tularemia

Janar bayanin cutar

Cuta ce ta dabi'a ta yanayi mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce ke shafar fata, nodes na lymph, idanu, huhu da pharynx. A lokaci guda, marasa lafiya suna da mummunan maye na jiki.

Maganin haddasawa da tushen tularemia

Tularemia na faruwa ne ta hanyar kwayar cutar gram-korau ta jinsin Francisella. An ba shi suna bayan E. Francis, masanin kimiyya wanda ya yi nazari dalla-dalla kan muhimman ayyukan wannan kwayoyin cuta. Francisella yana da matukar juriya ga abubuwan waje. Alal misali, a yanayin zafi na 4 digiri Celsius, yana riƙe da ikonsa na kimanin kwanaki 30, a cikin bambaro ko hatsi, aikin yana ci gaba har tsawon watanni shida (a yanayin zafi a kusa da 0), kuma na kimanin kwanaki 20 (a t = + 25), a cikin fata matattun dabbobin da ke kamuwa da cutar Tularemia suna dawwama a matsakaici na kusan wata guda. Ana iya kashe kwayoyin cutar ta hanyar kashe kwayoyin cuta da kuma fuskantar yanayin zafi.

Tushen kwayoyin cuta iri-iri ne na rodents (Berayen ruwa, muskrats, mice masu tsiro), kuraye, tsuntsaye, karnukan daji da karnuka, da kuma dabbobin gida masu kaho.

Hanyoyin yada cutar tularemia

Kwarin da ke cikin nau'in kwari masu shan jini ne ke yada cutar. Kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa ta hanyar shakar ƙura daga bambaro, daskararru, hatsi, cin gurɓataccen abinci, da shan gurɓataccen ruwa. Akwai sanannun lokuta na kamuwa da cuta na mutanen da suka yi hulɗa kai tsaye da dabbobin da ba su da lafiya lokacin fata, tattara marasa lafiya ko faɗuwar beraye. Har ila yau, an yi rajistar lokuta na rashin lafiya na ma'aikata a barasa, sukari, sitaci, treacle, hemp masana'antu, lif, a cikin masana'antar nama a cikin mahauta. Mutumin da ya kamu da cutar ba ya haifar da wani haɗari ga sauran mutane.

Alamomi da nau'in cutar tularemia

Lokacin shiryawa na tularemia yana daga kwanaki 1 zuwa 30. Lokacin shiryawa yakan wuce daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 7.

Tularemia ta fara bayyana ta sosai. Yawan zafin jiki na mai haƙuri ya tashi sosai zuwa matakin digiri 39-40, yana da sanyi, ciwon kai mai tsanani yana faruwa, tashin zuciya da amai suna bayyana. A wannan yanayin, fuska da wuyansa sun juya ja, conjunctiva ya juya ja daga tasoshin da aka zubar. Rashes suna bayyana akan fata, wanda bayan kwanaki 8-10 ya fara bushewa kuma ya bushe sosai. Bayan kurjin ya warke, pigmentation na iya kasancewa akan fata.

Ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka ya dogara da nau'in tularemia. An bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan dangane da hanyoyin shigar ƙwayoyin cuta cikin jikin ɗan adam.

Lokacin da pathogen ya shiga ta fata. bubonic tularemia… A wannan yanayin, fata bazai lalace ba. Mai haƙuri yana haɓaka buboes (ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa da haɓaka girma). Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar, ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph na iya shiga cikin wannan tsari. Nodes na iya girma zuwa girman kwai kaza ko goro. Da shigewar lokaci, waɗannan buboes suna narkewa, su yi fester, sannan yoyon fitsari suna fitowa tare da sakin farji kamar kirim mai kitse.

Lokacin da kwayoyin cuta suka shiga ta hanyar cizon kwari, a mafi yawan lokuta, yana tasowa ulcerative bubonic tularemia… A wurin da cizon ya kasance, bubo ya bayyana kuma an buɗe gyambon tare da ɗaga gefuna da ƙaramin baƙin ciki. A kasa, ya zama an rufe shi da ɓawon burodi.

Tare da shigar Francisella ta hanyar conjunctiva na ido yana farawa ocular bubonic tularemia... A wannan yanayin, conjunctiva ya zama mai kumburi, ulcers da yashwa sun bayyana a kai, daga abin da aka saki rawaya mai launin rawaya, buboes sun bayyana, ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa. A cikin wannan nau'i na cutar, ba a cika samun ciwon cornea ba. Baya ga alamun da ke sama, kumburin fatar ido yana bayyana, kuma lymphadenitis na iya faruwa.

Idan tushen cutar ya kasance ta hanyar shan gurɓataccen ruwa ko abinci. angina-bubonic form… Na farko, akwai ciwon makogwaro, majiyyaci yana da wahalar haɗiye abinci. Binciken gani na rami na baka yana nuna edematous, kara girma, jajayen tonsils, waɗanda, kamar yadda suke, "welded" tare da fiber da ke kusa. Tonsils a gefe ɗaya kawai an rufe shi da murfin necrotic na launin launin toka-fari, wanda ke da wuya a cire. Sa'an nan kuma ciwon ciki mai zurfi ya bayyana a kansu, wanda ya warke na dogon lokaci kuma, bayan ya warke, ya bar tabo. Bugu da ƙari, ana ganin kumburi a kan baka na palatine da uvula. Buboes suna bayyana a cikin wuyansa, kunne da kuma ƙarƙashin muƙamuƙi (kuma suna bayyana a gefen da aka shafa tonsils).

Tare da shan kashi na ƙwayoyin lymph, mesentery yana tasowa nau'in tularemia na ciki, wanda aka bayyana ta mai tsanani, yanke ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya, zawo, amai. Wani lokaci anorexia yana faruwa akan wannan bangon. A kan palpation, zafi yana faruwa a cikin cibiya, karuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph na mesenteric ba za a iya gano shi ta hanyar tabawa ba (wannan za a iya yi kawai tare da duban dan tayi).

Inhalation na ƙura daga kayan lambu masu datti, bambaro, hatsi yana faruwa nau'in huhuYana faruwa a cikin nau'ikan 2: mashako (bronchial, paratracheal, mediastinal lymph nodes suna shafar, ana lura da buguwar jiki gabaɗaya, busassun tari yana faruwa, busawa a bayan kashin nono) da ciwon huhu (farawa sosai, kuma yanayin cutar yana wucewa a hankali a hankali. , bayyana kanta a matsayin mai da hankali pneumonia, rikitarwa sau da yawa ana lura a cikin nau'i abscesses, gangrene na huhu, pleurisy, bronchiectasis).

Ana la'akari da na ƙarshe kuma mafi wahala a ƙasa tsari na gama gari... Bisa ga alamun asibiti, yana kama da ciwon typhoid: zazzaɓi na yau da kullum da yanayin ruɗi, sanyi, rauni, ciwon kai, sani na iya zama gajimare, hasashe da azabar ɓacin rai. Sau da yawa, rashes masu tsayi suna fitowa a kan duk nau'in fata, buboes masu girma dabam da wurare. Har ila yau, rikitarwa na iya faruwa a cikin nau'i na ciwon huhu, cututtuka masu guba, polyarthritis, meningitis da myocarditis.

Hankali!

Gwamnati ba ta da alhakin kowane yunƙuri na amfani da bayanin da aka bayar, kuma ba ta da tabbacin cewa ba zai cutar da kai da kanka ba. Ba za a iya amfani da kayan don wajabta magani da yin ganewar asali ba. Koyaushe tuntuɓi likitan ku!