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Source - www.novayagazeta.ru
Wata sabuwar akida ce ta mamaye duniya, kuma sunan wannan akidar shi ne akidar sassaucin ra'ayi. Masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun hana jihar 'yancin yin yaki da kama mutane, amma suna ganin ya kamata jihar ta bai wa kowa kudi, gidaje da ilimi. Masu sassaucin ra'ayi na masu sassaucin ra'ayi suna kiran kowace kasa ta Yamma a matsayin mulkin kama-karya, kuma duk wani dan ta'adda da aka yiwa wata kasa ta yamma.
Masu sassaucin ra'ayi masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun musanta 'yancin yin rikici ga Isra'ila kuma sun amince da ita ga Falasdinawa. Wani mai sassaucin ra'ayi da babbar murya ya yi tir da yadda Amurka ke kashe fararen hula a Iraki, amma idan ka tuna masa cewa a Iraki 'yan bindiga ne ke kashe farar hula, zai dube ka kamar ka yi wani abu mara kyau ko kuma ba daidai ba.
Mai sassaucin ra'ayi ba ya gaskata ko kalma ɗaya ta ƙasa kuma ya gaskata kowace kalma ta ɗan ta'adda.
Ta yaya abin ya faru da cewa masu kiyayya da jama'a da kuma ba da goyon baya ga 'yan ta'adda suka yi amfani da "ƙimar Yammacin Turai" kawai? Ta yaya ya faru cewa "ƙimar Turai" tana nufin wani abu da zai zama kamar wauta da lalata ga Turai a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMXth? Kuma ta yaya hakan zai ƙare ga al'umma mai buɗe ido?
Lori Berenson
A cikin 1998 Amnesty International ta amince da wani Lori Berenson a matsayin fursunan siyasa.
Laurie Berenson wata 'yar gwagwarmayar hagu ce ta Amurka wacce ta zo Peru a 1995 kuma ta fara zuwa majalisa da yin hira da wakilai a can. Waɗannan hirarrakin, ta wani bakon kwatsam, ba su taɓa fitowa a ko'ina ba. Laurie Berenson ya je majalisar ne tare da mai daukar hoto Nancy Gilvonio, wacce kuma ta wani bakon yanayi, matar Nestor Carpa, shugaban kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Tupac Amaru Movement na biyu.
Tare da Nancy, an kama ta. Gidan matar Ba’amurke ya zama hedkwatar ‘yan ta’addan da ke shirin mamaye majalisar. Sun gano tsare-tsare na Majalisar, da rigar ‘yan sanda da kuma tarin makamai, ciki har da sanduna 3 na dynamite. A yayin harin, an kashe 'yan ta'adda uku, sannan an kama goma sha hudu da ransu. Lokacin da aka gabatar da Berenson ga jama'a, ta yi kururuwa da babbar murya, tana mai damke hannunta: "Tupac Amaru" ba 'yan ta'adda ba ne - 'yan juyin juya hali ne.
An yanke wa Lori Berenson hukunci ne da wani alkali mai rufa-rufa, domin kungiyar Tupac Amaru tana da dabi’a a lokacin harbin alkalan da suka yanke musu hukunci. A shari'ar, Laurie Berenson ta bayyana cewa ba ta san komai ba. Me, mai daukar hotonta matar Karpa ce? E, ba ta da masaniya! Me, gidanta ne hedkwatar 'yan ta'adda? Me kike cewa ita bata sani ba! Ina rahotanninta? Don haka ta dafa su, ta dafa su, amma gwamnatin Peruvian mai zubar da jini ta sace duk bayananta.
Tabbacin Lori Berenson bai yi kama da mai gamsarwa ba ga kotun Peruvian ko kuma ga Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, wacce ba ta goyi bayan dan uwanta ba. Duk da haka, da alama suna da gamsarwa ga Amnesty International. Ba a dakatar da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama ba har ma da cewa lokacin da a watan Disamba na 1996 "Motsawa zuwa gare su. Tupac Amaru» ofishin jakadancin Japan ya kama shi, sannan a cikin jerin mambobin kungiyar da 'yan ta'addar suka bukaci a sako su, sunan Laurie Berenson ya kasance a matsayi na uku.
Moazzam Begg
Moazzam Begg, Bature, dan asalin Pakistan, memba na Al-Qaeda, ya koma Afghanistan a shekara ta 2001. Kamar yadda Begg da kansa ya rubuta, "Ina so in zauna a cikin kasar Islama, ba tare da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin tausayi ba." Afganistan a karkashin mulkin Taliban ya zama kamar Begg kamar haka, wuri mai 'yanci da kyau da gaske.
Kafin ya koma Afghanistan, Begg, ta hanyar shigarsa, an horar da shi a akalla sansanonin ta'addanci uku. Ya kuma yi tafiya zuwa Bosnia inda ya yi wani kantin sayar da littattafai a Landan yana sayar da littafai na jihadi. Littafin da ya fi shahara a shagon shi ne Defence of the Islamic Land, wanda shugaban al-Qaeda Abdullah Azzam ya rubuta.
Bayan da Amurkawa suka shiga Afghanistan, Begg ya gudu tare da bin Laden zuwa Toro Boro sannan ya koma Pakistan. An kama shi ne saboda an gano wani banki da sunan Moazzam Begg a sansanin horar da al-Qaeda da ke Derunt.
Begg ya shafe shekaru da yawa a Guantanamo kuma an sake shi a shekara ta 2005. Bayan haka, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tauraro na Amnesty International. Da kudin Amnesty, ya zagaya Turai tare da laccoci game da yadda masu kisan gilla a Amurka suka azabtar da shi.
Amnesty International ba ta ji kunyar cewa, a lokaci guda tare da ayyukan haƙƙin ɗan adam, Begg ya ci gaba da yin farfagandar ta'addanci kai tsaye. A matsayinsa na shugaban kungiyar Islama (dukkan shugabannin da suka gabata an daure su ne saboda ta'addanci), ya shirya laccoci da Anwar al-Awlaki ya yi a Burtaniya (ta hanyar watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo, ba shakka, saboda a yanayin bayyanar jiki a cikin yankin. United Kingdom, da an kama al-Awlaki).
Amnesty International ba ta ji kunya ba game da yadda labaran Begg game da azabtarwa da ba za a iya jurewa ba a Guantanamo sun yi daidai da umarnin abin da ake kira. Manual na Manchester na al-Qaeda kuma yayi daidai da al'adar ''takqiyya'', wato, karya da gangan ga kafirai, wanda mai kishin Islama ba zai iya ba, amma dole ne ya yi amfani da shi.
Amnesty ba ta ji kunya ba ganin cewa waɗannan labaran sun saba wa hankali. Idan da gaske an azabtar da mutumin da ke da tarihin Begg, da an yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai-da-rai uku.
Amma lokacin da ma'aikaciyar Amnesty International Gita Sangal ta tunatar da jama'a cewa Begg mamba ce ta al-Qaeda, an kore ta daga aiki. Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta bayyana Geeta Sangal persona ba grata ba, kuma ba kamar Moazzam Begg ba, ta kasa samun tallafi daga wani lauya mai kare hakkin dan Adam.
Colombia
An zabi Alvaro Uribe shugaban kasar Colombia a shekara ta 2002.
A wannan lokacin, Colombia ta kasance kasa ta kasa ("jihar da ba ta iya aiki." - Kimanin ed.). Akalla kashi 10 cikin XNUMX na kasar na karkashin ikon 'yan tawaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne, wadanda bayan shekaru da dama na tashin hankalin da aka kafa. Pablo Escobar, wanda shi ne wanda ya kafa Medellin Cartel a nan gaba, ya kusa fadawa hannun ‘yan tawayen da suka yi wa garinsu Titiribi kisan kiyashi yana da shekaru bakwai.
'Yan tawayen na hagu, Chusmeros, ne suka fara al'ada da ake kira "Colombian tie" - wannan shine lokacin da aka yanke wuyan mutum kuma aka ciro harshe ta makogwaro. Corte de Florero, ko Flower Vase, shima ya shahara - wannan shine lokacin da ot.eeelegs na mutum suka makale a cikin buɗaɗɗen ciki. A cikin 50s, Chusmeros sun kashe mutane 300.
Amsar ta'addancin hagu, idan aka yi la'akari da gazawar gwamnati, ita ce ta'addancin dama; a larduna daban-daban, jama'a sun haɗu a rukunin kare kai masu cin gashin kansu. A farkon karni na 20, Autodefencas Unidas de Colombia ya ƙunshi mayaƙa fiye da dubu 19. An samu kudin hannun hagu daga safarar miyagun kwayoyi. Wadanda suka dace kuma. Lokacin da Pablo Escobar ya buƙaci lalata fayilolin kotun da aka adana a Kotun Koli, kawai ya biya 'yan tawaye daga M-1985, kuma a cikin 300 sun kama su kuma suka ƙone gidan kotu tare da masu garkuwa da XNUMX.
Haka kuma akwai masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi. Akwai kuma masu garkuwa da mutane da suka yi awon gaba da attajirai, ciki har da. musamman dillalan magunguna.
Mai kwarjini mai aiki da ascetic, Uribe ya yi abin da ba zai yiwu ba: ya ta da rugujewar yanayi. A cikin shekaru biyu, daga 2002 zuwa 2004, yawan hare-haren ta'addanci da garkuwa da mutane a Colombia ya ragu da rabi, adadin kisan kai - da kashi 27%.
A farkon shugabancin Uribe, ƙungiyoyin jin kai da masu zaman kansu 1300 sun yi aiki a Colombia. Yawancinsu sun ba da taimako ga 'yan tawayen hagu; a shekara ta 2003, Shugaba Uribe a karon farko ya ba da kansa ya kira cat a cat kuma ya yi kira ga "masu kare ta'addanci" da su daina boye ra'ayoyinsu a bayan 'yancin ɗan adam.
Me ya fara a nan! Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amnesty International da Human Rights Watch sun kai hari kan Amurka da Turai tare da korafe-korafen neman a kaurace wa Colombia da "manufofinta da ke zurfafa rikicin kare hakkin bil'adama a cikin kasar" (Amnesty International) da "kaucewa goyon bayan dokar da za ta ba da damar sojoji gudanar da kamawa da bincike ba bisa ka'ida ba" (HRW).
A cikin Mayu 2004, Shugaba Uribe ya zargi 'yan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na kasashen waje daga Peace Brigades International da Fellowship Of Reconciliation, wadanda suka goyi bayan "Peace Commune" a San Jose de Apartado, da taimakawa 'yan ta'addar FARC.
Kiran kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam game da wannan ya karya dukkan bayanan; Lokacin da, bayan wata guda, wannan FARC ta kashe manoma 34 a La Gabarra, Amnesty International ta yi shiru.
Shekaru shida sun shude; Dan ta'addan FARC na biyu, Daniel Saer Martinez wanda aka fi sani da Sameer, ya koma gwamnati kuma ya shaida wa jaridar Wall Street Journal's Mary O'Grady na sabis mai kima mai mahimmanci na Kwamitin Aminci a San Jose de Apartado, tare da Peace Brigades International da Fellowship, suna yin hakan. ga 'yan ta'addar miyagun kwayoyi. Na sulhuntawa.
A cewar Martinez, an gudanar da farfaganda a cikin Kwamitin Aminci kamar Hamas: a karkashin "zaman lafiya", kungiyar ta ki yarda da sojojin gwamnati a cikin yankinta, amma ko da yaushe tana ba da mafakar FARC, idan an kashe dan ta'adda, ya a ko da yaushe aka fallasa a matsayin farar hula.
Mungiki
A shekara ta 2009, wanda ya kafa Wikileaks, kwararre a fannin kwamfuta na Australia Julian Assange, ya samu lambar yabo ta Amnesty International saboda rawar da ya taka wajen binciken kisan gilla a Kenya, inda a shekara ta 2008 dakarun kashe-kashe suka kashe kusan mutane 500 a can.
Da yake karbar lambar yabo, Assange ya kira rahoton kan wadannan kashe-kashen “alama ce ta karfi da ci gaban al’ummar Kenya.” "Bayyanar wadannan kashe-kashen," in ji Assange, "yana yiwuwa ta gagarumin ayyukan kungiyoyi kamar Gidauniyar Oscar."
Abin takaici, Mista Assange ya manta da ambaton wani muhimmin dalla-dalla. Wadanda aka kashe ‘yan kabilar Mungiki ne. Wannan kungiya ce ta shaidan wacce ’yan kabilar Kikuyu kadai ke iya shiga ciki.
Ƙungiyar ta musanta addinin Kiristanci kuma tana buƙatar komawa ga al'adun gargajiya na Afirka. Yana da wuya a ce hakikanin abin da ‘yan kungiyar suka yi imani da shi, domin hukuncin tona asirin shi ne kisa. Ko ta yaya, an san su da shan jinin mutane suna sadaukar da yara ‘yan shekara biyu. Mungiki ya yi ta'addanci marar tausayi da ta'addanci - a cikin watan Yunin 2007 kadai, a wani bangare na yakin ta'addanci, kungiyar ta kashe sama da mutane 100.
Julian Assange ya shafe shekaru da dama a kasar Kenya kuma ya kasa sanin cewa hukumomin Kenya kai tsaye sun zargi gidauniyar Oscar da kasancewa kan gaba ga Mungiki.
Menene wannan duka yake nufi?
Yadda za a gane duk wannan? Shin zai iya zama cewa a zahiri magoya bayan Mungiki na boye suna zaune a Amnesty International suna sadaukar da yara 'yan shekaru biyu da dare?
Ba zai yiwu ba. Na farko, Kikuyu ne kawai zai iya zama membobin Mungiki. Na biyu, ‘yan kungiyar asiri ta shaidan ba za su iya zama mambobin kungiyar al-Qaeda a lokaci guda ba.
Watakila Amnesty International da sauran kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama su ne kawai masu jin dadi wadanda ba za su iya jurewa ko da 'yar tashin hankali ba? Ba zai yiwu ba. Domin kuwa ko da yake masu rajin kare hakkin bil adama suna sukar masu kashe mutane masu cin naman mutane da ‘yan ta’adda, amma ba sa gaggawar zuwa sansanin horar da al-Qaeda su yi wa’azin rashin tashin hankali a can.
Daga ina wannan matsorata ta hankali ta fito, wannan rashin iyawa na ban mamaki na ilimin ɗabi'a?
HRW
Francis na Assisi ya ɗauki alkawarin talauci na har abada kuma ya yi wa tsuntsaye wa'azi. Amma tuni a karkashin magajinsa, tsarin Franciscan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi arziki kuma ba a duk cibiyoyin da ba su da sha'awa a Turai. Tare da ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, abu ɗaya ya faru kamar yadda umarnin Franciscan ya kasance.
Robert Bernstein ne ya ƙirƙira mafi tsufa kuma mafi shaharar ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam, Human Rights Watches a 1978 don sa ido kan yadda USSR ke aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Helsinki. Amma a cikin 1992, Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe, kuma HRW ya kasance da rai. Bugu da ƙari, ta girma kawai; kasafin kudinta ya kai dubun-dubatar daloli, ofisoshi suna cikin kasashe 90.
Kuma a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2009, an yi babban abin kunya: wanda ya kafa HRW octogenarian ya bayyana a cikin New York Times tare da wata kasida inda ya zargi HRW da cin amana da ka'idoji da ci gaba da goyon bayan Hamas da Hezbollah, yayin da kullum nuna son kai da rashin adalci. na Isra'ila.
Dabaru biyu da HRW ke amfani da su don sukar Isra'ila kullum suna da sauki. Na farko shi ne ƙin yin nazarin musabbabin rikicin. "Ba ma nazarin musabbabin rikicin," in ji HRW, "muna nazarin yadda bangarorin da ke rikici suke mutunta hakkin dan Adam."
Mai girma! Ka yi tunanin ke mace ce da wani mahaluki ya kai masa hari a cikin dajin, har kika yi nasarar harbe shi. Daga ra'ayin masu rajin kare hakkin bil'adama daga HRW, za ku zama masu laifi.
Matsayin "ba mu binciki dalilin" matsayi da gangan ya sanya dan ta'adda mai cin zarafi, wanda ke da ƙananan albarkatu, a cikin matsayi mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da jihar da ke mayar da martani ga ta'addanci.
Hanya na biyu ya fi sauƙi - shi ne murdiya, shiru da ƙarya. Alal misali, a cikin wani rahoto na 2007, HRW ta bayyana cewa Hezbollah ba ta cikin halin ''amfani da jama'a a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam' kuma a lokaci guda ta bayyana cewa tana da shaidar cewa sojojin Isra'ila sun yi wa fararen hula hari da gangan. Lokacin da bala'in kunar bakin wake na Falasdinawa ya kai kololuwa a cikin 2002, HRW ta buga sanarwar manema labarai game da take hakkin dan Adam na Isra'ila. Sai da kungiyar ta HRW ta dauki wasu watanni 5 kafin ta fitar da rahoto kan harin kunar bakin wake, sannan shekaru 5 kafin ta fitar da rahoton hare-haren Isra'ila daga Gaza.
A shekara ta 2009, HRW ta yi tafiya zuwa Saudi Arabiya, inda ta tara kudade don rahotannin nuna adawa da Isra'ila. Halin da ake ciki game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudiyya ya ɗan yi muni fiye da na Isra'ila. Bugu da kari, Saudiyya ita ce kasar da ta fi daukar nauyin ta'addanci. Amma HRW ba ta damu ba.
Irin wannan matsayi ne kungiyar HRW ta dauka a Sri Lanka, inda sojojin gwamnati ke fafatawa da 'yan ta'addar Liberation Tigers na Tamil Eelam, wata mummunar kungiyar ta'addanci da ta kashe dubun-dubatar mutane tare da yin amfani da Tamils a matsayin garkuwar mutane. Duk wani yunƙuri na sojojin gwamnati na kai hari, nan da nan HRW ta sanar da cewa sojojin gwamnati suna auna fararen hula.
Amnesty International
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta biyu mafi tsufa kuma shahararriyar kungiyar ita ce Amnesty International. Lauyan Peter Benenson ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1961; dalilin da aka kafa shi ne labarin game da dalibai biyu na Portuguese da aka jefa a kurkuku har tsawon shekaru bakwai saboda sun "sha wani gasa ga 'yanci." Amnesty ta tabbatar da cewa an saki fursunonin lamiri a Turai kuma fursunonin siyasa sun sami shari'ar gaskiya.
Amma a farkon shekarun 90s, fursunonin lamiri a Turai sun ɓace, kuma a halin yanzu girman Amnesty (da kuma tsarin Franciscan) ya karu kawai: 2,2 miliyan mambobi a cikin kasashe 150. Tambayar ta taso: a ina za a sami fursunonin lamiri waɗanda dole ne a kiyaye haƙƙinsu? Tabbas, Amnesty ta yi yakin neman 'yancin mata da kuma adawa da dumamar yanayi, amma duk da haka, ka ga, wannan ba daya ba ne: babban bukatar mutane masu hankali za su kasance na fursunonin lamiri, kuma zai fi dacewa a Turai ko Amurka: a cikin Kongo. kamar yana da nisa kuma ba shi da sha'awa.
Kuma Amnesty ta sami fursunonin lamiri: a Guantanamo Bay. Tuni daga 1986 zuwa 2000, kasar da ta fi yawan rahoton Amnesty, ita ce Amurka, mai rahotanni 136, sai Isra'ila. Jihohi masu kyau kamar Uganda ko Kongo ba su kasance cikin manyan XNUMX masu take haƙƙin ɗan adam ba.
Kuma bayan da Amurka ta ayyana "yaki da ta'addanci", Amnesty ta kuma sanar da kamfen nata: Yaki da ta'addanci da adalci ("Don magance ta'addanci ta hanyar doka." - Kimanin ed.). Kuma kamar yadda kuka fahimta, babban miyagu a wannan yakin ba ‘yan ta’adda ba ne. Da masu yaki da ta'addanci. Wanda ya fi yaqi shi ne mafi girman azzalumi.
Daga cikin labaran ashirin da ke cikin wannan sashe (ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2010), daya ya shafi Turkiyya, daya ya shafi Libya, daya ya shafi Yemen (Amnesty na bukatar Yemen ta daina sadaukar da hakkin dan Adam yayin da suke fuskantar Al-Qa'ida), wani kuma ya shafi Pakistan ( Amnesty ta fusata cewa hukumomin Pakistan ba sa kare hakkin bil adama a yankunan da 'yan Taliban suka mamaye, duk da cewa da wuya a ga yadda za su iya yin hakan, domin idan sojojin Pakistan suka kaddamar da farmaki kan 'yan Taliban, za a bukaci su daina sadaukarwa. hakkin dan Adam yayin da suke fuskantar Al-Qa'ida). Biyu kuma an sadaukar da su ga Burtaniya, kuma sauran 14 an sadaukar da su ga Guantanamo Bay, CIA da Amurka.
Yana da wuya a yi yaƙi da ta'addanci. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin rarrafe a cikin ciki ta cikin tsaunuka, tsalle tare da parachute, haɗarin rayuwar ku. Yana da kyau da sauƙi a yi yaƙi don tabbatar da adalci ga 'yan ta'adda: saboda wannan ya isa a aika da sanarwar manema labaru cewa "rashin adalci na yau da kullum" ("rashin bin doka") yana faruwa a Guantanamo da kuma cewa "gwamnatin shugaba Obama ta kasa yin daidai da kalamanta. tare da kwakkwaran mataki idan ya zo ga hisabi da kuma magance take hakkin dan Adam da aka yi da sunan «yakar ta'addanci» «).
Amnesty ta bayyana manufofinta kamar haka: muna yawan yin rubuce-rubuce game da kasashen da suka ci gaba, saboda yanayin da suke ciki shi ne jagora ga dukkan bil'adama. Ina jin tsoron ainihin bayanin ya bambanta. Sukar Amurka ya fi aminci fiye da sukar masu cin naman gaske. Kuma masu daukar nauyin sukar Amurka sun fi saukin samu.
Akwai dabarar ɗan adam mai sauƙi: wolfhound daidai ne, mai cin naman mutane ba daidai ba ne. Akwai mahangar masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama: wolfhound ba daidai ba ne domin ya tauye hakkin mai cin naman mutane. Kuma ba za mu tambayi mai cin nama ba.
Akidar tsarin mulkin kasa da kasa
Irin wannan mummunan hali ga wayewar kansa ba koyaushe ya kasance a tarihin yamma ba. A cikin karni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, Turai ta ci nasara a duniya kuma ba ta damu da haƙƙin mutanen da aka keta ta ba. Lokacin da Cortes ya ga hadayu na jini na Aztecs, bai fada cikin tausayi ba game da "al'adun gida na musamman" wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi. Lokacin da Turawan Ingila suka soke al’adar kona zawarawa a Indiya, bai same su ba, suna tauye hakkin wadannan zawarawan da ke son bin mazajensu.
Lokacin da wannan hali ya bayyana kuma, haka ma, ya zama kusan magana na yau da kullum ga masu hankali na Yammacin Turai, ana iya kiran shi daidai: wannan shine 30s, lokacin da Stalin ya ba da kudi ga Comintern kuma ya yi shirin cin nasara a dukan duniya. A lokacin ne "wawayen masu amfani" (a cikin kalmomin Lenin) suka bayyana da yawa a cikin Yamma, waɗanda suka mallaki nau'i mai ban mamaki: suna yin sukar "mulkin bourgeois mai zubar da jini", saboda wasu dalilai ba su lura da GulaAG a fili ba. .
Wannan bakon hauka na hankali ya ci gaba, alal misali, lokacin yakin Vietnam. Manyan 'yan adawa sun fita hanyarsu don yin Allah wadai da "tallafin sojojin Amurka." Kadan gaskiyar cewa yakin ba Amurkawa ne suka fara ba, amma ta 'yan gurguzu, kuma ga Viet Cong, ta'addanci kawai dabara ce, ko ta yaya hagu bai lura ba.
Babban misali na wannan shine shahararren hoton da mai daukar hoto Eddie Adams ya ɗauka. Ya nuna Janar Nguyen Ngoc Lon dan Vietnam yana harba harsashi a wata daure Viet Cong Nguyen Van Lem. Hoton ya tafi ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin alama ta zaluncin 'yan mulkin mallaka. Gaskiya ne, daga baya Eddie Adams ya ce an kashe Viet Cong, an fitar da shi daga gidan, inda ya kashe dangi gaba daya 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin hakan, amma wannan ba ya da mahimmanci ga hagu.
Ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na zamani a ƙasashen yamma sun girma a akida daga matsananciyar hagu.
Kuma da a tarihance ƴan hannun hagu sun kasance ƴan amshin shata a hannun gwamnatocin kama-karya, to a yanzu ƴancin ra'ayin ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya ya zama ɗan amshin shata a hannun 'yan ta'adda da masu cin naman mutane.
Manufofin FARC, al-Qaeda ko na Afirka sun sha bamban da juna. Wasu suna son gina gurguzu, wasu suna son mulkin Allah, wasu kuma suna son komawa ga dabi’un gargajiya ta hanyar bokanci da cin naman mutane. Suna da abu ɗaya kawai: ƙiyayya ga ƙasa ta yamma. Wannan ƙiyayya tana da wani yanki mai mahimmanci na masu sassaucin ra'ayi tare da 'yan ta'adda.
"To, da gaske, me yasa damuwa? - ku tambaya. "Idan" mayaƙa don zaman lafiya" da" wawaye masu amfani" ba za su iya kayar da Yamma ba lokacin da manyan ayyuka na sirri suka tsaya a bayansu, shin za su iya yin hakan yanzu?
Matsalar ita ce, ko da rabin karni da suka wuce, «masu gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya» galibinsu masu son zuciya ne, wadanda gwamnatocin kama-karya ke amfani da su yadda ake bukata. Yanzu "gwagwarmayar 'yancin ɗan adam" ya zama falsafar dukan aji - ajin na kasa da kasa bureaucracy.
"Oil don abinci"
A nan, ku san, mai daraja mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Denis Holiday, shugaban ayyukan jin kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Iraki, sannan kuma memba na «Freedom Flotilla», wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya karya shingen Isra'ila na zirin Gaza. Bayan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta soke shirin mai na abinci, Mista Holiday ya yi murabus, inda ya bayyana a fili cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da George W. Bush na da hannu a kisan kiyashi a kan "mutanen Iraki marasa laifi."
Bayan haka, Mista Holiday ya yi fim game da yara 500 na Iraqi da suka mutu saboda Bush na Nazi. Lokacin da dan jarida David Edwards ya tambayi dan rajin kare hakkin dan Adam Denis Holiday ko jami'an Iraqi suna satar magungunan, Holiday ya ko da fushi: "babu dalilin wannan ikirari."
A lokacin da dan jarida David Edwards ya tambayi dalilin da ya sa, a daidai lokacin da yaran Iraqi ke mutuwa ba tare da magunguna ba, dubban ton na magungunan da ba a rarrabawa sun taru a rumfunan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke karkashin kulawar Holiday, Holiday ya amsa ba tare da yaga fatar ido ba cewa a ba da wadannan magunguna a wani hadadden tsari. : "Ma'ajiyoyin suna da shagunan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba saboda suna jiran wasu abubuwan da Kwamitin Takunkumi ya toshe."
Ba Hutu ba ne kawai ma'aikaci a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda bai ji dadin soke shirin mai na abinci ba. Magajinsa, Hans von Sproneck, shi ma ya yi murabus, yana mai cewa a bainar jama'a, "Har yaushe za a hukunta farar hula na Iraqi saboda wani abu da ba su yi ba?" Kwanaki biyu bayan murabus din von Sproneck, shugaban hukumar samar da abinci ta duniya a Iran ya bi sahun.
Bakon al'amari. A mahangar hankali, alhakin tashin hankali da talauci yana kan masu haddasa tashin hankali da talauci. A Iraki Saddam Hussein ne. Amma jami'an kula da ayyukan jin kai daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi daban-daban: sun zargi duk duniya da abin da ke faruwa a Iraki, ba mai mulkin kama-karya ba, yayin da su da kansu, tare da mai mulkin kama karya, suka tara kudi a karkashin shirin mai don abinci.
Ga kuma irin wannan ƙaramar matsala: don a yanke kuɗi, dole ne mutane su sha wahala.
Yunwa a Habasha
Yunwa a Habasha a tsakiyar 80s ta haifar da wani gagarumin aiki na kungiyoyin agaji. A cikin 1985 kadai, wasan kwaikwayo na Live Aid, wanda ya ƙunshi Bob Dylan, Madonna, Sarauniya, Led Zeppelin, ya tara dala miliyan 249 don taimakawa Habasha mai fama da yunwa. Bob Geldof wani tsohon mawakin rock ne ya dauki nauyin shirya wannan kide-kiden, wanda ya zama fitaccen dan kasuwa wanda ya kware wajen taimakawa kasashen Afirka da ke fama da yunwa. An tara ƙarin ɗaruruwan miliyoyi ta Christian Aid.
Miliyoyin ba su taimaka komai ba: sama da mutane miliyan sun mutu saboda yunwa. Kuma a cikin Maris din 2010, wani abin kunya ya barke: tsohon dan tawayen Habasha Aregavi Berhe, ya yi taho-mu-gama da tsohon shugaban 'yan tawayen, kuma a yanzu shugaban Habasha, Meles Zenawi, ya shaida wa BBC cewa kashi 95 cikin XNUMX na agajin jin kai ya tafi wajen sayan makamai.
Kalaman nasa ya haifar da hayaniya. Bob Geldof ya bayyana cewa "babu wani gaskiya na gaskiya" a cikin kalmomin Berhe. Max Peberdy, mai magana da yawun Christian Aid, ya ce babu yadda za a yi a sace kayan agajin, har ma da fentin fenti yadda yake siyan hatsi daga hannun ‘yan kasuwa a kan kudi.
A martanin da ya mayar, daya daga cikin mayakan da suka sayar da hatsi daga Peberdi ya bayyana yadda ya yi kamar shi dan kasuwa ne musulmi. Sunan mayakan Gebremedin Araya. A cewar Araya, akwai buhunan yashi a karkashin buhunan hatsi, kuma kudaden da Araya ya karba na hatsin nan take aka tura su wajen sayo makamai.
Matsalar yunwa a Habasha ba wai kawai mutane sama da miliyan guda ne suka mutu daga gare ta ba. Amma cewa da gangan gwamnati da 'yan tawayen suka yi kaura da mutane domin su kwashe wasu kudade daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a karkashin wai suna shan wahala. Samun kudi daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba sakamakon haka ba ne, amma manufar wannan yunwa da aka yi da gangan.
Haka abin yake a zirin Gaza. Hamas (da kuma a gabanta PLO - Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinu) tana kiyaye yawan jama'a cikin talauci don amfani da wannan talauci a matsayin mai kula da ɗabi'a don karɓar kuɗi daga kungiyoyin agaji da na gwamnati. A sakamakon haka, Hamas da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun zama famfo mai fitar da kudade daga duniya zuwa zirin Gaza, kuma talaucin al'ummarta shine matsi na yanayi da ke sa famfon aiki.
A bayyane yake cewa a cikin wannan yanayi, HRW da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu za su kasance a gefen Hamas.
Bayan haka, idan Mista Holiday da Co. suka ba da taimakon jin kai ga mutanen Isra'ila, ba za a karɓi ayyukansu ba. Kasar Isra'ila ce ke ba da kariya ga al'ummar Isra'ila, ba ta masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ba. Kuma kasar Isra'ila ba ta da sha'awar mayar da al'ummarta marasa matsuguni, wanda da taimakon bala'in da manyan 'yan siyasa za su yi na karbar kudade da yanke musu kudade.
Sashe na kafa
Wannan watakila shine mafi hatsari. Masu ra'ayin sassaucin ra'ayi, kamar masu faɗar yanayi, suna sanya kansu a matsayin masu adawa da kafawa. A gaskiya ma, sun dade sun kasance wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa na kafa, tare da mafi girman ɓangarensa shine tsarin mulkin kasa da kasa.
Sau da yawa mukan tsawatar da gwamnati da jami'an gwamnati. Amma jihar ko ta wane hali, tana da sha’awar kare ‘yan kasa da magance matsalolinsu. Hukumomin kasa da kasa ba su da alhakin kowa.
An gaya mana cewa kungiyoyin agaji suna taimakawa a inda ake yunwa da tashin hankali. Amma a aikace, daidai yake da akasin haka: inda kungiyoyin agaji ke tafiya, yunwa da tashin hankali suna wanzuwa har abada.
Don haka, gwamnatocin da ke ƙoƙarin tunkarar 'yan ta'adda, kamar yadda ake yi a Kolombiya, a koyaushe su ne manyan abubuwan zargi daga masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.
Kuma, akasin haka, mafi munin gwamnatoci, kamar na zirin Gaza ko a Habasha, sun zama abokan kawancen kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, wadanda ba sa iya tsara tattalin arziki a cikin kasarsu, amma suna iya shirya tashin hankali da yunwa don yin yaki. karbar kudi daga kasashen duniya.
Yakin kare hakkin bil adama ya haifar da wani sabon nau'in ta'addanci: 'yan ta'adda wadanda, kamar Hamas, ba sa neman halaka wasu 'ya'yan sauran mutane yayin da suke kokarin tabbatar da cewa harin ramuwar gayya da Isra'ila ta kai ya hallaka wasu yaran Falasdinawa da dama. Gwagwarmayar 'yancin ɗan adam ta haifar da sabon salo na bogi: waɗannan mugayen yankuna ne waɗanda gwamnatocin mugaye ke mulki waɗanda ba za su rayu a cikin duniyar yau da kullun ba kuma za a ci su ko kuma a halaka su. Amma kudade daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma hana yaki da irin wadannan yankuna na ba su damar ci gaba da kiyaye al'ummarsu cikin yanayi na rashin jin dadin jama'a, kuma manyansu su sami cikakken iko.
Kammalawa
Mahimmin ƙa'idar gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam abu ne mai sauƙi. Dole ne mu kare hakkin dan Adam, ko wane ne shi. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan ƙasidar tana da kurakurai a zahiri. Ya ci karo da ainihin axiom na halayen ɗan adam: dole ne a hukunta mugunta. Dole ne mutum ya yi zabi.
Ya ci karo da duk abin da tatsuniyoyi da adabi suke koya mana na jarumi, nagari da mugu. Dangane da haƙƙin ɗan adam, Hercules ba jarumi ba ne, amma mai laifin yaƙi ne. Bai mutunta haƙƙin Lernean Hydra da haƙƙin Sarki Diomedes, wanda ya ciyar da mutane ga dawakansa.
Ta fuskar haƙƙin ɗan adam, Odysseus mai laifin yaƙi ne; ba tare da fitina ba, ya kashe Polyphemus, haka kuma, ya mamaye yankinsa, Polyphemus. Theseus, Perseus, Siegfried, Yoshitsune - dukkansu masu laifi ne. Kamata ya yi a gurfanar da Gilgamesh a Hague, sannan kuma Yarima Hamlet, wanda ya kashe mahaifinsa ba tare da yi masa shari’a ba, ya kamata Amnesty International ta saka masa bakar fata.
Duk wadanda dan Adam ya kira jarumai, masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam su dauki masu laifin yaki. Kare haƙƙin ɗan adam yana kawo ƙarshen manufar yaƙi, domin yaƙi shine lokacin da ake kashe mutane ba tare da shari’a ba. Tabbas yana da kyau a bar yaki, amma idan abokin adawar ku bai yi watsi da shi ba fa? Idan na iya tunawa, ba shahidan Amurka da ke cikin jiragen larabawa na Boeing ne suka yi karo da Ka’aba ba, kadan ne akasin haka.
Idan CNN ta kasance a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da Allies ba za su taba yin nasara a kan Hitler ba. "Bayan harin bama-bamai na Dresden, Goebbels ba zai bar allon fuska tare da gawarwakin yaran Dresden a hannunsa ba," Garry Kasparov ya yi min ba'a a cikin wata tattaunawa ta sirri.
Idan aka gane duk wani yaki a matsayin cin zarafi na 'yancin ɗan adam, wannan yana haifar da sakamako mai ban mamaki: bangaren da ke kare ya zama mai laifi. Bayan haka, kun ga, wannan yana da ma'ana: idan ba ku amsa harin ba, to ba za a yi yaki ba. Hakan na nufin ba wadanda suka kai hari ne ke da laifi ba, amma wadanda suka yanke shawarar kare kansu ne.
Masu ra'ayin sassaucin ra'ayi suna da kyakkyawar niyya. Amma hanyar jahannama tana da kyakkyawar niyya. Mun yi shekara 70 a ƙasar da ita ma tana da kyakkyawar niyya. Wannan kasa ta gina kwaminisanci kuma ta yi wa kowa alkawarin samun ilimi kyauta da magani kyauta. Amma a zahirin gaskiya, magani kyauta ya zama sito maimakon asibiti. Wasu ƙa'idodi masu ban mamaki a zahiri sun juya zuwa kishiyarsu. Ka'idar "dole ne mu kare hakkin kowane mutum" yana daya daga cikinsu.
Amma wannan bai isa ba. Babu shakka, idan ba a yi wa wannan ko wancan mutum gwaji ba, ko kuma a ganinmu ba a kiyaye hakkinsa yadda ya kamata ba, to dangane da wannan mutum ya kamata a yi mana jagora da hankali. Ba a can ba. Kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a haƙiƙa ya koma kare haƙƙin ɗan ta'adda. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ba sa jagoranci da hankali ko gaskiya. A nasu mahallin, duk abin da dan ta’adda ya fadi gaskiya ne, kuma duk abin da jihar ta fada karya ne. Sakamakon haka, 'yan ta'adda suna haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna don yin karya ga masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Bugu da ƙari, suna canza dabara. Idan da a baya 'yan ta'adda sun yi amfani da nasu mata da yara a matsayin garkuwar mutane, yanzu da gangan suke yi musu kirari da wuta. Yanzu burin Hamas, na dora rokoki a kan rufin makarantu da gine-gine, shi ne Isra'ilawa ta kashe fararen hula da dama ta hanyar mayar da martani kan harba makaman.
Me yasa kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama suka yarda da duk wani ikirarin ta'addanci? Me yasa suke gaskata dan al-Qaeda Moazzam Begg alhalin yana karya? Domin kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta zama akidar tsarin mulki na kasa da kasa. A Zirin Gaza, yara 'yan shekaru biyar suna koyon yin maci da bindigogin mashina; ana nuna musu zane-zane game da yadda ake kashe Yahudawa. Hamas na kiyaye yawan al'ummar wannan yanki cikin cikakken dogaro; duk wata harka da ake saka wa Hamas haraji, a lokacin Operation Cast Lead, ‘yan kungiyar Hamas ba su harbo tankar Isra’ila ko daya ba, ba su harbo jirgi mai saukar ungulu ko daya ba, amma sun yi amfani da wannan lokacin wajen kamawa tare da kashe mambobin Fatah sama da dari. Sun dauki lokaci suna azabtar da wadannan mutane a hedkwatarsu da aka kafa a wani asibiti a Rafah, inda suka kori marasa lafiya da wadanda suka jikkata.
Hamas dai ta bukaci a ruguza kasar Isra'ila da dukkan yahudawa tare da cewa idan Isra'ila ba ta amince da hakan ba, hakan na nufin ba ta son yin sulhu. Me yasa masu kare hakkin bil adama yawanci a bangaren Hamas ba a bangaren Isra'ila ba? Domin su tare da Hamas sun mallaki kudin.
Kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, kasancewar ya zama zance da aka saba amfani da shi, ya zo cikin sabani mai ban mamaki tare da hankali. Littattafai da fina-finai suna koya mana abu ɗaya, labari wani. An gaya mana a cikin labarai cewa "Harry mai ginin tukwane ya kashe Lord Voldemort ba tare da gwaji ba" kuma "Dubban mutane sun mutu kuma yawancin kashe-kashen da bala'o'i sun faru a lokacin yakin Potter da Voldemort." Ina ganin ba lallai ba ne a ambaci cewa Voldemort ne ke da alhakin bala'in.
Ta'addanci wani sabon nau'in dabbanci ne. Balarabe yana mutunta karfi ne kawai, don haka dole ne wayewa ta fi bariki karfi. Idan ta kasance mai arziki ko mafi aminci, ba ya nufin komai. Wayewa dole ne ya fi karfi.
An ce mana: "Dole ne mu kare hakkin kowane mutum, domin idan a yau gwamnati ta keta hakkin Anwar al-Awlaki, to gobe za ta keta hakkin ku." Amma, 'yan'uwa, wannan demagoguery ne! "Yau yana rawa jazz, kuma gobe zai sayar da ƙasarsa." Idan Harry Potter ya halaka Lord Voldemort ba tare da gwaji ba, wannan ba yana nufin cewa gobe zai ƙone Hermione Granger ba tare da gwaji da bincike ba.
An gaya mana: "Kowane mutum, har ma da mummunan mutum, yana da 'yancin yin gwaji." Amma a yanayin da ba zai yiwu a yi shari'a ba, wannan ya zama rashin hukunci ga 'yan ta'adda. Kaicon duniya, wanda maimakon jarumai masu yakar mugunta, masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam ne kawai za su rage. "Yin sulhu da mugunta laifi ne," in ji Thomas Mann game da farkisanci. Zan ƙara: kare haƙƙin Ubangiji Voldemort shirme ne.
Wolfhound yayi daidai. Cannibal - ba.