"Ka'idar ba tare da aiki ba ta mutu," in ji babban kwamandan Suvorov, kuma ina jin cewa a wani yanayi na rayuwa Alexander Vasilyevich zai zama fitaccen mai dafa abinci. Bayan haka, menene kowane girke-girke idan ba ka'idar ba? Mai dafa abinci ko kuma mai masaukin baki na iya kallon hotunan mataki-mataki a banza, amma idan basu san abubuwan yau da kullun ba, girke-girke ya kasance a gare su rubutun da ba za a iya fahimta ba a cikin mataccen yare.
Da yawa daga cikin ku za suyi alfahari cewa kun san yadda ake toya da kyau (a cikin kwanon rufi, ba shakka)? Gaskiya, Ba koyaushe nake cin nasara ba. Kuma idan baku da shirin ajiye duniya na mintuna 5 masu zuwa, ku sanya kanku dadi, bari mu daidaita shi tare.
Menene soya?
Lokacin da muke magana akan soya, muna nufin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin maganin zafin abinci, wanda ake canja zafi ta amfani da mai mai zafi ko mai. A cikin kashi 90% na lokuta, ana amfani da kwanon frying don soya.*, wanda aka kara mai kuma ana soya kayan har sai ya zama ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa. Kuma idan na bar zaɓin samfurin ga ikonku na yanzu, yana da daraja magana game da sauran halayen a cikin dalla-dalla.
Pan
Idan kuna tunanin yanzu zan tona wani mugun sirrin kuma in gaya muku wane kwanon da ya dace don soya, dole ne in kunyata ku. Na farko, babu wata yarjejeniya a tsakanin al'ummar kimiyya a kan wannan ci: wasu mutane sun ce mafi kyawun kwanon frying shine ƙarfe na kaka, wasu sun fi son fitila mai haske da na zamani tare da sutura mara sanda. Abu na biyu, kwanon frying daban -daban sun dace da nau'ikan soya daban -daban: alal misali, idan za ku soya naman sa nama, kwanon frying ɗaya ya dace da ku, amma idan kuna soya zucchini pancakes, to wani.*… Gabaɗaya, kwanon rufi mai kyau ya kamata ya sami waɗannan masu zuwa:
- lokacin farin ciki - don kyau har ma da rarraba zafi*;
- babban fili - don a sami soyayyen abinci a lokaci guda;
- dadi - bayan kun sanya kwanon rufi a kan wuta, magudi da wannan kayan aikin ba su ƙare ba, kuma idan makarar, alal misali, ta cika zafi da sauri, wannan ba shi da kyau.
Amma abin da ba shi da sanda shine takobi mai kaifi biyu. Tabbas, ya dace, amma a zahiri, baku buƙatar shi sau da yawa, kuma bayan dogon amfani, irin wannan rufin na iya ɓarkewa da shiga cikin abinci, wanda kwata-kwata ba'a so.
Tushen zafi
Wato, murhu. Idan kuka tambaye ni abin da ya fi dacewa da soya, zan amsa ba tare da jinkiri ba - a kan wuta. Wutar tana da saukin daidaitawa*, da sauri yana zafin kwanon rufi kuma yana ba ka damar sarrafa aikin ta hanyar gani. A zahiri ban yi ma'amala da masu dafa abinci ba, amma idan na fahimci yadda suke aiki daidai, irin waɗannan masu dafa abincin sun yi kyau kamar masu dafa gas, amma, ba kowane irin kwanon soya ne za a iya sawa ba. Ba'a saba wa murhun wutar lantarki don soyawa ba: suna yin zafi a hankali, suna yin sanyi har ma da sannu a hankali, kuma idan ƙasan kwanon ruwar yana harbawa yayin aikin dumama*, zaiyi zafi ba daidai ba. Abin ban mamaki, Ina da murhun lantarki a gida, don haka na san abin da nake magana game da shi.
Oil
Hali na uku, ba tare da shi ba aikin ba zai fara ba, shine mai. Shahararrun jita-jita suna faɗar (kuma 'yan kasuwa suna maimaitawa da farin ciki) cewa kuna iya soya a cikin kwanon ruɓaɓɓen itace ba tare da ƙara mai ba kwata-kwata - amma idan kuna son wannan suturar kada ta kuɓe bayan amfani da yawa, koda a cikin irin wannan kwanon yana da mafi daidai toya tare da 'yan digon mai… Ga sauran, ba zan buge a daji ba:' yan watannin da suka gabata na rubuta labarin Wane irin mai zan soya da shi, inda na binciko hanyoyi daban-daban da haduwa na fitar da su, a ganina, wanda ya dace.
Zafin jiki
A fahimtata, soyayyar daidai ita ce soya inda duk abin da ke faruwa a cikin kwanon rufi yana ƙarƙashin ikonmu gabaɗaya, kuma tunda magana ce ta maganin zafin rana, sarrafa zafin jiki ya zo kan gaba. Labari mai dadi shine bamu buƙatar ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da auna da Bradis - maki uku na zafin jiki suna da mahimmanci yayin soyawa, kuma suna da sauƙin tantance gani:
- tafasasshen ruwa - tsoho 100 digiri Celsius*… Ruwa yana cikin kowane samfurin, kuma akan hulɗa da mai, yana fara fitowa daga gareshi. Idan mai yayi dumu-dumu a saman tafasasshen ruwa, nan take yana kumbura kuma baya tsoma baki cikin aikin soyawar. Idan man ya zafafa zuwa zafin da ke kasa da digiri 100*, ruwan ba zai ƙafe ba, kuma samfurin ba za a soya ba, amma a dafa shi cikin cakudadden mai mai sanyaya da ruwan nasa.
- Layin zazzabi na Maillard - yanayin zafi wanda tasirin sinadari zai fara tsakanin amino acid da sugars da ke cikin samfurin, wanda ke haifar da samuwar wannan zoben na zinare sosai. Wannan aikin, wanda Bafaranshen nan Louis-Camille Maillard ya bayyana a cikin 1912, yana farawa ne daga yanayin zafi na digiri na 140-165 Celsius. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kuka soya abinci a cikin mai mai zafi zuwa digiri 130, za a soya, ba a dafa su, amma ba za ku sami ɓawon burodi ba.
- wurin hayakin mai - zafin da man ke fara shan sigari tabbatacciyar alama ce cewa sinadarin sinadarinsa ya fara canzawa, kuma sinadarin carcinogens ya fara samuwa a cikinsa. Frying a cikin mai mai zafi zuwa wannan zafin jiki ba a ba da shawarar ba*.
Kamar yadda kake gani, man da yayi sanyi sosai mara kyau, zafi mai yawa shima mara kyau, kuma neman wannan ma'anar zinariya ce wacce ta zama babban cikas ga masu farawa waɗanda har yanzu basu koyi yadda ake toya yadda yakamata ba.
Practice
Bari mu matsa zuwa bangaren amfani da soya, a cikin tsarin amsar tambaya.
Yaushe za a ƙara mai - zuwa gwanin sanyi ko zuwa wanda aka rigaya da zafi? A ka'idar, zabi na biyu yafi dacewa, amma idan bakada tabbas cewa zaka iya kama lokacin da ya dace ba tare da dumama kwanon rufin ba, zafafa mai tare da kaskon. Zaku iya duba yanayin zafin nasa ta hanyoyin da suka dace - ta hanyar sanya tafin hannunku santimita biyu daga saman man fetur* ko fesawa a cikin mai tare da diga guda biyu na ruwa: idan sun murkushe, sai su shiga ciki su huce kusan nan da nan, to zaku iya fara soyawa.
Mene ne idan man ya overheats kuma ya fara shan taba? Cire gwaninta daga zafi* kuma murza shi a hankali don sanyaya mai da sauri. Idan man ya ci gaba da shan hayaki da duhu, zai fi kyau a zuba shi, a goge kaskon, sai a fara.
Mene ne idan an kara abinci a cikin man da sauri kuma baya son soya? Yana faruwa. Ƙara zafi kadan kuma barin abinci kadai. Nan ba da jimawa ba za ku ji sautin ƙararrawa - tabbataccen alamar cewa man ya yi zafi kuma ruwan ya fara ƙafewa. Da zaran ruwan 'ya'yan itacen da suka sami nasarar sakin samfuran sun ƙaura, za su fara soya, bayan haka ana iya juye su kuma a ci gaba da toya kamar yadda aka saba.
Idan samfuran sun yi yawa fa? Soya a matakai da yawa. Shawarwari na yau da kullum shine a shimfiɗa samfurori a cikin kwanon rufi don kada su hadu da juna: a wannan yanayin, babu abin da zai hana ruwan 'ya'yan itace da suke fitarwa daga kyauta.
Menene za a yi idan abinci ya tsaya a cikin kwanon rufi? Kuma wannan yana faruwa - kuma mafi sau da yawa fiye da yadda muke so. Ci gaba da soya kuma, riƙe kwanon rufi ta hanyar riƙewa, motsa shi gaba da baya. Bayan minti daya ko biyu, lokacin da ɓawon burodi ya samo, samfurin zai goge kwanon rufi da kansa.
Ta yaya zan hana abinci daga ƙonawa ba tare da murfin mara sanda ba? Hanyar da aka bayyana a sama tana aiki kusan aibi-amma, alal misali, soya kifi a cikin kwanon rufi ba tare da rufi ba don kada fata ta liƙa a ƙasan tukunyar tana da wahala ƙwarai. A wannan yanayin, yanke da'irar takarda, sanya shi a kasan faranti, kuma toya a kai.*.
Idan har yanzu kuna da tambayoyi game da yadda ake koyan yadda ake soya da kyau, tambaye su a cikin sharhin. Duk abin da mutum zai faɗi, ana amfani da soya sau da yawa fiye da, faɗi, tururi, kuma kowa ya mallaki wannan fasaha.