Adenomegaly shine haɓakar nodes na lymph, haɓakar da za a iya haifar da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kuma alaka da kasancewar ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, musamman.

Lokacin da ya shafi ganglia na mediastinum, yana da ƙwayar lymphadenopathy na mediastinal, lymphadenopathy na mahaifa idan karuwar girma ya shafi ƙwayar lymph na wuyansa, ko kuma axillary lymphadenopathy lokacin da waɗannan su ne ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph (wani sunan lymph nodes) dake cikin armpits wanda aka kara girma. Hakanan yana iya zama inguinal, kuma yana shafar nodes ɗin da ke cikin makwancin gwaiwa. Adenomegaly sau da yawa yana haifar da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci a kan tsarin rigakafi, wanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph ke da mahimmanci.

Adenomegaly, menene?

Etymologically, adenomegaly yana nufin karuwa a cikin girman gland: wannan kalma ya fito daga Girkanci, "adên" wanda ke nufin "gland" da "mega" wanda ke nufin babba. Don haka Adenomegaly wani girma ne na ƙwayoyin lymph, wani lokaci kuma ana kiran su lymph nodes, biyo bayan kamuwa da kwayar cuta, kwayoyin cuta ko parasite, ko ciwon daji, musamman.

Lymph nodes ne nodules dake tare da tasoshin lymphatic a wasu sassan jiki:

• Lymph nodes a cikin mediastinum suna cikin mediastinum, tsakiyar yankin haƙarƙari (wanda yake tsakanin huhu biyu, kusa da zuciya, trachea, bronchi, da esophagus). Idan sun girma, za mu yi magana game da lymphadenopathy na mediastinal.
• Kwayoyin lymph na mahaifa suna cikin wuyansa: lokacin da girman su ya karu, akwai lymphadenopathy na mahaifa.
• Idan adenomegaly ya shafi nodes na lymph da ke ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙwasa, ana kiran shi axillary lymphadenopathy.
• A ƙarshe, lokacin da wannan hypertrophy ya shafi ƙwayoyin lymph na inguinal, ko dai a cikin makwancin gwaiwa, za mu haifar da inguinal lymphadenopathy.

Yadda za a gane adenomegaly?

Likitan yakan bayyana girman nodes ɗin ƙwayoyin lymph a lokacin binciken asibiti. Lallai ne a kan ɓacin rai likita zai iya gano kullun da ba a saba ba a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymph.

A wasu lokuta majiyyaci na iya ji da kansa bayyanar wani ɗan ƙaramin “kumburi” ko “taro” a cikin hannaye, wuyansa ko makwancinsa, wani lokacin tare da zazzabi.

Wasu hanyoyin na iya tabbatar da ganewar asali, kamar duban dan tayi da sauran nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen hoto. A cikin thorax, musamman, waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphadenopathies na mediastinal za a yi amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da thoracic computed tomography, kuma ana iya samun ganewar asali, dangane da wurin da suke, ta hanyar mediastinoscopy (binciken mediastinum ta hanyar endoscope), mediastinotomy (incision na mediastinum). ko thoracoscopy. Histology ya sa ya yiwu, ta hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halitta, don sanin ko lymphadenopathy yana da mummunan rauni ko a'a.

hadarin dalilai

Mutanen da ba su da rigakafi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, sabili da haka na tasowa adenomegaly: marasa lafiya da HIV, alal misali, ko marasa lafiya akan maganin rigakafi. 

Kamuwa da cuta kanta abu ne mai haɗari ga adeomegaly.

Dalilan haɓakar nodes na lymph: haɗi zuwa rawar da suke takawa a cikin rigakafi

Lymph nodes ne nodules da ake amfani da su don tace lymph. Suna kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin martanin garkuwar jiki, don haka a cikin kariya.

Don haka, a cikin waɗannan ganglia ne ake gabatar da antigens na jikin waje (waɗanda suke da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda za su iya zama ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko parasites), zuwa ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki waɗanda ake kira T da B lymphocytes. (watau fararen jini).

Bayan wannan gabatarwar antigenic, martanin rigakafi na jiki zai fara shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, ko ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na jiki (sau da yawa ciwace-ciwace). Wannan amsa ya ƙunshi ko dai samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ta B lymphocytes (wanda ake kira immunity na humoral) ko amsawar salula, wanda ake kira amsawar cytotoxic, wanda ya ƙunshi CD8 T lymphocytes (amsar da ake kira rigakafi ta salula). 

Daga wannan kunnawa na amsawar rigakafi a cikin ganglion ne za a bayyana hypertrophy da aka gani a cikin yanayin adenomegaly: a gaskiya ma, yawan adadin lymphocytes (watau sel na ganglion) yana karuwa sosai yana haifar da karuwa. girman kumburin lymph. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma faruwa cewa ƙwayoyin ciwon daji sun shiga cikin ƙwayar lymph, suna sake ƙara girmansa. Kwayoyin kumburi kuma na iya ninkawa a wurin, har ma da kwayoyin garkuwar jikin ganglion, wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na ganglia.

Dalilai masu kyau

Wasu dalilai marasa kyau na girman girman kumburin ƙwayar lymph sun haɗa da:

• sarcoidosis (cututtukan jiki na jiki wanda ba a san shi ba);
• tarin fuka, wanda aka gano musamman bayan mediastinal lymphadenopathy;
• da sauran cututtukan da za a iya warkewa, irin su mononucleosis da cutar Epstein-Barr ke haifarwa, da sauransu.

Muggan dalilai

Akwai munanan dalilai, daga cikinsu:

• ciwace-ciwacen daji, ciwon daji da metastases, irin su lymphomas na Hodgkin ko wadanda ba Hodgkin ba, kuma galibi ana gano su ta hanyar lymphadenopathy mediastinal (bin x-ray na kirji);
• cututtuka na autoimmune: musamman lupus, ko rheumatoid amosanin gabbai;
• cututtuka masu tsanani, irin su waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kwayar cutar AIDS, HIV, ko ciwon hanta, da dai sauransu.

Babban haɗari na rikitarwa na adeomegaly shine, a gaskiya, yana da alaƙa da iliminsa:

• Game da ciwace-ciwacen daji, ƙwayar cuta na iya rikidewa zuwa mummunan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta ko ma bayyanar metastases, wato yaduwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a nesa da lymphadenopathy.
• Game da kamuwa da cutar kanjamau, cutar kanjamau, rikice-rikicen su ne na rashin ƙarfi na rigakafi, watau ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da kowane nau'in cututtuka.
• Cututtukan autoimmune kuma suna da juyin halitta tare da haɗarin manyan rikice-rikice, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwo mai tsanani da nakasa musamman.

Maganin zai kasance na cutar da aka gano dangane da ƙwayar lymph mai girma:

• maganin rigakafi ko maganin rigakafi, ko ma antiparasitic, idan gaban kumburin kumburin lymph ya kasance saboda kwayoyin cuta (kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko parasite);
• maganin ciwon daji a cikin yanayin ciwon daji, wanda zai iya haɗawa da radiotherapy da chemotherapy;
• immunosuppressants, misali a cikin yanayin cututtuka na autoimmune.
• Tiyata, a wasu lokuta, zai cire kumburi.

Don haka Adenomegaly alama ce cewa yana da mahimmanci don ganowa da sauri da sauri, kuma don bayar da rahoto da sauri ga likitan ku: na ƙarshe zai iya yin gwajin asibiti ta hanyar palpation da zarar an ji wani abu mara kyau a cikin mahaifa, axillary ko yankunan inguinal, ko an gano shi akan x-ray na ƙirji, don ƙwayoyin lymphadenopathy na mediastinal. Wannan ƙwararriyar kiwon lafiya na iya yanke shawarar irin maganin da za a fara ko wacce ƙwararrun da za a tuntuɓi. Don haka, da zarar an magance dalilin adenomegaly, mafi girman damar dawowa.