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Wine (lat Abokai) wani abin sha ne na giya wanda aka sanya shi ta hanyar haɓakar inabi ko wani ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ƙarfin abin sha bayan ƙoshin yana kusan 9-16.
A cikin iri mai ƙarfi, babban ƙarfin da suke samu ta hanyar narkar da giya tare da barasa zuwa adadin da ake so.
Wine shine mafi yawan giya mai giya. Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da abin da ya fara sha, wanda ke bayyana a cikin tarihin Girka na dā, Romanci na dā, da tatsuniyar Farisa. Masana kimiyya da yawa sunyi imanin cewa fitowar ruwan inabi da ci gabanta suna da alaƙa da samuwar al'umma da ci gabanta.
Tsoho abin sha wanda ya tsira a cikin burbushin burbushin halittu ya fara ne daga 5400-5000 BC. Masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun same shi a yankin zamani na Caucasus.
Fasahar kere kere
Fasaha na abin sha duk lokacin canzawa. Wannan ya faru har sai masana'antun sun bayyana ainihin matakan. Tsarin samar da farin da jan giya ya bambanta.
Red
Don haka masana'antun jan giya ke samarwa daga jan inabi. Suna girbi 'ya'yan inabi da suka girbe kuma suna ratsa su ta wurin mai murƙushewa, inda tsirrai na musamman ke raba berries da rassan. A cikin wannan tiyata, kashin dole ne ya kasance a tsaye. In ba haka ba, abin sha zai yi kauri sosai. Sa'an nan kuma ɓaɓataccen inabi tare da yisti suna sanyawa a cikin kwalaye na musamman inda aka fara ɗorawa. Bayan makonni 2-3, ƙarfin fermentation yana raguwa, kuma barasa ya kai matsakaicin. Idan babu isasshen adadin sukari na halitta a cikin inabi- masana'antun suna ƙara sukari mai tsabta. A ƙarshen ƙonawa, suna zuba ruwan inabi, matsi da tace kek.
Masu ƙera giya za su iya yin kwalba lokaci guda. Sakamakon shine alamar giya mai arha. Waɗannan samfuran mafi tsada, suna haifar da tsufa a cikin gangaren itacen oak a cikin cellar aƙalla shekaru 1-2. A cikin wannan lokacin, ruwan inabi yana ƙafewa kuma yana daidaitawa a ƙarƙashin gindin. Don samun mafi kyawun abin sha a cikin ganga, suna haɓakawa koyaushe kuma suna canzawa zuwa sabon ganga don tsaftacewa daga ɓarna. Wani abin sha na girbin da suke ƙarƙashin tsaftacewa ta ƙarshe da kwalba.
White
Don samar da farin ruwan inabi, suna baƙe 'ya'yan inabi kafin aiwatar da ƙonawa, kuma don jiko, suna amfani da ruwa mai datse kawai ba tare da matsewa ba. Tsarin tsufa na farin giya bai wuce shekaru 1.5 ba.
Dogaro da abun cikin sukari a cikin ruwan inabi da ƙarfinsa, waɗannan abubuwan sha an raba su cikin tebur, masu ƙarfi, masu ƙanshi, da walƙiya.
Mutane suna samar da giya a ko'ina cikin duniya, amma manyan giyar da suka fi shan giya sun haɗa da Faransa, Italia, Spain, USA, Argentina.
Kowane irin abin sha ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shi a wani yanayin zafi da kuma wasu jita-jita.
Amfanin giya
Likitoci da yawa sun yi imanin cewa yawan shan giya na yau da kullun yana da fa'ida sosai ga lafiyar jiki (ba fiye da gilashi ɗaya a rana). Ya ƙunshi babban adadin enzymes, acid (malic, tartaric), bitamin (B1, B2, C, P), ma'adanai (alli, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium), da sauran abubuwan da ke aiki da ilimin halittu.
Don haka jan giya yana da wadata sosai a cikin wannan antioxidant, kamar resveratrol. Yankin da ya dace yana da ƙarfi sau 10-20 fiye da bitamin E. Wine kuma yana ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe da abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen sha yana ƙara matakin haemoglobin. Sakamakon fa'idar jan kasusuwa yana taimakawa wajen samar da sel jini (erythrocytes).
Amfani da ruwan inabi yana ƙarfafa narkewa, ci, da kuma ɓarkewar gland na salivary. Yana da magungunan antiseptic da antibacterial, yana hana masu cutar kwalara, zazzaɓi, da tarin fuka. Wasu likitocin sun bada umarnin amfani da jan iri domin cutar ulcer. Kasancewar tannins yana taimakawa wajen saurin warkar da ulcers.
White da jan giya suna rage matakan cholesterol a cikin jini, yana daidaita metabolism, kuma yana haɓaka fitar da gubobi. Suna kuma daidaita matakin gishiri; muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da giya don rage adadin gishiri a cikin gidajen abinci.
Abun cikin ruwan inabi, carbohydrates, da wasu nau'ikan sunadarai na baiwa jiki karin kuzari. Tartaric acid yana ba da damar hada hadaddun sunadaran asalin dabbobi.
Cutar da giya da contraindications
Da fari dai, kaddarorin masu amfani suna da abubuwan sha ne na halitta kawai ba tare da wani ƙari da dyes ba.
Yawan shan giya na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan zuciya, ciwon hanta, da ciwon suga. Hakanan, yawan barasa mai yawa yana iya haɓaka ci gaba da haɓaka kansar.
A ƙarshe, ya kamata a cire shi daga abincin mata yayin daukar ciki da lactation. Mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan hanta da na huda da ke fama da cutar cystitis kuma magani ne na maganin rigakafi da na yara.
