Urticaria: gane harin amya

Urticaria: gane harin amya

Ma'anar urticaria

Urticaria wani kumburi ne wanda ke nuna kumburi da kuma bayyanar jajayen ja (“papules”), wanda yayi kama da ƙanƙara (kalmar amya ta fito daga Latin urtica, wanda ke nufin nettle). Urticaria alama ce maimakon cuta, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa. Mun bambanta:

  • m urticaria, wanda ke bayyana kansa a cikin ɗaya ko fiye na sake dawowa yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan zuwa 'yan awanni (kuma yana iya sake bayyana a cikin kwanaki da yawa), amma yana ci gaba da ƙasa da makonni 6;
  • urticaria na yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da hare -hare kowace rana ko makamancin haka, yana ci gaba sama da makonni 6.

Lokacin da hare -haren urticaria ke maimaituwa amma ba a ci gaba ba, ana kiransa kumburin urticaria.

Alamun ciwon amya

Urticaria yana haifar da faruwar:

  • tasoshin papules, masu kama da ƙanƙara mai ɗanɗano, ruwan hoda ko ja, suna da girma dabam ('yan milimita zuwa santimita da yawa), galibi suna bayyana akan hannaye, kafafu ko akwati;
  • itching (pruritus), wani lokacin mai tsananin zafi;
  • a wasu lokuta, kumburi ko kumburi (angioedema), galibi yana shafar fuska ko kafafu.

Yawanci, amya tana wucewa (na daga mintuna kaɗan zuwa 'yan awanni) kuma tana tafiya da kansu ba tare da barin tabo ba. Koyaya, wasu raunuka na iya ɗaukar nauyi kuma saboda haka harin zai iya ci gaba na kwanaki da yawa.

A wasu lokuta, ana danganta wasu alamun:

  • matsakaicin zazzabi;
  • ciwon ciki ko matsalolin narkewa;
  • hadin gwiwa zafi.

Mutanen da ke cikin haɗari

Kowane mutum na iya zama mai saurin kamuwa da amya, amma wasu dalilai ko cututtuka na iya sa hakan ya fi sauƙi.

  • jima'i mace (mata sun fi shafar maza fiye da maza3);
  • dalilai na kwayoyin halitta: a wasu lokuta, alamun suna bayyana a cikin jarirai ko yara ƙanana, kuma akwai lokuta da yawa na urticaria a cikin iyali (familial cold urticaria, Mückle and Wells syndrome);
  • rashin lafiyar jini (cryoglobulinemia, alal misali) ko rashi a cikin wasu enzymes (C1-esterase, musamman) 4;
  • wasu cututtukan tsarin (kamar autoimmune thyroiditis, connectivitis, lupus, lymphoma). Kimanin kashi 1% na urticaria na yau da kullun suna da alaƙa da cututtukan tsarin: sannan akwai wasu alamu5.

hadarin dalilai

Abubuwa da yawa na iya haifar ko haifar da fargaba (duba Sanadin). Mafi na kowa shine:

  • shan wasu magunguna;
  • yawan amfani da abinci mai wadataccen tarihi ko histamino-liberators;
  • bayyanar sanyi ko zafi.

Wanene hare -haren amya ya shafa?

Kowa zai iya shafar. An kiyasta cewa aƙalla kashi 20% na mutane suna da matsanancin urticaria aƙalla sau ɗaya a rayuwarsu, tare da mata sun fi kamuwa da cutar fiye da maza.

Sabanin haka, urticaria na yau da kullun yana da rauni. Ya shafi 1 zuwa 5% na yawan jama'a1.

A lokuta da yawa, mutanen da ke fama da urticaria na yau da kullun suna shafar shekaru da yawa. Ya juya cewa 65% na urticaria na yau da kullun yana ci gaba da fiye da watanni 12, kuma 40% ya ci gaba da aƙalla shekaru 10.2.

Dalilin cutar

Hanyoyin da ke tattare da urticaria suna da rikitarwa kuma ba a fahimta sosai. Kodayake hare -haren manyan amya sukan kasance saboda rashin lafiyan, yawancin amya na yau da kullun ba sa rashin lafiyan asali.

Wasu sel da ake kira sel mast, waɗanda ke taka rawa a cikin tsarin garkuwar jiki, suna cikin matsanancin urticaria. A cikin mutanen da abin ya shafa, ƙwayoyin mast suna da hankali da haɓakawa, ta hanyar kunnawa da sakin histamine3, halayen kumburi marasa dacewa.

Daban -daban na urticaria

M urticaria

Duk da yake ba a fahimci hanyoyin sosai ba, an san cewa abubuwan muhalli na iya yin muni ko haifar da amya.

A kusan kashi 75% na lokuta, m urticaria hari yana haifar da takamaiman dalilai:

  • wani magani yana haifar da kamun kifi a cikin 30 zuwa 50% na lokuta. Kusan kowane magani na iya zama sanadin. Zai iya zama maganin rigakafi, allurar rigakafi, aspirin, maganin ba-steroidal anti-inflammatory, magani don magance hawan jini, tsaka-tsakin iodinated, morphine, codeine, da sauransu;
  • abinci mai wadata a cikin histamine (cuku, kifin gwangwani, tsiran alade, ciyayi, tumatir, da sauransu) ko kuma ana kiranta '' yantar da histamine '' (strawberries, ayaba, abarba, kwayoyi, cakulan, barasa, fararen kwai, yankewar sanyi, kifi, kifi. …);
  • hulɗa tare da wasu samfurori (latex, kayan shafawa, alal misali) ko tsire-tsire / dabbobi;
  • daukan hotuna zuwa sanyi;
  • bayyanar rana ko zafi;
  • matsa lamba ko gogewar fata;
  • cizon kwari;
  • kamuwa da cuta tare (Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis B, da sauransu). Haɗin bai da tushe sosai, duk da haka, kuma karatun ya saba;
  • danniyar tunani;
  • tsananin motsa jiki.

Ciwon mara na kullum

Hakanan ana iya haifar da urticaria na yau da kullun ta kowane ɗayan abubuwan da aka lissafa a sama, amma a kusan kashi 70% na lokuta, ba a sami abin da ke haifar da cutar ba. Wannan ake kira idiopathic urticaria.

Course da yiwu rikitarwa

Urticaria yanayi ne mara kyau, amma yana iya yin babban tasiri a kan ingancin rayuwa, musamman lokacin da na yau da kullun.

Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan urticaria sun fi damuwa fiye da wasu. Wannan saboda amya na iya zama na sama ko zurfi. A cikin akwati na biyu, akwai kumburi mai zafi (edemas) na fata ko fata, wanda galibi yana bayyana akan fuska (angioedema), hannaye da ƙafa.

Idan wannan kumburin yana shafar makoshi (angioedema), tsinkayen na iya zama barazanar rayuwa saboda numfashi yana da wahala ko ma ba zai yiwu ba. An yi sa'a, wannan shari'ar ba ta da yawa.

Ra'ayin likitan mu

A matsayin wani ɓangare na ingantacciyar hanyarta, Passeportsanté.net tana gayyatar ku don gano ra'ayin ƙwararren likita. Dr Jacques Allard, babban likita, yana ba ku ra'ayinsa game da cutaramya :

M urticaria wani yanayi ne na kowa. Kodayake pruritus (itching) na iya zama da wahala, ana iya samun sauƙin sauƙaƙe tare da maganin antihistamines kuma alamun sun tafi da kansu cikin sa'o'i ko kwanaki mafi yawan lokaci. Idan ba haka lamarin yake ba, ko kuma idan alamun sun kasance gabaɗaya, da wahalar ɗauka, ko isa fuska, kada ku yi jinkirin ganin likitan ku. Jiyya tare da corticosteroids na baka na iya zama dole.

Abin farin ciki shine, urticaria na yau da kullun ya fi raɗaɗi kuma ya fi rikitarwa fiye da m urticaria. Har yanzu ana iya samun alamun cutar a mafi yawan lokuta.

Dokta Jacques Allard MD FCMFC

 

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