Theanemia matsala ce ta gama gari da aka fi sani da a rashin jajayen kwayoyin halitta. Kwayoyin jajayen kwayoyin halitta ne da ake samu a cikin jini. Ana amfani da su, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don samar da iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda da gabobin.

Mutanen da ke da anemia na iya ji gajiya et gudu daga tururi cikin sauki fiye da yadda aka saba, domin dole ne zukatansu su kara himma wajen wadata jikinsu da iskar oxygen.

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, kashi 25% na al’ummar duniya na fama da matsalar karancin jini¹. Ana tsammanin rabin waɗannan lamuran ana iya danganta su da su rashi sinadirai a iron. mata masu yawan haila. yara da masu zuwa makaranta da mata masu juna biyu sun fi fuskantar hadarin anemia.

Sanadin

Yawancin yanayi na iya haifar da anemia.

• A baƙin ƙarfe.
• A bitamin rashi.
• A na kullum cuta ko cutar sankarau.
• A cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke kai ga misali ga halakar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da sauri.
• A ciwon jini, wato kwararar jini a wajen magudanar jini.

Babban nau'ikan anemia

• Karancin karancin baƙin ƙarfe. Shi ne mafi yawan nau'in anemia. Yawancin lokaci da rashin abinci mai ƙarancin ƙarfe sune abubuwan da suka fi dacewa. Rashin baƙin ƙarfe anemia yana canza girman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda suka zama ƙasa da na al'ada (microcytic anemia). Don ƙarin bayani, duba takaddar gaskiyar ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfe ɗinmu.
• Anemia da ke haifar da karancin bitamin. Irin wannan nau'in anemia yana haifar da manyan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini masu nakasa (macrocytic anemia). Mafi yawan su ne waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarancin bitamin B12 ko bitamin B9 (folic acid). Na farko zai iya faruwa saboda rashin isasshen abinci na wannan bitamin, rashin shayarwa a cikin hanji, ko kuma yanayin da ake kira cutar anemia. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, duba takardar gaskiyar rashi B12 mu.
• Anemia lalacewa ta hanyar rashin lafiya. Yawancin cututtuka na yau da kullum (da kuma wasu lokuta maganin su) na iya rage adadin jajayen kwayoyin da ke yawo a cikin jini. Wannan shi ne yanayin ciwon daji, cutar Crohn da cututtuka masu kumburi irin su rheumatoid arthritis. Har ila yau gazawar koda yana iya haifar da anemia saboda koda yana fitar da erythropoietin, hormone da ke motsa samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Koyaya, waɗannan suna riƙe girmansu na yau da kullun da kamanni (normocytic anemia).
• Haemorrhagic anemia. Yawan zubar jini bayan hatsari mai tsanani, tiyata ko haihuwa, alal misali, na iya haifar da anemia da sauri. Wasu matsalolin ciki (watau ciwon hanji, polyps na hanji ko ciwon daji) na iya haifar da ita, amma wannan lokacin yana haifar da zubar jini kadan kuma akai-akai a cikin stool (wani lokacin ba a iya gani), na tsawon lokaci.
• Anaemia mai raunin jini. Irin wannan nau'in anemia yana da saurin lalata ƙwayoyin jini. Yana iya zama saboda yanayin tsarin rigakafi (autoimmune ko rashin lafiyan), ga kasancewar guba a cikin jini, ga cututtuka (misali, zazzabin cizon sauro), ko ma zama na haihuwa (sickle cell anemia, thalassaemia, da dai sauransu). Sigar haihuwa ta fi shafar mutanen Afirka.
• Sideroblastic anemia. Wannan kalma ta ƙunshi ƙungiyar anemias da ba kasafai ba a cikinta waɗanda jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ba za su iya gyara baƙin ƙarfe a cikin haemoglobin ba. Wannan matsala ce ta enzymatic ta gado ko asali. Sa'an nan kuma ƙwayoyin jajayen jinin sun yi ƙasa da na al'ada.
• Ruwan jini (ko aplastic). Wannan cuta da ba kasafai ake samunta ba tana faruwa ne lokacin da bargon kashi ya daina samar da isassun ƙwayoyin jini. Don haka, ba wai kawai rashin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ba ne, har ma da fararen ƙwayoyin jini da platelets. A cikin 50% na lokuta, anemia aplastic yana haifar da abubuwa masu guba, wasu kwayoyi ko fallasa zuwa radiation. Hakanan ana iya bayyana shi ta wasu cututtuka masu tsanani, kamar ciwon daji na kasusuwa (misali, cutar sankarar bargo).

bincike

Tun da mutum ba zai iya dogara da alamun cutar kadai don kafa a ganewar asali, wajibi ne a gudanar da gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na a samfurin jini. Cikakkun adadin jini (cikakkiyar adadin jini) likita ne ya tsara shi.

A nan ne 3 manyan sigogi :

• Matsayin haemoglobin : maida hankali na haemoglobin (launi na numfashi da ke kunshe a cikin kwayoyin jinin jini) a cikin jini, wanda aka bayyana a cikin grams na haemoglobin a kowace lita na jini (g / l) ko 100 ml na jini (g / 100 ml ko g / dl).
• Hematocrit matakin : rabon, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi, na ƙarar da jajayen sel na jinin samfurin jini (wanda ya wuce ta centrifuge) dangane da ƙarar duka jinin da ke cikin wannan samfurin.
• Yawan kwayar jinin jini : adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da ke ƙunshe a cikin wani adadin jini, yawanci ana bayyana su a cikin miliyoyin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a kowace microlita na jini (miliyoyin / µl).

Dabi'u na al'ada

ra'ayi. Wadannan dabi'u na haemoglobin da hematocrit sune al'ada ga 95% na mutane. Wannan yana nufin cewa 5% na mutane suna da ƙimar "marasa daidaitattun" yayin da suke cikin koshin lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon da ke cikin ƙananan iyaka na al'ada na iya nuna farkon anemia idan sun kasance mafi girma.

wasu gwaje-gwaje na jini ana iya buƙata don bayyana ganewar asali da kuma gano dalilin cutar anemia. Dangane da lamarin, jarrabawar da yanke hukunci jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, da sashi na iron ko daban bitamin a cikin jini, da dai sauransu.