A duk shekara a Amurka ana yin bikin Ranar Sandwich ta Kasa, tare da manufar girmama daya daga cikin shahararrun abinci a nahiyar Amurka. Dole ne in ce a yau wannan biki ya shahara ba kawai a Amurka ba, har ma a yawancin kasashen yammacin duniya, kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne.
Bayan haka, wannan shine, a gaskiya, sanwici - gurasa biyu ko naman alade, a tsakanin abin da aka sanya kowane cika (zai iya zama nama, kifi, tsiran alade, cuku, jam, man gyada, ganye ko duk wani kayan aiki). Af, ana iya kiran sandwich na yau da kullun "bude" sanwici.
Sandwiches a matsayin tasa (ba tare da suna ba) suna da tarihin su tun da daɗewa. An san cewa tun a ƙarni na 1, Bayahude Hillel Babila (wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin malamin Kiristi) ya gabatar da al'adar Ista ta nade cakuda apples apple da goro da aka gauraye da kayan yaji a cikin wani yanki na matzo. Wannan abincin yana wakiltar wahalar Yahudawa. Kuma a tsakiyar zamanai, an yi al'adar ba da stew a kan manyan gutsuttsuran biredi, wanda aka jiƙa a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace a lokacin cin abinci, wanda ya kasance mai gamsarwa da adanawa akan nama. Akwai wasu misalai a cikin wallafe-wallafen, amma wannan tasa ya sami sunansa "sanwici", kamar yadda almara ya ce, a cikin karni na 18.
Ya sami irin wannan suna mai girma a cikin girmamawa (1718-1792), 4th Earl na Sandwich, jami'in diflomasiyya na Ingilishi kuma ɗan ƙasa, Ubangijin Farko na Admiralty. Af, tsibirin Sandwich ta Kudu da James Cook ya gano a balaguron balaguron da ya yi na uku a duniya ana kiran sunan sa.
Bisa ga sigar da aka fi sani, Montague ta “ƙirƙira “sanwici” don cin abinci cikin sauri yayin wasan kati. Ee, kash, komai ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Ƙididdigar ɗan wasan ɗan caca ne kuma yana iya yin kusan kwana ɗaya a teburin caca. Kuma a zahiri, lokacin da yake jin yunwa, sun kawo masa abinci. A cikin irin wannan doguwar wasan ne abokin hamayyar da ya yi rashin nasara ya zargi kidaya da cewa yana da zafi ne ya “yayyafawa” katunan da yatsunsa masu datti. Don kada hakan ya sake faruwa, sai ƙidayar ta umurci bawansa da ya ba da gasasshen naman sa, wanda aka sanya a tsakanin biredi guda biyu. Wannan ya ba shi damar ci gaba da wasan ba tare da katsewa don cin abinci ba, amma kuma ba tare da lalata katunan ba.
Duk wanda ya kasance mai shaida irin wannan shawarar ya ji daɗinsa sosai, kuma nan da nan irin wannan sanwicin asali “kamar Sandwich”, ko “sanwici”, duk ya zama sananne ga ’yan caca na gida. Wannan shi ne yadda aka haifi sunan "sabon tasa", wanda ya canza duniyar dafuwa. Bayan haka, an yi imani cewa wannan shine yadda sauri abinci ya bayyana.
Cikin sauri, wani abinci da ake kira “sandwich” ya bazu ko’ina cikin gidajen abinci na Ingila har ya kai ga mazaunanta, kuma a shekara ta 1840 aka buga wani littafin girke-girke a Amurka, wadda Bature Elizabeth Leslie ta rubuta, inda ta bayyana girke-girke na farko na naman alade da mustard. sanwici. A farkon karni na 20, sandwich ya riga ya mamaye duk Amurka a matsayin abinci mai dacewa kuma mai arha, musamman bayan da masu yin burodi suka fara ba da burodin da aka riga aka yanka don siyarwa, wanda ya sauƙaƙa gina sandwiches. A yau, ana san sandwiches a duk faɗin duniya, har ma Amurkawa sun kafa wani biki na musamman don girmama shi, tun da yake sun kasance kuma har yanzu sune manyan magoya bayan wannan tasa. Kusan babu abincin rana da aka kammala ba tare da sandwiches ba.
A Amurka, akwai sanwici iri-iri da yawa da kuma cafes da gidajen abinci daban-daban da za ku iya ci su. Sanwicin da ya fi shahara - tare da man gyada da jam, da kuma - BLT (naman alade, letas da tumatir), Montecristo (tare da turkey da cuku na Swiss, mai zurfi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi tare da powdered sugar), Dagwood (tsarin tsayi mai tsayi na nau'i mai yawa). na burodi, nama, cuku da salatin), Mufuletta (saitin kyafaffen nama a kan farar bun tare da yankakken zaitun), Ruben (tare da sauerkraut, cuku na Swiss da pastrami) da sauransu da yawa.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, Amurkawa suna cin sandwiches kusan 200 a kowace shekara. Manyan masana'antun sanwici a duniya sune McDonald's, Subway, Burger King gidajen cin abinci. Kashi 75% na wuraren cin abinci, kantunan abinci masu sauri, manyan kantuna da rumfunan titi sun ce sanwici shine mafi siyayyar samfur yayin lokacin cin abinci. Wannan tasa tana matsayi na biyu a cikin kayayyakin (bayan 'ya'yan itace) da ake ci don abincin rana. A kasar nan kusan kowa na sonsa ba tare da la’akari da shekaru da matsayin zamantakewa ba.
Af, hamburgers kuma sune abubuwan da aka samo daga sanwici iri ɗaya. Amma bisa ga Ƙungiyar Abincin Abinci ta Amirka, Sanwicin da ya fi shahara a Amurka shine hamburger - yana cikin menu na kusan kowane gidan cin abinci na kasar, kuma 15% na Amirkawa suna cin hamburger don abincin rana.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin duniya akwai sandwiches masu daɗi da gishiri, yaji da ƙarancin kalori. A Amurka kawai, jihohi daban-daban suna da nasu girke-girke na sanwici na musamman. Don haka, a Alabama, ana sanya naman kaji tare da miya na farin barbecue na musamman a tsakanin gurasa, a Alaska - salmon, a California - avocado, tumatir, kaza da letas, a Hawaii - kaza da abarba, a Boston - soyayyen clams, a cikin Milwaukee - tsiran alade da sauerkraut, a New York - naman sa mai kyafaffen ko naman sa masara, a Chicago - naman sa na Italiya, a Philadelphia - naman nama an rufe shi da cheddar mai narkewa, kuma a Miami suna yayyafa kansu a kan sandwiches na Cuban tare da soyayyen naman alade, yankan naman alade, Swiss cuku da pickles.
A cikin Illinois, suna yin sanwici na musamman da aka yi daga gurasar gasasshen, kowane irin nama, miya na cuku na musamman da soya. Massachusetts yana da sanannen sanwici mai daɗi: man shanu na goro da narkekken marshmallows suna kewaye a tsakanin yanka biyu na farin gurasa, yayin da a Mississippi, mustard, albasa, kunun naman alade da aka soya ana sanya su a saman wani busassun gasasshen, kuma ana zuba miya mai zafi. saman. Jihar Montana an san shi da sanwicin gida na blueberry, kuma West Virginia ta fi son sandwiches tare da man gyada da apples na gida.
Amma duk da haka, alal misali, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kantunan London kwanan nan ya bai wa abokan cinikinsa sanwici mai tsada da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba akan £ 85. Cikin ya ƙunshi yankan naman sa mai laushi na Wagyu, guda na foie gras, elite cheese de meaux, truffle oil mayonnaise, tare da ceri tumatir tumatir. barkono, barkono barkono da arugula. Duk waɗannan gine-ginen gine-gine sun zo cikin fakitin alama.
Kasancewa wani ɓangare na al'adun dafa abinci na ƙasa a Amurka da Burtaniya, a yau sandwiches suna shahara a wasu ƙasashe na duniya. Wadannan sandwiches da aka rufe sun isa Rasha da sauran ƙasashen Soviet bayan Soviet ne kawai a farkon shekarun 1990, yayin da sarƙoƙin abinci masu sauri suka haɓaka, waɗanda ke samar da mafi yawan sandwiches.
Biki da kansa - Ranar Sandwich - ana yin bikin ne a Amurka musamman ta wuraren shaguna da gidajen cin abinci, inda ake gudanar da gasa iri-iri, duka a tsakanin masu dafa abinci don sandwich mafi dadi ko na asali, da kuma tsakanin baƙi - a al'ada a wannan rana, gastronomic gasa a cikin cin abinci mai sauri. ana gudanar da sandwiches.
Hakanan zaka iya shiga cikin wannan biki mai daɗi ta hanyar yin sanwici na ainihin girke-girke na kanku, dangin ku da abokai. Lalle ne, a gaskiya ma, wani nama na yau da kullum (cuku, kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itatuwa), wanda aka sanya a tsakanin nau'i biyu na gurasa, zai iya rigaya da'awar babban taken "sandi".