Vitamin A

Abubuwan amfani na bitamin A

Vitamin A yana da ayyuka da yawa a jiki. Mafi shahara shine tasirin sa akan hangen nesa. An kai Retinyl ester zuwa cikin kwayar ido, wanda ke cikin ido, inda ake canza shi zuwa wani abu da ake kira 11-cis-retinal. Bugu da ari, 11-cis-retinal ya ƙare a sanduna (ɗayan masu daukar hoto), inda ya haɗu da furotin opsin kuma ya samar da launin gani “rhodopsin”. Sandunan da ke cikin Rhodopsin na iya gano ko da ƙananan haske kaɗan, yana mai da su mahimmanci ga hangen nesa na dare. Karɓar photon haske yana haifar da canzawar 11-cis-retinal baya zuwa duk-trans retinal kuma yana haifar da sakewarsa daga furotin. Wannan yana haifar da jerin abubuwanda zasu haifar da siginar lantarki zuwa jijiyar gani, wanda kwakwalwa ke sarrafa shi kuma yake fassara shi. Rashin Retinol da ake samu a kwayar ido yana haifar da rashin dacewa da duhu wanda aka sani da makantar dare.

Vitamin A a cikin hanyar retinoic acid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin nuna kwayar halitta. Da zarar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar kwayar ruwan tayi tana daukar kwayar cutar, to za'a iya sanya shi cikin kwayar ido, wanda yake dauke da sinadarin retinoic acid. Sinadarin Retinoic wani abu ne mai matukar ƙarfi wanda ke ɗaure ga masu karɓar nukiliya daban-daban don farawa ko hana bayyana jinsi. Ta hanyar tsari na bayyana takamaiman kwayoyin, retinoic acid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bambancin kwayar halitta, daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan ilimin lissafi.

Ana buƙatar Vitamin A don aikin al'ada na tsarin garkuwar jiki. Ana buƙatar Retinol da abubuwan da ke narkewa don kiyaye mutunci da aikin ƙwayoyin fata da ƙwayoyin mucous (hanyoyin numfashi, narkewa da tsarin fitsari). Wadannan kyallen sun zama shinge kuma sune layin farko na kariya daga cututtuka. Vitamin A yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakawa da bambancewar ƙwayoyin jinin jini, lymphocytes, waɗanda sune mahimman wakilai a cikin martani na tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Vitamin A abu ne mai mahimmanci a ci gaban amfrayo, yana yin tsaye kai tsaye a ci gaban gabar jiki, samuwar zuciya, idanu da kunnuwan tayi. Bugu da kari, sinadarin retinoic yana shafar bayyanar kwayar halittar girma ta kwayar halitta. Dukansu rashi da yawan bitamin A na iya haifar da lahani na haihuwa.

Ana amfani da Vitamin A don ci gaban al'ada na ƙwayoyin sel zuwa jinin jini. Bugu da kari, bitamin A ya bayyana don inganta hada karfi da karfe daga jikin mutum, yana bada shi zuwa ga kwayar halittar jan jini. A can, an haɗa baƙin ƙarfe a cikin haemoglobin - mai ɗaukar oxygen a cikin erythrocytes. Vitamin A metabolism an yi imanin yana hulɗa tare da ta hanyoyi da yawa. Rashin sinadarin zinc na iya haifar da raguwar yawan adadin sinadarin Retinol da ake safararsa, da raguwar fitowar sinadarin Retinol a cikin hanta da kuma raguwar sauyawar kwayar cutar ta kwayar ido ta kwayar ido. Vitaminarin abubuwan bitamin A suna da tasiri mai amfani akan ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe (anemia) da inganta haɓakar baƙin ƙarfe a cikin yara da mata masu ciki. Haɗin bitamin A da baƙin ƙarfe ya bayyana don warkarwa sosai fiye da ƙarin ƙarfe ko bitamin A.

Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa bitamin A, carotenoids, da provitamin A carotenoids na iya zama masu tasiri wajen hana ci gaban cututtukan zuciya. Ayyukan antioxidant na bitamin A da carotenoids ana bayar dasu ta hanyar sarkar hydrophobic na raka'a polyene, wanda zai iya kashe iskar oxygen mai yaduwa (oxygen kwayar halitta tare da aiki mafi girma), kawar da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, da kuma daidaita peroxyl radicals. A takaice dai, tsawon lokacin sarkar polyene, mafi girman tsayin daka na peroxyl. Saboda tsarinsu, ana iya sanya bitamin A da carotenoids a yayin da damuwar O2 ta karu kuma saboda haka su ne mafi ingancin antioxidants a matsin lamba na isashshen oxygen wanda ke halayyar matakan ilimin lissafi da aka samu a cikin kyallen takarda. Gabaɗaya, shaidun annobar cutar sun nuna cewa bitamin A da carotenoids sune mahimman abubuwan abinci don rage cututtukan zuciya.

Hukumar Kare Lafiyar Abincin ta Turai (EFSA), wacce ke ba da shawarwarin kimiyya ga masu tsara manufofi, ta tabbatar da cewa an ga fa'idodin kiwon lafiya masu zuwa tare da amfani da bitamin A:

• rarraba kwayar halitta ta al'ada;
• ci gaba na al'ada da aiki na tsarin rigakafi;
• kula da yanayin al'ada na fata da ƙwayoyin mucous;
• kiyaye hangen nesa;
• metabolism na baƙin ƙarfe na al'ada.

Vitamin A yana da babban dacewa tare da bitamin C da E da kuma ma'adanai ƙarfe da tutiya. Vitamin C da E suna kare bitamin A daga maye gurbi. Vitamin E yana kara shayarwar bitamin A, amma a yanayinda yake cinye bitamin E cikin adadi kaɗan. Babban abun ciki na bitamin E a cikin abinci, bi da bi, yana lalata shan bitamin A. Zinc yana taimakawa shan bitamin A ta hanyar shiga cikin jujjuyawar shi zuwa Retinol. Vitamin A yana inganta sha ƙarfe kuma yana shafar amfani da baƙin ƙarfe da ke cikin hanta.

Vitamin A kuma yana aiki sosai tare da bitamin D da K2, magnesium, da mai mai abinci. Bitamin A, D da K2 suna aiki tare don tallafawa lafiyar garkuwar jiki, inganta isasshen ci gaba, kula da ƙashi da lafiyar hakori, da kare nama mai laushi daga kirkiri. Magnesium yana da mahimmanci don samar da dukkan sunadarai, gami da waɗanda suke hulɗa tare da bitamin A da D. Yawancin sunadaran da ke cikin haɓakar bitamin A da masu karɓa don duka bitamin A da D suna aiki daidai kawai a gaban zinc.

Vitamin kuma A yana aiki tare don tsara samar da wasu sunadarai masu dogaro da bitamin. Da zarar bitamin K ya kunna waɗannan sunadarai, suna taimakawa wajen haƙa ƙasusuwa da haƙori, kare jijiyoyi da sauran kayan kyakyawa daga ƙididdigar da ba ta dace ba, da kuma kariya daga mutuwar kwayar halitta.

An fi amfani da abinci na bitamin A tare da abincin da ke dauke da kitsen "lafiya". Alal misali, alayyafo, wanda ke da yawan bitamin A da lutein, an ba da shawarar a haɗa shi da shi. Haka kuma ga latas da karas, wanda ke da kyau tare da avocado a cikin salads. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kayan dabba masu arziki a cikin bitamin A sun riga sun ƙunshi wasu adadin mai, wanda ya isa ya sha al'ada. Amma ga kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ana bada shawara don ƙara ƙaramin adadin man kayan lambu zuwa salatin ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai sabo - ta haka za mu tabbatar da cewa jiki zai karbi bitamin da ake bukata a cikakke.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi kyawun tushen bitamin A musamman, da sauran abubuwa masu amfani, shine daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki da samfurori na halitta, maimakon kayan abinci na abinci. Yin amfani da bitamin a cikin nau'i na magani, yana da sauƙin yin kuskure tare da sashi kuma samun fiye da yadda jiki ke bukata. Yawancin daya ko wani bitamin ko ma'adinai a cikin jiki na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan cututtukan oncological na iya ƙaruwa, yanayin gabaɗaya na jiki ya lalace, haɓakar metabolism da aikin tsarin gabobin. Sabili da haka, yin amfani da bitamin a cikin allunan ya kamata a yi kawai lokacin da ya cancanta kuma bayan tuntubar likita.

Aikace-aikace a magani

Amfani da yawancin bitamin A an tsara shi a cikin sharuɗɗa masu zuwa:

• don rashi bitamin A, wanda zai iya faruwa ga mutanen da ke da rashi na furotin, yawan glandar thyroid, zazzabi, ciwon hanta, cystic fibrosis, ko kuma wata cuta ta gado da ake kira abelatipoproteinemia.
• tare da ciwon nono. Matan da ba su da aure da ke da tarihin iyali na cutar sankarar mama da ke cin babban bitamin A a cikin abincin su ana ganin zai rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa. Ba'a sani ba idan karin bitamin A yana da irin wannan tasirin.
• … Bincike ya nuna cewa yawan cin bitamin A a cikin abinci na haifar da raguwar barazanar kamuwa da cutar ido.
• tare da gudawa sanadiyyar. Shan bitamin A tare da magunguna na al'ada ya bayyana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga gudawa a cikin yara masu ɗauke da kwayar HIV tare da rashi bitamin A.
• Aking Shan bitamin A a baki yana rage alamomin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ga yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 3 a wuraren da cutar maleriya ta zama ruwan dare.
• … Shan bitamin A a baki yana rage barazanar rikitarwa ko mutuwa daga cutar kyanda a yara masu fama da kyanda wadanda ba su da isasshen bitamin A.
• tare da raunuka masu mahimmanci a cikin bakin (leukoplakia na baka). Bincike ya nuna cewa shan bitamin A na iya taimakawa wajen magance raunin da ke cikin bakin.
• lokacin murmurewa daga aikin tiyatar ido. Shan bitamin A baki tare da bitamin E yana inganta warkarwa bayan aikin tiyatar ido na laser.
• tare da rikitarwa bayan ciki. Shan bitamin A na rage barazanar gudawa da zazzabi bayan ciki ga mata masu fama da tamowa.
• tare da rikitarwa a lokacin daukar ciki. Shan bitamin A da baki yana rage haɗarin mutuwa da makafin dare yayin daukar ciki ga mata masu tamowa.
• ga cututtukan ido da suka shafi kwayar ido (retinitis pigmentosa). Bincike ya nuna cewa shan bitamin A na iya dakushe ci gaban cututtukan ido da ke lalata kwayar ido.

Hanyar magani na bitamin A na iya zama daban. A likitanci, ana samunsa a cikin kwayoyi, saukad da maganin baka, saukad da maganin baka a cikin mai mai, capsules, maganin mai na intramuscular, maganin mai na maganin baka, a cikin allunan da aka sanyawa fim. Ana ɗaukar Vitamin A don maganin hana cuta da kuma don dalilai na magani, a matsayin mai mulkin, mintuna 10-15 bayan cin abinci. Ana shan magunan mai idan aka sami malabsorption a cikin hanyoyin hanji ko kuma cikin cuta mai tsanani. A cikin yanayin da magani na dogon lokaci ya zama dole, mafita don allurar intramuscular an haɗa shi tare da capsules. A cikin ilimin magunguna, ana ambaton bitamin A a Unasashen Duniya. Don raunin bitamin mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici, an tsara manya don Rukunin thousandasashen Duniya dubu 33 kowace rana; tare da hemeralopia, xerophthalmia - 50-100 dubu IU / rana; yara - 1-5 dubu IU / rana, ya dogara da shekaru; don cututtukan fata ga manya - 50-100 dubu IU / rana; yara - 5-20 dubu IU / rana.

Magungunan gargajiya suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da bitamin A azaman maganin fatar fata da rashin lafiya. Don wannan, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da man kifi, hanta, mai da ƙwai, da kayan lambu masu wadatar bitamin A - kabewa, apricot, karas. Ruwan tumatir da aka matse sabo tare da ƙara kirim ko man kayan lambu yana da kyau maganin rashi. Wani magani na jama'a don samun bitamin ana ɗauka azaman decoction na tubers na potbelly tuber - ana amfani dashi azaman tonic, mai sabuntawa da wakili na antirheumatic. Hakanan ana ɗaukar tsaba na flax a matsayin mahimmin tushen bitamin A, da sauran abubuwa masu amfani, waɗanda ake amfani da su a ciki kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na masks na waje, man shafawa da kayan shafawa. A cewar wasu rahotanni, babban adadin bitamin A yana kunshe a saman karas, har ma fiye da a cikin 'ya'yan itacen. Ana iya amfani da shi a dafa abinci, da kuma yin abin sha, wanda ake amfani da shi a ciki azaman kwas na wata ɗaya.

Bugawa Kimiyyar Kimiyya akan Vitamin A:

Masu bincike a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Western Western Reserve sun gano cewa rashin saurin sarrafa bitamin A a cikin hanji na iya haifar da kumburi mai hadari. Binciken ya kafa hanyar haɗi tsakanin haɗin abincin da cututtukan kumburi - da ciwon gut gut.

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa bitamin A yana ƙaruwa aikin β-sel masu samar da insulin. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa ƙwayoyin beta masu samar da insulin suna da adadi mai yawa na masu karɓa a saman su waɗanda ke da lamuran bitamin A. Masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda bitamin A yana da mahimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwayoyin beta a farkon matakan rayuwa. , kazalika don daidai da aiki yayin sauran rayuwa, musamman ma a lokacin yanayin pathophysiological - wato, tare da wasu cututtuka masu kumburi.

Masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Lund da ke Sweden sun gano tasirin bitamin A a baya ga cigaban halittar dan adam. Binciken su ya nuna cewa bitamin A na da tasiri kan samuwar kwayoyin jini. Alamar siginar sigina da aka sani da retinoic acid ita ce samuwar bitamin A wacce ke taimakawa wajen tantance yadda nau'in nama zai kasance a cikin tayin da ke girma.

Vitamin A a cikin kayan kwalliya

Yana daya daga cikin manyan sinadarai don lafiyayyen fata. Lokacin da kuka sami isasshen adadin bitamin, zaku iya mantawa da matsaloli kamar rashin jin daɗin fata, ɗigon shekaru, kuraje, rashin ruwa.

Ana iya samun Vitamin A a cikin tsaftataccen tsari mai tattarawa cikin sauƙi a cikin kantin magani, a cikin nau'ikan capsules, maganin mai da ampoules. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa wannan kayan aiki ne mai dacewa, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da shi da hankali, kuma zai fi dacewa bayan shekaru 35. Masana kimiyyar kwaskwarima suna ba da shawarar yin abin rufe fuska mai ɗauke da bitamin A a lokacin sanyi da sau ɗaya a wata. Idan akwai contraindications ga yin amfani da kantin magani bitamin A a cikin abun da ke ciki na masks, za ka iya maye gurbin shi da na halitta kayayyakin da suke da arziki a cikin wannan bitamin - kalina, faski, alayyafo, kwai yolks, kiwo kayayyakin, kabewa, karas, kifi mai. algae.

Akwai girke-girke da yawa don masks tare da bitamin A. Sau da yawa sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke ɗauke da mai-kirim mai tsami, man burdock. Vitamin A (maganin mai da Retinol acetate) yana aiki da kyau tare da ruwan aloe, oatmeal da zuma. Don kawar da wrinkles da raunuka a ƙarƙashin idanu, zaku iya amfani da cakuda bitamin A da kowane mai kayan lambu, ko maganin Aevit, wanda tuni ya ƙunshi duka bitamin A da bitamin E. ƙasa, bitamin A a cikin ampoule ko ƙaramin adadin maganin shafawa na zinc, ana amfani da shi sau 2 a wata. A gaban halayen rashin lafiyan, raunin raunuka da lalacewar fata, kowane cututtukan ta, ya kamata ku guji amfani da irin wannan abin rufe fuska.

Vitamin A kuma yana da kyau ga lafiyar ƙusa idan aka haɗa shi da sauran sinadaran. Misali, zaku iya shirya abin rufe fuska da ruwan bitamin A, B, da D, man hannu mai mai, ruwan lemo, da digon iodine. Wannan cakuda yakamata a shafa fatar hannu da faranti ƙusa, tausa na mintuna 20 sannan a bar su sha. Yin wannan tsarin a kai a kai zai inganta yanayin farce da hannuwanku.

Bai kamata a raina tasirin bitamin A kan lafiyar gashi da kyau ba. Ana iya ƙara shi zuwa shamfu (nan da nan kafin kowane tsari, don kauce wa shawan abu lokacin da aka ƙara shi a cikin duka kunshin shamfu), a cikin masks - don ƙara haske, taushi na ƙarfin gashi. Kamar yadda yake a cikin masks ɗin fuska, ana bada shawarar a haɗa bitamin A da sauran kayan haɗi - bitamin E, mai iri daban-daban, kayan shafawa (chamomile, horsetail), (don taushi), mustard ko barkono (don hanzarta haɓakar gashi). Ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗen tare da taka tsantsan ga waɗanda suke rashin lafiyan magungunan bitamin A da kuma waɗanda gashinsu ke fuskantar haɗarin mai mai yawa.

Vitamin A a cikin dabbobi, amfanin gona da masana'antu

An samo shi a cikin ciyawar kore, alfalfa da wasu man kifi, bitamin A, in ba haka ba ana kiran shi Retinol, na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don kiwon kaji. Rashin sinadarin Vitamin A na haifar da zubewar mara kyau tare da rauni, matsalolin ido da baki, har zuwa lalacewa. Wani mahimmin mahimmanci don samarwa shine rashin bitamin A na iya jinkirta haɓaka.

Vitamin A yana da ɗan gajeren rayuwa kuma, sakamakon haka, busassun abinci da aka adana na lokaci mai tsawo bazai ƙunsar isasshen bitamin A. Bayan rashin lafiya ko damuwa, tsarin garkuwar tsuntsaye yana da rauni ƙwarai. Ta hanyar ƙara ɗan gajeren bitamin A don ciyarwa ko ruwa, ana iya hana ƙarin rashin lafiya, kamar yadda ba tare da isasshen bitamin A ba, tsuntsaye na iya kamuwa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.

Vitamin A shima yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar lafiyayyun dabbobi masu shayarwa, don kiyaye kyakkyawan ci, lafiyar gashi da rigakafi.

Abubuwa masu haɗari na bitamin A, ƙarancinsa da gargaɗinsa

Vitamin A yana da tsayayyar yanayin zafi, amma ana lalata shi a hasken rana kai tsaye. Sabili da haka, adana abinci mai wadataccen bitamin da kayan aikin likita a cikin wuri mai duhu.

Alamomin Rashin Ingancin Vitamin A

Rashin bitamin A yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin cin abincin da ke cike da bitamin A, beta-carotene ko wasu provitamin A carotenoids; waxanda suke narkewa zuwa bitamin A a jiki. Baya ga matsalolin abinci, yawan shan giya da malabsorption na iya zama alhakin rashi bitamin A.

Alamar farko ta rashin raunin bitamin A shine rashin gani a cikin duhu, ko makantar dare. Raunin bitamin A mai tsanani ko na dogon lokaci yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda hakan ke haifar da gyambon ciki. Rashin Vitamin A tsakanin yara a kasashe masu tasowa shine kan gaba wajen haifar da makanta.

Rashin Vitamin A shima yana da nasaba da rashin kariya, yana rage karfin yaki da cututtuka. Koda yara da ke fama da raunin rashin bitamin A suna da mafi yawan cututtukan numfashi da gudawa, kazalika da yawan mace-mace daga cututtukan da ke kamuwa da cuta (musamman), idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ke cin isasshen bitamin A. Bugu da ƙari, rashin bitamin A na iya haifar rashin ci gaba da haɓakar ƙashi a cikin yara da matasa. A cikin masu shan sigari, rashin bitamin A na iya ba da gudummawa ga cututtukan huhu da ke ci gaba (COPD) da emphysema, waɗanda ake tsammanin za su ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu.

Alamomin wuce haddi na Vitamin A

Vitaminarancin bitamin A hypervitaminosis wanda yawancin kwayar cutar ta Retinol ke haifarwa, wanda yake saurin shiga kuma yake fita daga jiki a hankali, yana da wuya. Kwayar cutar sun hada da tashin zuciya, ciwon kai, kasala, rashin cin abinci, jiri, rashin bushewar fata, da kumburin kwakwalwa. Akwai karatun da ke tabbatar da cewa tsawan rawan bitamin A a jiki na iya haifar da ci gaban sanyin ƙashi. Wasu keɓaɓɓun abubuwan da aka samo daga Retinol (misali tretinate, isotretinoin, tretinoin) na iya haifar da lahani a cikin amfrayo saboda haka bai kamata a yi amfani da su lokacin ciki ko lokacin ƙoƙarin ɗaukar ciki ba. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ana ɗaukar beta-carotene a matsayin mafi amincin tushen bitamin A.

Sakamako daga Beta-Carotene da Retinol Ingantaccen Nazarin (CARET) ya nuna cewa ya kamata a guje wa ƙarin bitamin A (Retinol) da kuma ƙarin beta-carotene a cikin dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu, kamar masu shan sigari da kuma mutanen da ke fallasa zuwa asbestos.

Yin hulɗa tare da sauran kayan magani

Vitamin A, wanda ya riga ya shiga jini, zai fara saurin lalacewa idan jiki ya rasa bitamin E. Kuma idan bitamin B4 (choline) ya rasa, to ba a adana bitamin A don amfanin nan gaba. Ana tsammanin maganin rigakafi zai ɗan rage tasirin bitamin A. Bugu da ƙari, bitamin A na iya ƙarfafa tasirin wani abu da ake kira isotretinoin kuma yana haifar da sakamako mai tsanani.

Karanta kuma game da sauran bitamin: