Tsarin lokaci a Python 3. Babban hanyoyin, samfuri, misalai

Kusan kowane shiri yana amfani da lokaci. A Python, an ƙirƙira wani ɗakin karatu daban don wannan - lokaciana amfani da shi don aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri da shi. Don yin aiki, dole ne a fara bayyana shi a farkon lambar. Ana amfani da wannan layi don wannan:

shigo da lokaci

Bari mu yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban kan yadda ake amfani da wannan ƙirar daidai a aikace. 

Ƙayyade adadin daƙiƙa tun zamanin

Don cika wannan aikin, akwai aiki lokaci() wanda bai ɗauki sigogi ba. Ƙimar dawowarta shine daƙiƙa nawa suka shuɗe tun ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1970. A Python, wannan lokacin ana kiransa farkon zamanin. Akalla a cikin tsarin aiki na dangin Unix.

Amma ga Windows, kwanan wata ɗaya ce, amma ana iya samun matsaloli tare da munanan dabi'u waɗanda suka kasance kafin wannan kwanan wata. 

Yankin lokaci da ake amfani da shi shine UTC.

shigo da lokaci

seconds = lokaci.lokaci()

buga ("Secons tun zamanin =", seconds)

Matsalolin wannan aikin shine baya nuna ainihin kwanan wata, amma adadin dakika kawai. Don canzawa zuwa tsarin da kowa ya sani, kuna buƙatar amfani da ingantaccen bayani. Don wannan, ana amfani da aikin lokaci.lokaci().

Mayar da kwanan wata, lokaci a tsarin da aka saba

Don dawo da lokaci a cikin tsarin da aka saba, akwai hanya lokaci.lokaci(). Maƙallan suna nuna maɓalli ko lamba da ke nuna adadin daƙiƙan da suka shuɗe tun farkon zamanin. Wannan hanyar tana mayar da duk halayen kwanan wata da lokaci, gami da kwanan wata, shekara, adadin sa'o'i, mintuna, sakan, da ranar mako.

Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan aikin ba tare da gardama ba. A wannan yanayin, yana mayar da kwanan wata, lokaci, da sauransu.

Ga snippet code wanda ke nuna wannan.

shigo da lokaci

buga (lokaci.lokaci())

Talata 23 Oktoba 10:18:23 2018

Layi na ƙarshe shine abin da aka buga zuwa na'ura mai kwakwalwa inda mai fassarar Python ke gudana. Hanyar tana tsara adadin daƙiƙai da aka karɓa ta atomatik zuwa sigar sanannen mai amfani. Gaskiya ne, duk abubuwan da aka kwatanta a sama ba safai ake amfani da su ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kana buƙatar samun ko dai lokaci kawai, ko kuma kwanan wata kawai. Don wannan, ana amfani da aikin daban - strftime (). Amma kafin mu yi la'akari da shi, muna bukatar mu yi la'akari da ajin time.struct_time.

lokacin aji.struct_time

Wannan rukuni ne na muhawara waɗanda za a iya yarda da su ta hanyoyi da yawa. Ba shi da wani zaɓi. Tuple ne mai suna dubawa. A taƙaice, ana iya isa ga abubuwan wannan ajin ta suna da lambar fihirisa.

Ya ƙunshi halaye masu zuwa.Tsarin lokaci a Python 3. Babban hanyoyin, samfuri, misalai

Hankali! Ba kamar sauran harsunan shirye-shirye ba, a nan watan zai iya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 12, ba daga sifili zuwa 11 ba.

Mayar da Takamaiman Tsarin

Amfani da aikin strftime() za ku iya samun shekara, wata, rana, sa'a, mintuna, daƙiƙai daban-daban kuma ku mayar da su zuwa layin rubutu. Sannan ana iya buga shi ga mai amfani ta amfani da aikin buga () ko akasin haka.

A matsayin hujja, aiki na iya ɗaukar kowane maɓalli wanda ke ɗaukar ƙimar da wasu ayyuka na wannan ƙirar suka dawo. Misali, zaku iya canja wurin lokacin gida zuwa gare shi (za'a tattauna shi daga baya), wanda zai fitar da bayanan da suka dace.

Ga snippet code inda muke yin shi.

shigo da lokaci

mai suna_tuple = lokaci.Localtime() # samun struct_time

time_string = time.strftime(«%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S», mai suna_tuple)

buga(time_string)

Idan kun gudanar da wannan lambar, za a nuna kwanan wata da lokaci na yanzu. Za a iya canza tsari da jerin abubuwan abubuwa. Gasu kamar haka:

  1. %Y shine shekara.
  2. %m wata ne.
  3. %d - rana.
  4. %H - lokaci.
  5. %M - minti.
  6. %S - na biyu.

Don haka, zaku iya sanya shi don fitar da shi keɓantacce na wata da rana. Don yin wannan, ba kwa buƙatar ba da umarni don nuna shekara. Wato, rubuta a cikin dabarar da ke sama a matsayin hujja %m/%d, kuma shi ke nan. Ko akasin haka, %d/%m. 

A gaskiya ma, yawan adadin kirtani ya fi girma. Anan akwai tebur inda aka kwatanta su dalla-dalla.Tsarin lokaci a Python 3. Babban hanyoyin, samfuri, misalai

Dakatar da zaren don takamaiman adadin daƙiƙai

Don wannan, ana amfani da aikin barci (). Babban babban toshe ayyukan shirye-shirye yana da alaƙa da wucewar lokaci. Wani lokaci dole ne ka jinkirta mataki na gaba na wani ɗan lokaci. Misali, idan kuna buƙatar yin hulɗa tare da bayanan bayanan da ke ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don aiwatarwa.

A matsayin hujja, hanyar tana amfani da ƙimar da ke bayyana adadin daƙiƙa don jinkirta mataki na gaba daga algorithm.

Misali, a cikin wannan snippet, jinkirin shine daƙiƙa 10.

shigo da lokaci

dakata = 10

buga ("Shirin ya fara…")

lokaci.barci(dakata)

buga (str (dakata) + » daƙiƙa sun shuɗe.»)

A sakamakon haka, za mu sami wannan:

An fara shirin…

10 seconds sun wuce.

Kamar yadda muke iya gani daga fitowar shirin, shirin ya fara bayar da rahoton cewa ya fara. Kuma bayan dakika goma, ta rubuta cewa wannan lokaci ya wuce.

Ayyukan yana ba ku damar tantance tsawon lokacin dakatawar a cikin millise seconds. Don yin wannan, muna amfani da ƙimar juzu'i na gardamar aikin barci. Misali, 0,1. Wannan yana nufin cewa jinkirin zai zama miliyon 100.

Samu lokacin gida

Yin amfani da aikin localtime() shirin, shirin yana samun adadin daƙiƙai tun farkon zamanin a wani yanki na musamman. 

Bari mu ba da misali code don tsabta.

shigo da lokaci

sakamako = lokaci.Localtime (1575721830)

buga ("sakamako:", sakamako)

buga («nгод:», result.tm_year)

buga («tm_hour:», sakamako.tm_hour)

Koma struct_time a cikin UTC dangane da adadin daƙiƙa tun zamanin

Ana samun wannan aikin ta amfani da lokaci.gmtime(). hanya. Zai fi bayyana idan muka ba da misali.

shigo da lokaci

sakamako = lokaci.gmtime (1575721830)

buga ("sakamako:", sakamako)

buga («nгод:», result.tm_year)

buga («tm_hour:», sakamako.tm_hour)

Idan kun kunna wannan jerin ayyuka, to za a nuna saitin abubuwan da suka shafi lokaci, shekara da yankin lokaci.

Mayar da adadin daƙiƙai tun farkon zamanin tare da juyawa ta atomatik zuwa lokacin gida

Idan kun fuskanci irin wannan aikin, ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar amfani da hanyar mktime(), wanda ke ɗauka tsarin_lokaci. Bayan haka, yana aiwatar da aikin baya na aikin localtime(). Wato tana jujjuya lokaci bisa ga yankin lokacin gida zuwa adadin daƙiƙai da suka shuɗe tun farkon zamanin, wanda aka daidaita don yankin lokaci.

Ayyukan mktime() da localtime() suna da alaƙa da juna. Wannan snippet code yana nuna hakan a fili. Bari mu dube shi don ƙarin fahimtar yadda yake aiki. 

shigo da lokaci

seconds = 1575721830

# dawo da tsari_lokaci

t = lokaci.Localtime(dakika)

buga («t1: «, t)

# dawo da daƙiƙa daga lokaci_struct_time

s = lokaci.mktime (t)

buga («ns:», dakika)

Mun ga cewa m seconds an sanya 1575721830 seconds tun zamanin. Na farko, shirin yana samun ainihin kwanan wata, lokaci da sauran sigogi, dangane da wannan darajar, sanya shi a cikin mai canzawa t, sa'an nan kuma ya mayar da abinda ke ciki zuwa ma'auni s.

Bayan haka ya kashe sabon layi kuma yana nuna adadin daƙiƙa a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo. Kuna iya bincika cewa za ta kasance lamba ɗaya da aka sanya wa ma'aunin sakanni.

Kwanan fitarwa daga lambobi 9 waɗanda ke nufin struct_time

A ce muna da lambobi 9 da ke wakiltar shekara, wata, kwanan wata, ranar mako da wasu ƙididdiga masu yawa, kuma muna buƙatar haɗa su cikin layi ɗaya. Don wannan, ana amfani da aikin asctime(). Ta karba ko a shirye tsarin_lokaci, ko wani tuple na 9 dabi'u da ke tsaye ga iri ɗaya. Bayan haka, za a dawo da zaren, wanda shine kwanan wata, lokaci, da adadin wasu sigogi. 

Yana da matukar dacewa a yi amfani da wannan hanyar don kawo rarrabuwar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanan mai amfani zuwa maɓalli ɗaya..

Misali, yana iya zama shirin inda mai amfani ya keɓance rana, wata, shekara, ranar mako, da sauran bayanai dangane da rajista don taron. Bayan haka, ana shigar da bayanan da aka karɓa a cikin ma'ajin bayanai sannan a ba wa wani wanda ya buƙace su.

Samun lokaci da kwanan wata bisa tushen Python kirtani

A ce mai amfani ya ƙayyade bayanan da ba su dace ba, kuma muna buƙatar haɗa su zuwa layi ɗaya a cikin tsarin da mutumin ya shigar, sa'an nan kuma ya yi kwafi zuwa wani mabambanta, kuma a sake gina shi zuwa daidaitaccen tsari a can. Don wannan, ana amfani da aikin lokaci.strptime ().

Yana ɗaukar ma'auni wanda aka ƙayyade wannan ƙimar, kuma ya dawo da abin da muka sani tsarin_lokaci.

Don bayyanawa, za mu rubuta irin wannan shirin.

shigo da lokaci

time_string = "15 Yuni, 2019"

sakamako = time.strptime(time_string, «%d %B, %Y»)

buga(sakamako)

Yi tsammani abin da fitarwa zai kasance? Yi ƙoƙarin yin zato ba tare da kallon layin ƙasa ba. Sannan a duba amsar.

time.struct_time (tm_year=2019, tm_mon=6, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=166, tm_isdst=-1)

A wata kalma, yin aiki da ranaku da lokuta a Python ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan. Ya isa ya bi waɗannan umarnin, kuma komai zai yi aiki. Amfani da Library lokaci mai amfani yana samun dama mai yawa don aiki tare da lokaci, kamar:

  1. Dakatar da aiwatar da shirin na ƙayyadadden adadin lokaci.
  2. Nuna lokacin da ya wuce tun zamanin, a cikin daƙiƙa. Ana iya amfani da wannan bayanin don taƙaita lokaci ko yin wasu ayyukan lissafi akansa.
  3. Juya zuwa tsari mai dacewa. Bugu da ƙari, mai tsara shirye-shirye da kansa zai iya saita abubuwan da za a nuna kuma a cikin wane tsari. 

Har ila yau, akwai wasu dama da dama, amma a yau mun bincika mafi mahimmanci. Za su zo da amfani a kusan kowane shirin da ko ta yaya yake aiki tare da lokaci. Sa'a.

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