sorghum

description

Hatsi kamar Sorghum (Latin Sorghum, wanda ke nufin "tashi"), sananne ne azaman kayan ɗanɗani na halitta don yin tsintsiya madaidaiciya saboda ɗanɗano da ƙarfi.

Plantasar mahaifar ta wannan shekara ita ce Gabashin Afirka, inda aka shuka wannan amfanin a ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Shuke-shuke ya bazu sosai a Indiya, da Turai, da Asiya, da Amurka.

Sakamakon juriya da bushewa da yanayi mai zafi, dawa ita ce mafi ingancin abinci kuma har yanzu ita ce babbar hanyar samar da abinci ga al'ummomin nahiyar Afirka.

Yau sorghum na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tsire-tsire biyar a duniya kuma ya sami aikace-aikace a wurare daban-daban na ayyukan ɗan adam. Wannan al'ada ta girma sosai a yankunan kudanci.

Tarihin dawa

Dawa shine sananne a matsayin amfanin gona tun zamanin da. A cewar Linnaeus da Vntra, a Indiya, wurin da aka haifi dawa, suna noma shi shekaru 3000 kafin haihuwar Kristi.

Koyaya, ba a sami irin dawa mai daɗi a Indiya ba. Saboda haka, masanin tsirrai dan Switzerland A. Decandol yana da niyyar gaskata cewa dawa ya samo asali ne daga Afirka ta tsakiya, inda a yanzu ake samun nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan shuka. Wasu masana kimiyya na Amurka suna bin ra'ayi iri ɗaya. An san dawa a kasar Sin tun shekarar 2000 BC. e.

Don haka, babu wata yarjejeniya a kan asalin dawa. Mutum zai iya ɗauka kawai cewa haihuwar wannan al'ada tana da alaƙa da Afirka, Indiya, da China, inda noma ya tashi da kansa. Har ila yau, adabin Jamusanci ya lura cewa dawa shine asalin polyphyletic tare da aƙalla asalinsa biyu - Afirka ta tsakiya da Abyssinia. An kuma ambata Indiya a matsayin cibiyar ta uku.

Turai

Masani ya bayyana a Turai da yawa daga baya. Koyaya, ambaton sa na farko ya ƙunshi aikin Pliny Dattijo (23-79 AD) "Tarihin Halitta," inda aka lura cewa an kawo dawa zuwa Rome daga Indiya. Wannan bayanin yana da tabbas.

Yawancin masu bincike suna ƙayyade kwanan baya na kutsawa cikin yankin Turai - karni na 15 lokacin da Genoese da Venetians suka kawo daga Indiya. Ya kasance tsakanin ƙarni na XV-XVI. An fara karatu da rarraba al'adun dawa a cikin Turai. A cikin karni na XVII. An kawo Dawa zuwa Amurka. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya da Ba'amurke da Soviet suka ba da shawara, dawa ya kutsa cikin mutanen gida da aka kama a bautar daga Afirka ta yamma.

Duniya ta yadu

Sakamakon haka, tuni a cikin karni na XVII. Masarar dawa ta shahara a duk nahiyoyin duniya, amma har yanzu wuraren da ake noman su sun hada da Indiya, China, da kuma Afirka ta Tsakiya. A nan an tattara fiye da kashi 95% na duk abin da ake nomawa a duniya. Sha'awar dawa a Turai da Amurka ya fara bayyana ne kawai a rabin rabin karni na 19, a lokacin shigo da shi daga China zuwa Faransa da Amurka. A cewar AG Shapoval, a cikin 1851, karamin jakadan Faransa ya kawo kwaya daya daga tsibirin Zung-Ming; an shuka shi a Faransa kuma ya karɓi iri 800. A cikin 1853, waɗannan tsaba sun shiga Amurka.

1851 Dan kasuwar Ingilishi Leonard Vreidrie Hal zuwa Kudancin Amurka kuma ya kasance yana da sha'awar irin dawa da yawa da Zulus da Kaffirs suka shuka. A cikin 1854 ya shuka iri 16 na wannan al'adun da ya zo da su a Italiya, Spain, da Faransa. Wadannan nau'ikan dawawan kaffir sun zo Amurka ne a shekarar 1857 kuma da farko sun bazu a jihohin Carolina da Georgia.

Yadda dawa ke tsirowa

Dawa shine tsiron da ba shi da ɗanɗano wanda yake da ƙarancin hatsi tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen sa.

sorghum

Ba shi da wahala a shuka wannan tsiron tunda yana nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa, kwata-kwata ba ya bukatar abin da ke cikin ƙasa, kuma yana iya girma ko da a yanayin yanayin ƙasa ne. Abin kawai mara kyau shine cewa baya jure sanyi da kyau.

Amma dawa yana tsayayya da fari, yana da tsayayya ga yawancin kwari da cutuka masu cutarwa; saboda haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, baya buƙatar amfani da magungunan ƙwari masu tsada.

Abun ciki da abun cikin kalori

  • Sunadaran 11g
  • Kitsen 4g
  • Carbohydrates 60 g

Abincin kalori na hatsi Sorghum shine 323 kcal a kowace gram 100 na samfur.

Ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani masu zuwa: alli; potassium; phosphorus; sodium; magnesium; jan karfe; selenium; zinc; baƙin ƙarfe; manganese; molybdenum. Hakanan ana samun bitamin a cikin dawa. An wadata shuka da ƙungiyoyin bitamin masu zuwa: B1; NA 2; NA 6; DAGA; PP H; folic acid.

sorghum

Amfanin lafiyar dawa

Dawa na iya zama fari, rawaya, kasa-kasa, da baƙi. Fa'idodin da ake samu daga irin wannan hatsi suna da wuyar wuce gona da iri. Kamar yadda aka riga muka ambata, dawa shine shagon bitamin, kuma da farko dai - bitamin na rukuni na XNUMX.

Thiamine (B1) yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma aiki mai girma. Hakanan yana daidaita sirrin ciki, kuma aikin tsoka na zuciya yana ƙaruwa ci kuma yana ƙara sautin tsoka. Dawa ya wuce sauran kwanukan hatsi dangane da abubuwan riboflavin (B2). Wannan bitamin yana tallafawa fata da ƙusa lafiya da ci gaban gashi. A ƙarshe, pyridoxine (B6) yana motsa kuzari.

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, sorghum kyakkyawan maganin antioxidant ne. Abubuwan polyphenolic da aka haɗa a cikin abun da ke ciki suna ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki, suna kare jiki daga tasirin abubuwan muhalli mara kyau. Suna kuma tsayayya da tasirin barasa da taba. Gabaɗaya, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa blueberries sune jagora a cikin abun polyphenol.

A hakikanin gaskiya, akwai MG 5 na waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin 100 g na blueberries da 62 MG a 100 g na sorghum! Amma hatsin dawa na da guda daya, amma mai matukar illa - maras nauyi (kusan kashi 50) na narkewar abinci. Wannan ana danganta shi daidai ga karuwar adadin tannins masu tarin yawa (wani rukuni na sinadarin phenolic).

sorghum

Furotin na dawa, kafirin yana sha ba da sauƙin gaske ba. Ga masu kiwo a kasashen da dawa shine babban amfanin gona, kara narkewar hatsin masara babban kalubale ne.

Cutar da contraindications

Doctors ba da shawarar amfani da dawa ba idan kun kasance masu saɓo da wannan samfurin.

Amfani da dawa

Hatsi na dawa ta sami fa'ida ta amfani da shi azaman albarkatun ƙasa don samar da abinci: hatsi, sitaci, da gari, daga waɗancan hatsi, tortillas. Hakanan mutane suna amfani da shi don yin burodi, su cakuɗa shi da garin alkama don inganta danko.

Ana amfani da sitaci da aka ciro daga waɗannan tsirrai a masana'antar ɓoyayyiyar takarda da takarda, ma'adanai da masana'anta, da magunguna. Dangane da abun da ke cikin sitaci, dawa ta zarce ko masara, ta yadda za a iya samun sauƙin shuka ta.

Nau'in sikari na sorghum ya kunshi har zuwa 20% na sikari na halitta (mafi girman nitsuwarsa yana a cikin tushe ne kai tsaye bayan lokacin fure), don haka tsire-tsire ɗanyen abu ne don samar da jams, molasses, giya, kayan zaki daban-daban, da giya.

Aikace-aikacen girki

sorghum

Sorghum has a neutral, slightly sweetish flavor in some cases, so it can be a versatile product for a variety of culinary variations. This product is often a raw material for the production of starch, flour, cereals (couscous), baby food, and alcohol.

Lemongrass ya shahara saboda sabo ƙanshin citrus a cikin Caribbean da abincin Asiya don abincin teku, nama, kifi, da kayan marmari. Suna hada hatsi da tafarnuwa, barkono mai zafi, ginger. Ana ƙara dawa lemo a miya, miya, abin sha. Sorghum na sukari yana yin syrups masu daɗi, molasses, jam, da abubuwan sha kamar giya, alade, kvass, da vodka.

Abin sha'awa, wannan ita ce kawai tsire-tsire wanda ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 20% na sukari. Daga wannan amfanin gona na hatsi, ana samun hatsi masu gina jiki da daɗaɗɗa, da waina, da kayan marmari.

Dawa a fannin kwalliya

Cirewar, da kuma ruwan dawa, suna aiki a cikin kayan shafawa a matsayin wakili mai sabuntawa da danshi. Wannan sinadarin yana da wadataccen hadadden peptides, polyepoxides, da sucrose. Abubuwan da ke cikin mahaɗin polyphenolic (musamman anthocyanins) sun ninka sau 10 fiye da na blueberries. Hakanan yana dauke da amino acid, phenolcarboxylic acid, pentaoxiflavan da kuma bitamin wadanda basu da yawa (PP, A, B1, B2, B5, B6, H, choline) da macroelements (phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, silicon).

Don samar da sakamako na ɗagawa kai tsaye kuma a lokaci guda, ruwan orgauren masarufi yana samar da fim mai sassauƙa, mai fa'ida a saman fata. Bayan wannan, yana daidaita saitunan micro da macro akan fuskar fata, yana barin fata, santsi, da walƙiya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa sakamakon cirewar dawa a fata ya isa sosai: peptides masu rikitarwa suna ba da wannan tasirin a cikin abin da yake ƙunshe.

Cire masar

Cikakken dawa ya taimaka wajan samun kaifin kwane-kwane don ƙarin haske. A lokaci guda, wannan sinadarin kuma yana samar da sakamako mai annashuwa, wanda a haɗe yake ba da bayyananniyar tasirin tasiri koda tare da gajeren amfani. Hakanan ya zama sananne kwanan nan cewa tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire yana iya nuna aikin anti-inflammatory.

Partsasa na sorghum suna da wadataccen sunadarai da wasu abubuwa masu ƙarancin rai. Sabili da haka, sune ƙarin tushen abubuwan haɓaka don kayan shafawa, musamman don samar da kowane peptides (hydrolysates). A cikin wani binciken da suka gudanar, masana kimiyya sunyi maganin su da enzymes na proteolytic wadanda ke rarraba sunadarai zuwa cikin peptides. Ya zama cewa peptide hydrolysates sun dace sosai da fibroblasts fata na ɗan adam da rage enzymes waɗanda ke lalata collagen da elastin.

Alawar dawa da baƙar wake, amaranth da avocado

Sinadaran

sorghum

Cooking

  1. Canja wurin wake da aka wanke zuwa kwano kuma ƙara 200 ml. ruwa na tsawon awanni 4, babu sauran. Kar a zubar da ruwan.
  2. A cikin babban skillet, man zafi da sanya albasa. Saute na mintuna 5, lokaci -lokaci yana motsawa, har sai da taushi, sannan ƙara rabin yankakken tafarnuwa kuma dafa don ƙarin minti 1. Saka wake da ruwa; ruwa ya kamata ya rufe su da 3-4 cm; idan ƙasa - ƙara ƙarin ruwa da tafasa.
  3. Rage wuta sosai, cire duk kumfa da ya bayyana, kara coriander, rufe shi da wuta har tsawon awa 1.
  4. Teaspoara gishiri karamin cokali 2-3 don dandana, ragowar tafarnuwa, da coriander. Yi zafi na wani awa 1, har sai wake ya yi laushi kuma broth ya yi kauri da dandano. Ku ɗanɗana tare da gishiri kuma ƙara yadda ake buƙata.
  5. Yayin da wake ke tafasa, dafa dawa. Kurkura hatsin kuma motsa a cikin tukunyar ruwa tare da kofuna 3 na ruwa. Sanya gishiri a tafasa. Rage wuta, murfin, sai a dafa shi na mintina 50, har sai hatsi sun yi laushi. Fitar da sauran ruwan kuma mayar da hatsin cikin tukunya. Rufe murfin ka ajiye shi na ɗan lokaci.
  6. Lokacin da wake ya shirya, haxa su da ganyen amaranth kuma dafa na mintuna 10, har sai ganye ya yi laushi.
  7. Raba dawa a cikin kwano 6 na hidima, a yayyafa da wake, da amaranth. Ku bauta wa tare da yankakken avocado da coriander. Idan ba ku da isasshen sarari, ƙara ɗan miya ko yankakken koren barkono.
  8. Yayyafa da cuku a saman kiyi hidimar.

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