shiitake

description

An san naman kaza mai ban sha'awa da warkar da shiitake a China sama da shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata. Wannan naman gwari ya shahara sosai, ba kawai a cikin ƙasashen Asiya ba, har ma a cikin duniya, an bayyana kaddarorin amfani na namomin kaza na Shiitake a cikin labarai da ƙasidu da yawa waɗanda aka jera wannan naman a cikin littafin Guinness Book of Records.

Naman kaza shiitake kwatankwacin abubuwan warkarwa, watakila, zuwa ginseng. Naman kaza na Shiitake bashi da wata illa kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman kayan kwalliya mai mahimmanci, tare da magani ga kusan dukkanin cututtuka. Abubuwa masu yawa na fa'idodi masu amfani da naman kaza shiite yana ba da damar amfani da wannan naman kaza a matsayin wakili na kariya wanda ke tsawanta matasa da lafiya.

A cikin sifa da ɗanɗano, naman kaza shiitake suna kama da namomin kaza da yawa, kawai hular tana da launin ruwan kasa. Shiitake namomin kaza sune namomin kaza masu daɗi - suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano kuma suna cin abinci sosai. Shiitake naman kaza abun da ke ciki.

Abun ciki da abun cikin kalori

shiitake

Shiitake ya ƙunshi amino acid 18, bitamin B - musamman yawancin thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. Namomin kaza na Shiitake suna ɗauke da bitamin D. Dabbar naman kaza ta ƙunshi lentinan polysaccharide na musamman, wanda ba shi da analog a cikin shirye -shiryen ganye.

Lentinan yana haɓaka samar da wani enzyme na musamman wanda ake kira perforin, wanda yake lalata ƙwayoyin halittar jiki kuma yana ƙara ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na necrosis da ƙari. Saboda kaddarorinta na musamman, ana amfani da shiitake a matsayin wakili na rigakafi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da haɗarin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan sankara.

  • Sunadaran 6.91 g
  • Kitsen 0.72 g
  • Carbohydrates - 4.97 g
  • Caloric abun ciki 33.25 kcal (139 kJ)

Amfanin shiitake namomin kaza

shiitake

Shiitake namomin kaza yana yaƙi da tasirin tasirin fitilar radiation da chemotherapy, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don rage tasirin maganin kansar cikin marasa lafiya a cikin wannan rukunin.

Abubuwa masu amfani na shiitake namomin kaza.

  1. Babban tasirin kwayar cuta ta fungi yana taimaka wa jikin mutum don tsayayya da ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan oncological da marasa lafiya.
  2. Shiitake namomin kaza suna da karfin garkuwar jiki sosai - yana ƙara rigakafi, kariyar jiki.
  3. Naman kaza na Shiitake yana taimakawa gina shingen rigakafin cuta a cikin jiki, ingantaccen tsaro akan matakan kumburi.
  4. Naman kaza na Shiitake suna yaƙi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a jikin mutum kuma suna ƙarfafa ci gaban microflora na al'ada.
  5. Shiitake namomin kaza yana taimakawa dawo da tsarin jini.
  6. Naman kaza da kansu, da shirye-shirye daga garesu, suna warkar da ulcers da yashwa a ciki da hanji.
  7. Naman kaza na Shiitake cire cholesterol “mara kyau” daga jini, ya daidaita matakan cholesterol, kuma ya hana samuwar alamun cholesterol a bangon hanyoyin jini.
  8. Shiitake namomin kaza ya rage matakin sukari a cikin jinin mutum, yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari.
  9. Shiitake namomin kaza yana daidaita tsarin motsa jiki, inganta tsarin abinci mai gina jiki da numfashin tantanin halitta.
  10. Naman kaza na Shiitake yana taimakawa daidaiton metabolism da motsa jiki da rage nauyi, magance kiba.

Ana amfani da naman kaza na Shiitake na duniya gabaɗaya: ana iya amfani da su kusan kusan kowace cuta, kuma a matsayin magani mai zaman kansa, kuma ƙari ne ga babban maganin magunguna na hukuma.

shiitake

Sakamakon binciken kimiyya da gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar ya ba da mamaki ga tunanin: suna hana cututtukan zuciya da magudanar jini tuni a matakin cutar, kuma ana amfani dasu don magance atherosclerosis da hauhawar jini.

Amfani da gram tara na shiitake foda na wata daya yana rage matakin cholesterol a cikin jinin tsofaffi da kashi 15%, a cikin jinin matasa da 25%.

Shiitake yana da tasiri ga cututtukan gabbai, ciwon sukari mellitus (yana haifar da samar da cholesterol ta majinyacin mara lafiya) Magunguna masu cutar sclerosis da yawa suna amfani dashi, naman kaza shiitake yana taimakawa daidaita al'amuran rigakafi, sauƙaƙa damuwar yau da kullun, da dawo da zaren myelin.

Zinc da ke cikin namomin kaza na shiitake yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan ƙarfi, yana daidaita aikin glandar prostate, kuma yana hana samuwar adenoma da munanan ciwace -ciwacen prostate.

Masana'antu, ko m, noman shiitake

Lokacin noman shiitake tare da yin amfani da maganin zafin rana na zafin a kan bishiyar sawdust ko wasu kayan shuka na ƙasa mai gudana kyauta ya fi ƙasa da lokacin noman ƙasa. Wannan fasaha ana kiranta m, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, 'ya'yan itace suna faruwa shekara-shekara a cikin ɗakunan musamman da aka tanada.

shiitake

Babban mahimmin sinadarai na girma shiitake, wanda ya kasance daga 60 zuwa 90% na jimlar duka, shine itacen oak, maple ko beech sawdust, sauran sauran ƙari ne daban-daban. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da sawdust na alder, Birch, Willow, poplar, aspen, da dai sauransu. Suttu kawai na jinsunan coniferous bai dace ba, tunda suna dauke da resins da abubuwan phenolic wadanda ke hana ci gaban mycelium. Girman kwayar halitta mafi kyau duka itace 2-3 mm.

Leraramin katako ya hana musayar iskar gas ƙarfi a cikin matattarar, wanda ke jinkirta ci gaban naman gwari. Za a iya cakuda Sawdust tare da kwakwalwan itace don ƙirƙirar sako-sako, tsari mai gudana. Koyaya, karuwar abubuwan gina jiki da samuwar iskar oxygen a cikin mayuka suna haifar da yanayi mai kyau ga kwayoyin wadanda suke fafatawa da shiitake.

Gwanayen gasa galibi suna bunkasa da sauri fiye da na shiitake mycelium, saboda haka dole ne a zama bakararre ko shafa shi. A cakuda sanyaya bayan zafi magani ne inoculated (seeded) da iri mycelium. Blocksananan bulolin sun yi girma da mycelium.

shiitake

Mycelium yayi dumi na tsawon watanni 1.5-2.5, sannan kuma an 'yanta shi daga fim din ko cire shi daga akwatin kuma a sauya shi zuwa' ya'yan itace a cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi da ɗumi. An cire girbi daga bulolin buɗe tsakanin watanni 3-6.

Ana ƙara kayan abinci mai gina jiki a cikin substrate don hanzarta haɓaka mycelium da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. A cikin wannan ƙarfin, ana amfani da hatsi da ƙwayar hatsi na hatsi (alkama, sha'ir, shinkafa, gero), gari na kayan amfanin gona, ɓarna samar da giya da sauran tushen sinadarin nitrogen da carbohydrates.

Tare da kayan abinci mai gina jiki, bitamin, ma'adanai, microelements suma suna shiga cikin matattarar, wanda ke motsa ba kawai haɓakar mycelium ba, har ma da itingaitinga. Don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin mafi kyawun acidity da inganta tsarin, ana ƙara abubuwa masu ma'adinai a cikin mataccen: alli (CaCO3) ko gypsum (CaSO4).

Abubuwan haɗin substrates suna haɗu da kyau ta hannu ko ta mahaɗi kamar mai haɗawa mai kankare. Sannan ana kara ruwa, yana kawo danshi zuwa 55-65%.

Shiitake kayan abinci

shiitake

Jafananci sun saka shiitake na farko don ɗanɗano tsakanin sauran naman kaza. Miyar da aka yi daga busasshen shiitake ko daga hoda suna da mahimmanci a Japan. Kuma kodayake Turawa suna da takamaiman dandano, ɗan ɗanɗano na shiitake da farko, galibi ba sa jin daɗi, mutanen da suka saba da shiitake samun dandano mai kyau.

Fresh shiitake yana da ƙanshin naman kaza mai daɗi tare da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ƙanshin radish. Namomin kaza, sun bushe a zazzabi wanda bai wuce 60 ° C ba, suna jin ƙanshi iri ɗaya ko ma mafi kyau.

Za'a iya cin sabon shiitake danye ba tare da tafasa ko wani girki ba. Yayin tafasa ko soya, takamammen, ɗan ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ƙanshin ɗanyen shiitake ya zama mai naman kaza.

Legsafafun naman kaza ba su da ƙarfi sosai da iyawar da ke dandano, kuma sun fi ƙarfin iya bakin ciki sosai.

Haɗarin haɗari na shiitake

shiitake

Cin naman kaza shiitak na iya haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan, don haka mutanen da suka kamu da rashin lafiyar suna buƙatar yin hankali game da wannan samfurin. Hakanan, ana hana naman gwari yayin lactation da ciki saboda yawan abubuwan da ke aiki da ilimin halittu.

A ina ne shiitake naman kaza yake girma?

Shiitake shine naman gwari saprotrophic naman gwari wanda yake girma ne kawai akan bishiyoyi da suka mutu da waɗanda suka faɗi, daga itacen da yake karɓar dukkan abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don haɓaka da ci gaba.

A karkashin yanayin yanayi, shiitake ya tsiro a kudu maso gabashin Asiya (China, Japan, Korea da sauran ƙasashe) a kan kututture da yanke bishiyoyin bishiyun bishiyoyi, musamman castanopsis spiky. A yankin ƙasar Rasha, a cikin Primorsky Territory da kuma Gabas mai Nisa, naman kaza na Shiitake suna girma a itacen Mongolian da Amur linden. Hakanan za'a iya samun su a kan kirji, birch, maple, poplar, liquidambar, hornbeam, ironwood, mulberry (bishiyar mulberry). Namomin kaza suna bayyana a lokacin bazara kuma suna ba da 'ya'ya a cikin rukuni a cikin bazara har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Lentinula mai ci mai saurin girma yayi girma sosai: yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 6-8 daga bayyanar kananun tinan filaye-manya zuwa cikakken balaga.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da Shiitake

  1. Rubutun farko da aka ambaci naman kaza na Jafananci ya fara ne zuwa 199 BC.
  2. Fiye da zurfin bincike 40,000 da shahararrun ayyuka da rubuce rubuce an wallafa su game da lentinula mai cin abinci, yana bayyana kusan dukkanin sirrin naman kaza mai daɗi da lafiya.

Girma shiitake a gida

A halin yanzu, naman kaza ana nome shi a ko'ina cikin duniya akan sikeli na masana'antu. Mene ne mai ban sha'awa: sun koyi yadda ake shuka naman kaza shiitake daidai a tsakiyar karni na ashirin, kuma har sai da aka bresu ta hanyar goge yanke akan rubabben itace tare da jikin 'ya'yan itace.

shiitake

Yanzu lentinula da ake ci tana girma a kan itacen oak, kirji da katako a cikin hasken halitta ko kan bishiyar bishiyar a cikin gida. Namomin kaza da suka girma ta hanyar farko kusan suna riƙe da kaddarorin waɗanda ke girma a daji, kuma an yi imani da cewa itace na ƙara dandano da ƙanshi, duk da haka, don lalata halaye na warkarwa na shiitake. Kirkirar duniya na wadannan namomin kaza da ake ci a farkon karni na XXI ya riga ya kai tan dubu 800 a shekara.

Namomin kaza suna da sauƙin girma a cikin ƙasa ko a gida, ma'ana, a waje da yankin yanki, tunda suna da zaɓi game da yanayin rayuwarsu. Lura da wasu nuances da kwaikwayon mazaunin naman kaza, zaku iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako wajen kiwo a gida. Naman kaza yana ba da 'ya'ya da kyau daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, amma girma shiitake har yanzu aiki ne mai wahala.

Fasaha mai girma akan mashaya ko kututture

Babban abin da ake buƙata don naman kaza shine itace. Da kyau, ya kamata wadannan su zama busassun sanduna ko hemp na itacen oak, kirji ko beech, sawn cikin sanduna 35-50 cm tsayi. Idan kuna niyyar bunkasa shiitake a cikin ƙasa, to ba lallai bane ku ga kututturen. Ya kamata a girbe kayan a gaba, zai fi dacewa a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma a tabbatar an ɗauki katako mai ƙoshin lafiya, ba tare da alamun lalacewa ta ruɓewa ba, gansakuka ko naman gwari.

shiitake

Kafin sanya mycelium, dole ne a tafasa itace na mintina 50-60: irin wannan magudi zai cika shi da danshi da ake buƙata, kuma a lokaci guda ya kashe shi. A kowane shinge, kuna buƙatar yin ramuka tare da diamita kusan 1 santimita da zurfin 5-7 cm, yin raunin 8-10 cm tsakanin su. Shiitake mycelium ya kamata a saka a cikinsu, rufe kowane rami tare da shuka da rigar auduga.

Lokacin dasa shuki, danshi na itacen bai kamata ya wuce 70% ba, amma a lokaci guda kada ya zama ƙasa da 15%. Don hana asarar danshi, zaku iya kunsa sanduna / hemp a cikin jakar filastik.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata: kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin da gonar naman kaza ke: ofan mulkin mallaka na naman kaza na Japan suna son canjin yanayin (daga + 16 a rana zuwa + 10 da dare). Wannan yaduwar zafin jikin yana kara musu girma.

Idan ana son shuka shiitake a waje a cikin ƙasar, zaɓi wurin inuwa, kuma mashaya ko kututturen da ba a yanke ba tare da mycelium yakamata a binne shi kusan 2/3 a cikin ƙasa don hana bushewa.

Girma akan sawdust ko bambaro

Idan ba zai yiwu ba a shuka wannan naman kaza akan itace, girma shiitake akan sha'ir ko ciyawar oat, ko kan bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar (tabbas an cire conifers) zai zama kyakkyawan zaɓi.

shiitake

Kafin shuka, ana sarrafa waɗannan kayan bisa ga ƙa'idar tafasawa na awa ɗaya da rabi zuwa awa biyu, kuma don haɓaka yawan haihuwa ba zai zama mai yawa don ƙara ƙwanƙwasa ko alawar malt ba. Kwantena tare da zafin katako ko bambaro suna cike da mycelium shiitake kuma an rufe su da polyethylene, suna tabbatar da zafin jiki na kusan digiri 18-20. Da zaran an bayyana yadda zazzabin mycelium yake, ya kamata a rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 15-17 a rana sannan zuwa 10-12 da daddare.

Girma shiitake a cikin ciyawa ba hanya ce ta akwati kawai ba. Cika jaka da aka yi da yashi mai yashi ko polyethylene mai kauri tare da turɓayar tururi, bayan sanya layuka biyu ko uku na mycelium tsakanin yadin da ake da shi. Ana yin ramummuka a cikin jaka ta inda namomin kaza zasu tsiro. Idan yawan zafin jiki ya kasance mai dacewa ga naman kaza, tabbas an sami babban yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Leave a Reply