Toxocariasis a cikin yara

Toxocariasis a cikin yara shine helminthiasis zoonotic, wanda ke bayyana ta hanyar lalacewa ga gabobin ciki da idanu ta hanyar tsutsa nematode da ke ƙaura ta jiki. Cutar ta haifar da tsutsar toxocara (Toxocara canis). Tsutsotsi suna da tsayin jiki mai kama da silinda, wanda aka nuna a ƙarshen duka. Tsawon mata na iya kai 10 cm, maza kuma 6 cm.

Manya-manyan mutane parasitize a cikin jikin karnuka, kyarkeci, jackals da sauran canids, ƙasa da ƙasa ana samun Toxocara a jikin kuliyoyi. Dabbobi suna sakin ƙwai a cikin muhalli, wanda bayan wani ɗan lokaci yakan zama masu ɓarna, bayan haka sai su shiga jikin dabbar da ke shayarwa su yi ƙaura ta cikinsa, suna haifar da alamun cutar. Toxocariasis, bisa ga rarrabuwa na helminthiases, nasa ne na geohelminthiases, tun da qwai tare da tsutsa suna shirya don mamayewa a cikin ƙasa.

Toxocariasis a cikin yara yana bayyana ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka iri-iri wanda har ma likitocin da suka ƙware a wasu lokuta ba su iya yin ganewar asali dangane da hoton asibiti na cutar. Gaskiyar ita ce, tsutsa na iya shiga cikin kusan kowace sashin jiki na yaron, yayin da suke yin hijira ta hanyar jini. Dangane da wace gabobin da abin ya shafa, alamun cutar sun bambanta.

Duk da haka, ko da yaushe tare da toxocariasis, yara suna haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen kamar urticaria ko mashako. A lokuta masu tsanani, ana lura da edema na Quincke.

Toxocariasis yana yaduwa a tsakanin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 14 da ke zaune a yankunan karkara. A cikin babban yankin haɗari, yara daga shekaru 3 zuwa 5. Cutar na iya wucewa har tsawon shekaru, kuma iyaye ba za su yi nasara ba da yaron don cututtuka iri-iri. Ingantacciyar maganin antiparasitic kawai zai ceci yara daga matsalolin lafiya da yawa.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da toxocariasis a cikin yara

Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine yawanci karnuka. 'Yan kwikwiyo suna da mafi girman mahimmancin annoba ta fuskar yada kamuwa da cuta. A causative wakili na toxocariasis a Cats ne sosai rare.

Parasites a cikin bayyanar suna da kama da tsutsotsi na ɗan adam, saboda suna cikin rukuni ɗaya na helminths. Dukansu toxocars da roundworms suna da tsari iri ɗaya, yanayin yanayin rayuwa iri ɗaya. Koyaya, madaidaicin mai watsa shiri a Ascaris ɗan adam ne, yayin da a cikin Toxocara kare ne. Saboda haka, alamun cutar sun bambanta.

Idan kwayoyin cuta sun shiga jikin mutumin da ya kasance mai masaukinsu na bazata, to suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga gabobin ciki, tun da ba su iya wanzuwa a jikinsa kamar yadda ya kamata. Larvae ba za su iya cika yanayin rayuwarsu yadda ya kamata ba kuma su zama mutum balagagge cikin jima'i.

Toxocars suna shiga jikin dabbobi (cats da karnuka) ta hanyar gastrointestinal tract, mafi yawan lokuta wannan yana faruwa a lokacin cin sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, lokacin cin najasa tare da tsutsa, a lokacin ci gaban ƙwanƙwasa (larvae suna iya shiga cikin mahaifa), ko kuma lokacin da ƙwanƙwasa. ana shayar da uwa mara lafiya. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin ciki, tsutsa suna fitowa daga harsashi, suna shiga cikin jini a cikin hanta, cikin ƙananan vena cava, zuwa cikin dama atrium da kuma cikin huhu. Daga nan sai su taso cikin bututun ruwa, cikin makogwaro, cikin makogwaro, sai a sake hadiye su da miyau, su sake shiga ciki, inda suka balaga. A cikin ƙananan hanji na kuliyoyi da karnuka ne Toxocara ke rayuwa, parasitize da ninka. Ana fitar da ƙwayayen su tare da najasa a cikin yanayin waje kuma bayan wani lokaci suna shirye don mamayewa.

Kamuwa da yara tare da toxocariasis yana faruwa kamar haka:

• Yaron yana haɗiye ƙwai na tsutsa daga fur na dabba.

• Yaron yana cin abinci da aka gurbata da ƙwai na Toxocara (mafi yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, berries, ganye).

• Yaron yana cin ƙasa (mafi yawan yashi) tare da qwai toxocara. Yawancin wannan yana faruwa a lokacin wasanni a cikin akwatin yashi kuma saboda yanayin shekarun yara.

• kyankyasai suna haifar da haɗari na musamman dangane da watsa toxocariasis ga mutane. Suna cin ƙwayayen tsutsotsi suna fitar da su a cikin gidajen mutane, galibi suna shuka abincin ɗan adam da najasa da ƙwai mai ƙarfi. Wannan na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutane.

• Alade, kaji, raguna na iya aiki azaman dabbobin tafki don tsutsa toxocar. Don haka, yaro na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar cin nama mai cutar.

Yara ƙanana ne waɗanda galibi sukan kamu da toxocariasis, tunda ba su da ƙa'idodin tsabtace mutum marasa kyau. Kololuwar mamayewa na fadowa a lokacin dumi, lokacin da hulɗar ɗan adam da ƙasa ta zama mai yawa.

Da zarar a cikin jikin yaro, toxocara larvae suna shiga cikin tsarin tsarin kuma suna zaune a cikin nau'o'in gabobin. Tun da jikin ɗan adam yanayi ne da bai dace da toxocara ba, tsutsa tana lulluɓe a cikin babban capsule mai yawa kuma a cikin wannan nau'in zai zama mara aiki na dogon lokaci. A cikin wannan yanayin, tsutsa na parasite na iya wanzu har tsawon shekaru. A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin rigakafi na yaron ba ya ƙyale ta ta ci gaba da ci gaba da kai hare-hare ga kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon haka, a wurin da parasite ya tsaya, kumburi na kullum yana faruwa. Idan tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana, tsutsa ta fara aiki kuma cutar ta tsananta.

Alamun toxocariasis a cikin yara

Alamun toxocariasis a cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 12 an fi bayyana su, wani lokacin cutar ta dauki hanya mai tsanani. A lokacin tsufa, ana iya goge alamun cutar, ko kuma rashin gunaguni daga majiyyaci.

Alamun toxocariasis a cikin yara ya kamata a yi la'akari da su ta hanyar nau'in cutar, wato, dangane da abin da kwayar cutar ta shafa:

1. Visceral toxocariasis a cikin yara tare da lalata gabobin ciki. Tun da tsutsa na tsutsotsi suna ratsa jiki ta cikin jijiyoyi, yawanci sukan zauna a cikin gabobin da ke da wadataccen jini, amma jinin da ke cikin su ba ya da ƙarfi. Galibi shi ne huhu, hanta da kwakwalwa.

   Idan akai la'akari da shan kashi daga cikin gabobin ciki na yaro (hanta, biliary fili, pancreas, hanji) da Toxocar larvae, za a iya bambanta wadannan bayyanar cututtuka:

   • Jin zafi a cikin dama hypochondrium, a cikin ciki, a cikin cibiya.

   • Rashin ci.

   • Kumburin ciki.

   • Daci a baki.

   • Sauye-sauyen zawo da maƙarƙashiya.

   • Ciwon ciki da amai.

   • Rashin nauyin jiki, raguwa a ci gaban jiki.

   Idan toxocars suna shafar huhu, to, yaron yana haɓaka halayen halayen broncho-pulmonary tare da busassun tari, ƙarancin numfashi, da wahalar numfashi. Ci gaban ciwon asma ba a cire shi ba. Akwai shaidar bayyanar ciwon huhu, wanda ya ƙare a mutuwa.

   Idan larvae ya zauna a kan bawul ɗin zuciya, to wannan yana haifar da ci gaban ciwon zuciya a cikin mai haƙuri. Yaron yana da fata mai launin shuɗi, ƙananan ƙafafu da na sama, triangle nasolabial. Ko da a lokacin hutawa, ƙarancin numfashi da tari suna faruwa. Tare da shan kashi na rabi na dama na zuciya, edema mai tsanani ya bayyana akan kafafu. Wannan yanayin yana buƙatar asibiti na gaggawa.

2. Toxocariasis na ido a cikin yara. Gabobin hangen nesa ba kasafai suke shafar toxocara larvae, wannan yana bayyana ta hanyar asarar hangen nesa, hyperemia conjunctival, kumburin ido, da zafi a cikin ido. Galibi ido daya yakan shafa.

3. Cutaneous toxocariasis a cikin yara. Idan tsutsa ta shiga cikin dermis na yaron, to, wannan yana nunawa ta hanyar itching mai tsanani, konewa, jin motsi a ƙarƙashin fata. A wurin da tsutsa ya tsaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, kumburi mai tsayi yana faruwa.

4. Neurological toxocariasis a cikin yara. Idan tsutsa toxocara ya shiga cikin meninges, to, cutar ta bayyana kanta tare da halayen halayen halayen halayen halayen: rashin daidaituwa, rashin daidaituwa, ciwon kai, damuwa barci, dizziness, alamun lalacewar kwakwalwa mai zurfi (maƙarƙashiya, paralysis, paresis, da dai sauransu).

Ko da kuwa inda tsutsa ta tsaya, tsarin rigakafi ya fara fara kai hari, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban rashin lafiyan halayen:

• Rushewar fata. Mafi sau da yawa, yana kama da cizon sauro kuma yana da siffar zobe. Kurjin yana da tsananin ƙaiƙayi kuma yana iya faruwa kusan ko'ina a jiki.

• Quincke ta edema. Wannan yanayin yana nuna kumburin kyallen takarda mai laushi a cikin wuyansa. Tare da bayyana ra'ayi, harin asma na iya faruwa, wanda, idan ba a ba da taimakon da ya dace ba, zai kai ga mutuwar yaron.

• Ciwon asma. Yaron yana tari akai-akai. Tari yana da busassun hali, sputum yana rabu da ƙananan ƙananan. A yayin harin, ana jin hayaniya mai ƙarfi da hayaniya.

Alamun na yau da kullun na toxocariasis a cikin yara sune:

• Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 37-38 ° C da sama, yanayin zazzabi.

• Rashin maye na jiki tare da rauni, ciwon kai, asarar ci.

• Girman nodes na lymph a girman, yayin da ba sa cutar da su kuma suna zama ta hannu.

• Ciwon huhu tare da bushewar tari mai tsayi.

• Girman safa da hanta a girman.

• Cin zarafin microflora na hanji.

• Cututtuka masu yawa da ke da alaƙa da rigakafin rigakafi.

Bincike na toxocariasis a cikin yara

Binciken toxocariasis a cikin yara yana da matukar wahala, tun da alamun cutar suna da wuyar ganewa daga cututtuka na sauran gabobin. Shi ya sa irin wadannan yara sun dade ba su yi nasara ba daga likitocin gastroenterologists, pulmonologists da sauran kunkuntar kwararru. Likitocin yara suna rarraba irin waɗannan yara a matsayin marasa lafiya akai-akai.

Ana iya zargin mamayewa na parasitic ta hanyar haɓaka eosinophils a cikin jini (suna da alhakin rigakafi na antiparasitic) da haɓakar jimlar immunoglobulin E.

Wani lokaci Toxocara tsutsa za a iya samu a sputum a lokacin duban dan tayi. Koyaya, hanyar da ta fi dacewa don gano wannan mamayewar parasitic ita ce ELISA tare da antigen extrasecretory na Toxocara larvae.

Jiyya na toxocariasis a cikin yara

Jiyya na toxocariasis a cikin yara yana farawa da sarrafa magungunan anthelmintic.

Mafi sau da yawa, an rubuta wa yaro ɗaya daga cikin magunguna masu zuwa:

• Mintezol Hanyar magani na iya zama kwanaki 5-10.

• Vermox Hanyar magani na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 14 zuwa 28.

• dithazine citrate. Ana shan maganin don makonni 2-4.

• Albendazole. Cikakken karatun na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 10 zuwa 20.

Bugu da ƙari, yaron yana buƙatar daidaita microflora na hanji. Don yin wannan, an wajabta shi probiotics Linex, Bifiform, Bifidum forte, da dai sauransu. Don cire gubobi daga hanji, an wajabta adsorbents, misali, Smektu ko Enterol.

An rage maganin bayyanar cututtuka zuwa shan magungunan antipyretic (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen). Tare da ciwo mai tsanani a cikin ciki, yana yiwuwa a rubuta Papaverine. Don kawar da rashin lafiyan halayen, an wajabta wa yaron maganin antihistamines, ciki har da Zirtek, Zodak, da sauransu. Hakanan ya shafi maganin electrolyte da ake gudanarwa ta cikin jini a asibiti don rage alamun maye.

Tabbatar da rubuta hepatoprotectors ga yara, wanda ya ba da damar mayar da aikin hanta. Idan akwai buƙata, to, ba kawai likitan parasitologist, likitan yara da ƙwararrun cututtukan cututtuka ba, har ma da likitan neurologist, likitan ido, da likitan fiɗa suna cikin aikin.

Lokacin da alamun cutar suka yi tsanani, ana nuna wurin sanya yaron a asibiti.

Bugu da ƙari, shan magunguna, an canja yaron zuwa abinci na musamman, cire daga menu duk samfurori da zasu iya haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen. Waɗannan su ne cakulan, 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, kayan kamshi, nama mai kyafaffen, da dai sauransu.

Lokacin da aka sallame yaron daga asibiti, likitan yara zai duba shi har tsawon shekara guda, yana ziyartar shi kowane watanni 2. Dangane da tsananin cutar, ba a yiwa yara allurar tsawon watanni 1-3 ba. A daidai wannan lokacin ana ba su izinin likita daga ilimin motsa jiki.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, tsinkayen toxocariasis a cikin yara yana da kyau, lalacewar zuciya, kwakwalwa da idanu yana da wuya. Duk da haka, yana da haɗari sosai don jinkirta tare da isasshen magani.