure.

A ƙarshen bazara - farkon lokacin rani, lokacin da ƙananan harbe suka bayyana a daji, suna tsunkule saman. Yana da kyau a tsunkule harbe a ko'ina cikin kakar, har sai buds sun bayyana a kan shuka. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar saka idanu bayyanar sprouts kusa da buds na furen kuma a hankali cire su. Don tsawaita furen dakin azalea, ana fizge furanni masu bushewa ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

Haihuwar dakin azalea a gida

Ana yaduwa azaleas na cikin gida ta hanyar yankan da aka yi da sinadarai. Ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a yada su a gida ba: tsarin kanta yana da sauƙi, amma ba koyaushe yana ba da sakamako ba. Ana yanke yankan a lokacin rani daga harbe matasa aƙalla watanni 6, tushen abin da ya fara lignify. Yanke ya kamata ya zama 7-10 cm tsayi kuma yana da nau'i-nau'i na ganye. An yanke shi ba tare da izini ba tare da wuka mai tsabta, mai kaifi, an cire ganyen, barin kawai saman 'yan kaɗan. Ƙananan ɓangaren yankan an yi shi da foda tare da Kornevin kuma an dasa shi zuwa zurfin 2 - 3 cm a cikin ƙasa don azaleas ko cakuda yashi da peat 1: 1. Tsarin yana da kyau sosai, an rufe akwati da wani abu mai haske. kuma a ajiye shi a wuri mai dumi a zafin jiki na 24 - 25 ° C. Kowace 'yan kwanaki, ana shayar da dasa shuki, ana kiyaye ƙasa m, amma ba rigar ba. Furen furanni na iya bayyana akan yankan - dole ne a cire su nan da nan.

Tushen yakan ɗauki watanni 1,5 - 2, siginar cewa wannan ya faru shine bayyanar ƙananan harbe. Bayan rooting, an cire matsuguni, an girma yankan dan kadan kuma a zauna a cikin kwantena daban.

Za a iya yada daji na cikin gida mai girma ta hanyar rarraba, amma wannan hanya ce mai haɗari: tsarin tushen azalea yana da rauni sosai kuma yana da hankali, don haka shuka bazai yarda da tsangwama ba.

Dakin dashen Azalea a gida

Ana dasa azaleas na cikin gida ne kawai bayan fure, lokacin da furen ke cikin lokacin hutu. Matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar dasa shuki sau ɗaya a shekara. Bayan ya kai shekaru 1-3, ana dashen azalea kowace shekara 4 ko ƙasa da haka.

Alamar cewa lokaci ya yi da za a sake dawowa furen azalea shine tushen da ke fitowa daga ramukan magudanar ruwa ko kuma a iya gani a saman ƙasa. Wajibi ne a dasa azalea na cikin gida a hankali: kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, tushen tsiron yana da rauni kuma cikin sauƙin lalacewa, kuma tushen tushen kansa yana da na sama kuma baya kwance zurfi. Lokacin dashen azalea, ƙwallon ƙasa ba ya lalata, tushen ba ya kwance.

Sabuwar akwati don azalea ya kamata ya zama ɗan ƙaramin girma fiye da tsohuwar (ta 2 - 3 cm), dole ne a shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa a ƙasa. Ana sanya Azaleas a cikin sabon tukunya domin tushen wuyan ya kasance daidai da matakin da. Ana zuba ƙasa a hankali, ba tare da tamping ba, amma kawai danna sauƙi da yatsunsu.

Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da azalea, idan ya cancanta, ƙasa tana sama idan ta daidaita.

Azalea cututtuka

Grey mold. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'i na putrefactive spots a kan ganye da harbe, sau da yawa tare da launin toka "velvety" shafi. Kwayoyin da abin ya shafa suna yin laushi kuma suna mutuwa, a ƙarshe duk tsiron ya mutu. Dalilin bayyanar launin toka mai launin toka shine kulawa mara kyau da rashin dacewa.

Don magani, an cire duk ɓangarori na shuka, ƙasa a cikin tukunya ta bushe. Yana da kyawawa don bi da shuka da ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal waɗanda ba su ƙunshi chlorine da lemun tsami ba - waɗannan na iya zama Fitosporin-M ko Fitolavin biologics ko maganin fungicides na duniya, alal misali, Fundazol (5).

Tushen ruba Mafi sau da yawa yakan bayyana saboda yawan shayarwa da tsawan ruwa a cikin tukunya ko kwanon rufi. Ganyen suna bushewa a ko'ina cikin shuka, harben ya zama masu rauni kuma suna iya rataye su kwanta. Ana iya ƙayyade ainihin dalilin matsalar kawai ta hanyar cire shuka daga tukunya: baƙar fata, slimy, tushen da aka rabu da sauƙi ya zama bayyane.

Don adana azalea, ana cire irin waɗannan tushen, ana jiƙa tushen tsarin a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate ko shirye-shiryen fungicidal, sannan an dasa shuka a cikin sabuwar ƙasa. Ko da an fara jinya akan lokaci, yuwuwar azalea ta tsira daga ruɓewar tushen ba ta da yawa.

Phytophthora. Cutar da ke da haɗari na ɗakin azalea, wanda ba koyaushe ake warkewa ba. Alamun farko sune launin ruwan kasa tare da iyakar haske akan ganye. Bayan lokaci, suna karuwa, sassan shuka sun fara mutuwa.

Yana yiwuwa a ajiye ɗakin azalea wanda ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da rashin lafiya a cikin lokuta masu wuya. Don yin wannan, an cire sassan da abin ya shafa, ana bi da shuka tare da fungicides (Consento, Revus, Ordan (5)) kuma a dasa shi cikin sabuwar ƙasa.

Chlorosis. Ganyen sai su koma kodadde su fara canza launin tsakanin jijiyoyi, sannan a cikin farantin ganyen gaba ɗaya, ya bushe ya mutu. Dalilin wannan cuta ba kamuwa da cuta ba ne, amma rashin isasshen acidity na ƙasa. Wannan yana faruwa, alal misali, lokacin shayarwa da ruwa mara kyau ko mai tsananin gaske.

Ana magance matsalar ta hanyar ƙara ruwan lemun tsami ko citric acid a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa; a lokuta masu tsanani, dole ne a dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mai kyau tare da isasshen acidity.

Azalea kwari

Furen azalea na cikin gida yana shafar kwari iri ɗaya kamar sauran tsire-tsire na cikin gida: mites gizo-gizo, sikelin kwari, aphids, whiteflies da thrips.

Idan akwai 'yan kwari, wanke shuka tare da sabulu koren yana taimakawa, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, zaka iya amfani da sabulun gida. Ana maimaita hanya sau 2-3 tare da tazara na kwanaki da yawa.

Idan akwai mummunan lalacewa ta hanyar aphids ko whiteflies, ana iya bi da shuka tare da Actellik ko Fitoverm; Ana ba da shawarar Aktara don mites gizo-gizo, kwari masu sikelin da thrips (5). Idan azalea ya yi fure a wannan lokacin, furen dole ne a yi hadaya: bayan fesa shirye-shirye, za su rasa tasirin adonsu.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi magana game da siffofin girma azaleas tare da Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Tushen

1. Rhododendron simsii // Jerin Shuka http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2427105
2. Rhododendron obtusum // Jerin Shuka http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-12303064
3. Visyashcheva LV, Sokolova TA Masana'antar fure-fure. Littafin karatu don makarantun fasaha // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
4. Azalea Society of America https://www.azaleas.org/
5. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/bayanai-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/