Trichinosis a cikin mutane

Trichinellosis - daya daga cikin irin helminthiasis. Cutar na faruwa ne ta hanyar shan wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta na ajin nematodes. Trichinella balagagge ta jima'i yana sanya tsutsanta a cikin hanjin mutum, kuma bayan haka, larvae suna shiga tsokoki tare da kwararar jini, kuma su kasance a can cikin kwanciyar hankali. A cikin makonni 3-4 daga farkon kamuwa da cuta, tsutsa suna tasowa kuma suna rufe da capsule. Wakilin da ke haifar da cutar shine tsutsa mai zagaye har zuwa tsayin 0,5 mm, yana ɗaukar siffar karkace.

Yaduwar trichinosis

Trichinosis a cikin mutane yana cikin nau'in biohelminthiasis, kamar yadda tsutsotsi na parasitic ke haifar da shi - Trichinella. Ana gano cutar a cikin dabbobi da mutane. Babban nau'ikan dabbobin da suka fi shafar trichinosis sune: wolf, fox, bear, badger, boar daji. Alade na cikin gida kuma suna iya kamuwa da irin wannan nau'in helminthiasis. Wannan yakan faru ne a lokacin da aladu ke kiwo, idan ya samu damar cin naman matattun dabbobi da kananan beraye.

Dalilan da ke haifar da yaduwar trichinosis:

• Kyakkyawan daidaitawar ƙwayar cuta zuwa yanayin zafi da zafi ya ba shi rayuwa a yawancin yankuna na yanayi;

• Jikin ɗan adam yana da saurin kamuwa da wannan cuta;

• Barkewar rukuni na helminthiasis ba sabon abu ba ne tsakanin membobin ƙungiya ɗaya ko iyali ɗaya waɗanda suka cinye nama tare da Trichinella;

• Maimaita lokuta na kamuwa da cuta suna faruwa saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali rigakafi da aka kafa bayan mamayewar farko.

Trichinella mutate, sabon nau'i na nematodes sun bayyana waɗanda ba su samar da capsule ba, da kuma nau'in da ke lalata tsuntsaye.

Hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta tare da trichinosis

Trichinella yana shiga jikin mutum ta baki, lokacin cin nama mai cutarwa. Kwayoyin cuta a cikin nama suna mutuwa yayin maganin zafi, don haka rashin dafa shi, warkewa da ɗanyen nama yana ɗaukar babban haɗari. Alade da suka kamu da cutar, naman hatimi, naman beraye, da naman boar daji suna da haɗari musamman.

Ci gaban trichinosis a cikin jikin mutum bayan kamuwa da cuta:

Alamun farko da alamun trichinosis

Trichinosis a cikin mutane baya haifar da cutarwa ta zahiri ga jiki. Babu canje-canje a cikin ƙwayar tsoka. Cutarwa ga lafiya na faruwa ne ta hanyar sinadarai da suka hada da jikin kwayar cutar. Suna da matukar ƙarfi allergens, abubuwa na waje. Mafi ƙarfi rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da su yana haifar da lalacewa ga tasoshin jini da haɗin gwiwa.

Lokacin shiryawa na trichinosis. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5 zuwa 30, sau da yawa - kwanaki 10-25. Babu alamun cutar. Akwai tsari - mafi tsanani nau'i na helminthiasis, tsawon lokacin latent (boye).

Lokaci yana ci gaba da tafiya. Tsawon lokaci na ci gaba da alamun bayyanar cututtuka yana nuna ci gaban wani nau'i mai tsanani na trichinosis.

Siffa mai laushi da matsakaici - alamomi:

• Hauhawar jini. Zazzabi yana ƙaruwa kaɗan, fiye da 37 ° C, girman yau da kullun ya bambanta tsakanin 1 ° C.

• Kumburi a jiki da gabobi. Dalilinsa shine rashin lafiyar shigar da furotin na waje. Alamar alama ita ce "fuskar kwaɗi" na majiyyaci.

• Ciwon tsoka a cikin babba da ƙananan ƙafafu, tsokoki na baya, wuyansa, idanu, pharynx, peritoneum. Ciwo mai tsanani yana farawa a cikin tsokoki na maraƙi, yana shafar mahaifa da taunawa. Ciwon yana kara tsanantawa ta hanyar palpation da motsi. Za su iya fara damun mai haƙuri daga kwanaki 1-3 na gabatarwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jiki. Farkon bayyanar ciwon tsoka shine alamar wani nau'i mai tsanani na trichinosis.

Rash a kan fata. Yana da siffofi daban-daban:

1. A cikin nau'i na rashin lafiyar urticaria - ruwan hoda blisters masu girma dabam, juya kodadde lokacin da aka danna;

2. Ƙunƙarar ƙaiƙayi ta tashi sama da saman fata (urticaria);

3. Ƙungiyoyin plaques suna haɗuwa da juna (papular rash).

Matsaloli a cikin nau'ikan trichinosis mai tsanani:

• Meningoencephalitis wani kumburi ne na rufin kwakwalwa.

• Kumburi na huhu (eosinophilic pneumonia). Ana haifar da cutar ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayar huhu na eosinophils - samfurori na rashin lafiyan halayen. Zai yiwu ci gaban pleurisy, bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka na mashako asma.

• Myocarditis wani kumburi ne na myocardium saboda rashin lafiyar jiki da kuma wuce gona da iri na tsarin rigakafi. Sau da yawa fiye da sauran rikitarwa ya zama dalilin mutuwar marasa lafiya.

• Nephritis shine kumburin ƙwayar koda.

• Hepatitis kumburin hanta ne.

• Ƙunƙarar jin zafi a cikin tsokoki suna haifar da ɓarna ko cikakken rashin motsi.

Yawan mace-mace a cikin mummunan nau'in cutar shine 10-30% na yawan adadin marasa lafiya. Mafi yawan lokuta na faruwar mutuwa shine makonni 4-8 daga farkon kamuwa da cuta. Tare da ƙananan siffofi, bayan makonni 5-6, marasa lafiya sun warke.

Alamun trichinosis dangane da mataki na cutar

Bayyanar trichinosis a farkon matakin raunin ya dogara ne akan ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki. Ci gaba da ci gaban cutar ya dogara ne akan yaduwar tsutsa a cikin tsokoki da yanayin tsarin rigakafi na mai haƙuri. Mafi tsanani rikitarwa na helminthiasis suna hade da rashin isasshen martani na jiki ga shigar da furotin na waje a cikin jiki, kuma ba ga aikin Trichinella da tsutsa su ba.

Alamun trichinosis a cikin mutane na iya zama kama da bayyanar myositis, allergies, da cututtuka masu yaduwa. Wannan hoton yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mai haƙuri bai san bayyanar helminthiasis a cikinsa ba.

Alamun trichinosis a cikin yara

Don cutar da yaro, ya isa ya ci ɗan ƙaramin nama tare da trichinella yana yin la'akari da 10-15 g, wanda bai yi cikakken maganin zafi ba. Lokacin latent yana daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 45. Mafi guntu wannan lokacin, cutar ta fi tsanani a cikin yaro.

1. Alamun a farkon mataki. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-14, bayan dawowa, ana lura da ƙananan bayyanar cututtuka na kwanaki 7-10.

   • Hyperthermia har zuwa 38,5 ° C:

   • Ƙunƙarar kumburin fuska;

   • ciwon tsoka mai laushi;

   • Edema na fatar ido;

   • Haɓaka haɓakar eosinophils da 10-12%.

2. Alamun suna cikin matsakaicin mataki. Lokacin m yana ɗaukar har zuwa makonni 3, gyarawa - makonni 2-3 bayan dawowa.

   • Hyperthermia har zuwa 40 ° C, magungunan antipyretic suna rage shi da bai wuce 1 ° C ba;

   • Jin zafi a cikin tsokoki, gidajen abinci, ciki da makogwaro;

   • Rawar fata;

   • kumburin fuska;

   • Sakamakon gwajin jini na gabaɗaya: ESR ya karu (sama da 17 mm/h), leukocytes ya karu (har zuwa 8,8 10).⁹/l), maida hankali na eosinophils ya karu zuwa 25-40%.

3. Alamun suna a mataki mai tsanani. Ana bi da shi a cikin sashin cututtukan cututtuka na asibiti, ba tare da magani ba yaron zai iya mutuwa.

   • hyperthermia har zuwa 41 ° C;

   • Girman hanta da ƙwayar cuta;

   • CNS cuta: delirium, tashin hankali, farfadiya seizures;

   • Hare-hare na ciwo mai tsanani a cikin ciki;

   • zawo, tashin zuciya, amai;

   • Ciwon tsoka mai tsanani, mai rikitarwa ta rikicewa;

   • Hemorrhages na subcutaneous da kurji;

   • Alamun gwajin jini na gabaɗaya: Leukocytes har zuwa 30-40 × 10⁹/l; ESR har zuwa 50-60 mm / h; taro na eosinophils har zuwa 80-90%;

   • Silinda da sunadarai a cikin fitsari.

Ana gudanar da maganin trichinosis a cikin yara tare da magungunan anthelmintic (Thiabendazole, Vermox) daidai da nauyin jiki da shekarun yaron.

Magunguna don alamun bayyanar cututtuka na trichinosis:

• Ibuprofen, Paracetamol - don rage zazzabi, rage zafi;

• Tsetrin, Loratadin - antihistamines don rage maye da bayyanar cututtuka;

• Papaverine, No-shpa - antispasmodics don rage zafi;

• Vitamins na kungiyoyin C da B don inganta rigakafi.

Gyarawa bayan an yi rashin lafiya tare da taimakon tausa, wanka tare da gishiri na teku da kayan lambu na magani, hadaddun magungunan warkewa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na trichinellosis

Nazarin jini na gabaɗaya. Tare da trichinosis a cikin mutane, abun ciki na eosinophils, nau'in leukocyte, yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin jini. Matsakaicin adadin farin jini sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa tare da matsanancin rashin lafiyar jiki, gami da rashin lafiyar da ke tare da trichinosis.

Canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki na jini, wanda aka gano tare da trichinosis:

• Adadin eosinophils ya kai daga 50 zuwa 80% na yawan adadin leukocytes;

• Ƙara yawan ƙwayar leukocytes shine alamar kunna rigakafi da kasancewar tsarin kumburi a cikin jiki.

Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka suna bayyana nan da nan bayan kamuwa da cuta, suna ci gaba da watanni 2-3 bayan dawowa.

ganewar asali na serological. Ana gudanar da bincike game da amsawar jini zuwa haɗewar antigens da aka samu daga tsutsa nematode. Antibodies zuwa gare su an kafa su azaman martani ga gabatarwar helminths.

Nau'o'in bincike na serological:

Gwajin rashin lafiyar cikin jijiya. Ana aiwatar da shi don tsokanar rashin lafiyar jiki don amsawa ga gabatarwar antigen trichinosis. Ana allurar wani ɓangare na maganin antigen a ƙarƙashin fata. Ana gano kasancewar cutar ta bayyanar hyperemia da ja a wurin allurar. Wannan hanya na iya gano trichinosis a farkon makonni 2 na kamuwa da cutar nematode. Kyakkyawan sakamako na gwajin rashin lafiyar yana ci gaba har tsawon shekaru 5-10.

Muscle biopsy. Ana yin shi ne a cikin rashin sakamako mai kyau daga wasu hanyoyin bincike. A karkashin na'urar hangen nesa, ana nazarin kwayoyin halitta da aka samu tare da allura daga tsokar mai haƙuri.

Nazarin naman dabbobi marasa lafiya. Tare da haɓaka da yawa, ana bincika naman dabbar, tushen da ake zargi da kamuwa da cuta. Yin amfani da na'urar hangen nesa, ana samun capsules tare da tsutsa a cikin kyallen jikin dabba mara lafiya.

Jiyya na trichinellosis

Magungunan anthelmintic (maganin da aka yi niyya don yaƙar wakili na cutar):

• a cikin kwanaki uku na farko; 100 MG sau 3 a rana;

• kwanaki 10 masu zuwa; 500 MG sau 3 a rana.

Yara a karkashin shekaru 7: 25 MG na miyagun ƙwayoyi sau 3 a rana. Yara masu shekaru 7; Shekaru 9: sau 3 a rana, 50 MG. Sama da shekaru 10:

• a cikin kwanaki uku na farko; 100 MG sau 2-3 a rana;

• sannan na kwana 10, 500 mg sau 3 a rana.

Sha bayan abinci. (; Cikakken littafin tunani na ƙwararrun cututtukan cututtuka; edita ta DMN, prof., Memba na RAE da REA Eliseeva Yu.Yu., Eksmo;, 2007)

Jiyya na bayyanar cututtuka na trichinosis

Babban yiwuwar mutuwa, sau da yawa sau da yawa cutar zuwa wani nau'i mai tsanani, babban adadin rikitarwa shine dalilai masu kyau don magance trichinosis kawai a cikin asibiti. Duk da haka, daga 10 zuwa 30% na lokuta suna mutuwa.

Ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka sami mummunar lalacewar tsoka, ana buƙatar kulawa da hankali, kamar yadda marasa lafiya ba su da motsi kuma suna kwance. Don dawo da motsi, ana gyara marasa lafiya ta hanyar yin amfani da tausa da hanyoyin motsa jiki.

Maganin bayyanar cututtuka na trichinosis a cikin mutane yana cike da maganin bitamin, kwayoyi don motsa jini, don kare hanta da kwakwalwa (idan waɗannan gabobin sun shafi).

Rigakafin trichinellosis

Matakan don hana trichinosis:

• Dole ne a dafa nama (musamman naman alade) a babban zafin jiki - aƙalla 74 ° C a cikin yanki na naman aƙalla 15 seconds. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, Trichinella larvae tabbas za su mutu idan har yanzu ba a rufe su da capsule mai kaifi ba. In ba haka ba, tsutsa ba za ta sha wahala ba ko da irin wannan dumama. Larvae yana da lokacin da za a rufe shi da capsule a cikin dogon lokaci na cutar a cikin dabba - mai ɗaukar Trichinella.

• Hanyar da ta dace don kashe Trichinella tana daskarewa na kwanaki 20 a -15 ° C, ko rike na kwanaki uku a -20 ° C.

• Lokacin kiwon aladu, kada a bar su su yi kiwo cikin yardar rai don hana dabbobi cin gawa mai cutar. Wajibi ne a kai a kai lalata berayen a wurin zama na dabbobi da kuma a cikin farfajiyar gona.

• Musamman haɗari shine cin naman naman daji masu kamuwa da trichinosis. Nau'in nematodes da ke lalata tsokoki na bears, badgers da like sun bambanta da aladu na Trichinella. Ba sa mutuwa ko da daskarewa mai tsayi. Ana buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci na thermal na irin wannan nama. Naman tsuntsayen daji kuma na iya zama haɗari a wannan batun.

Matakan taro don hana barkewar trichinosis

Rospotrebnadzor yana gudanar da saka idanu na tsari na yanayin kiyaye dabbobin da aka yi niyya don kiwo don nama. Ba a gudanar da siyar da nama ba tare da gwada shi don trichinosis ba. Ana gudanar da irin wannan iko a kasuwa da kuma a cikin shaguna na musamman. Ba a tabbatar da amincin naman da ake sayar da shi a wuraren ciniki ba.

Yadda za a gwada nama don trichinosis?

Trichinella larvae ana samun su a yawancin nau'in dabbobi. Naman da ake amfani da shi don cin abinci na ɗan adam dole ne a shawo kan cutar. Mafi hatsarin nau'in nama shine naman alade, naman bear, naman boar daji.

Siffar naman mai cutar a zahiri bai bambanta da naman gawa mai lafiya ba. Matsakaicin Trichinella a cikin abin da ya shafa ya kai guda 200 a kowace gram 1. Ana gudanar da gwajin nama a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa. Bayan bincike, an sanya tambari na musamman akan gawar.

A ina zan iya gwada trichinosis?

A cikin tsaftar muhalli da tashar annoba ko a dakin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi na kasuwar abinci, ana ɗaukar samfurori daga gawar dabbar. Samfurori waɗanda ba su wuce 5 g ba ana ɗaukar su daga wuraren haɓakar haɓakar jini: tsokoki na masticatory, harshe, tsokoki na intercostal, diaphragm.

Ba a kula da dakin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi a kasuwannin ba zato ba tsammani, a lokacin da ake yanka dabbobi da yawa, a lokacin cin kofin farauta. Abin takaici, ana iya samun trichinella a cikin kashi 30% na naman da ake ganin ya dace da abinci. Rigakafin kamuwa da cuta - dafa abinci a hankali na nama. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman lokacin cin wasa a cikin wuraren da ke fama da trichinosis.

Yadda za a dafa nama don ware kamuwa da cuta tare da trichinosis?

Tsutsa na Trichinella a cikin kauri na tsoka nama za a iya dogara da kariya daga lalacewa ta capsule. Wannan ba ya sa ya zama ƙasa da haɗari, yana kuma ƙara kare kariya daga matsanancin zafi a gare shi. Mafarauta waɗanda suka sami wasa, da ƙauyen da suke girma da yanka naman alade a bayan gida, ba koyaushe suna gwada shi don trichinosis ba. Dafa abinci da kyau na iya hana cutar.

Babban abu shine isa ga zafin jiki na 80 ° C na mintina 15 a cikin dukan kauri na yanki.

Hanya mafi kyau don dafa nama:

• Tafasa nama na tsawon sa'o'i 2,5, a yanka a cikin guda ba fiye da 8 cm lokacin farin ciki ba;

• Frying da stewing nama na tsawon sa'o'i 1,5 (yankuna kada su kasance masu kauri fiye da 2,5 cm);

• An ba da izinin Salo don amfani kawai a cikin nau'i mai narkewa.

Abubuwan nama masu haɗari:

• Sausages na gida da danyen kyafaffen;

• Naman daskararre a rashin isasshen zafin jiki;

• Nikakken nama jita-jita;

• Danyen man alade da nama;

• Beefsteaks tare da jini;

• Naman alade da aka gasa;

• Shan taba da busasshen nama.