Melanoleuca verrucipes (Melanoleuca verrucipes) hoto da bayanin

Melanoleuca warty-legged (Melanoleuca verrucipes)

• Mastoleucomyces verrucipes (Fr.) Kuntze
• Melanoleuca verrucipes f. yarda (P.Karst.) Fontenla & Para
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. juzu'i Raitelh.
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. za ku sami guzuri
• Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr.) Bres.

Take na yanzu: Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fr.) Mawaki

tarihin taxonomic

An kwatanta wannan "Warty Cavalier" a cikin 1874 ta masanin ilimin likitancin Sweden Elias Magnus Fries, wanda ya ba shi suna Agaricus verrucipes. Sunan kimiyya da ake karɓa a halin yanzu, Melanoleuca verrucipes, ya samo asali ne daga littafin Rolf Singer a cikin 1939.

etymology

Sunan halittar Melanoleuca ya fito ne daga tsoffin kalmomin melas ma'ana baki da leukos ma'ana fari. Babu Warty Cavalier da gaske baƙar fata da fari, amma da yawa suna da iyakoki waɗanda ke da inuwar launin ruwan kasa iri-iri a saman da faranti masu farar fata a ƙasa.

Ƙaƙwalwar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kalmomi a zahiri yana nufin "tare da ƙafar ƙafa" - "tare da ƙafar warty, ƙafa", kuma kalmar "ƙafa", ba shakka, tana nufin "ƙafa", idan yazo ga naman gwari.

Yawancin lokaci ma'anar Melanoleuca ga nau'in shine mafarki mai ban tsoro. Melanoleuca verrucipes wani ban sha'awa ne mai ban sha'awa, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan jinsunan melaneuca waɗanda za a iya gano su ta hanyar macro-features ba tare da zurfafawa cikin daji na microscopy ba.

Itacen melanoleuca verrucous peduncle ya bambanta da takwarorinsa ta hanyar haske, kusan farar ciyawar an rufe shi da ƙanana, amma sanannen duhu launin ruwan kasa ko ma sikelin baƙi, kama da scabs ko warts.

shugaban: 3-7 cm a diamita (wani lokacin har zuwa 10 cm), daga fari zuwa cream tare da kodadde launin ruwan kasa cibiyar, da hula ne na farko convex sa'an nan kuma flattens, kusan ko da yaushe tare da karamin low tubercle, a cikin manya namomin kaza a fili convex ko kusan lebur. , bushe, m, santsi, wani lokacin finely scaly. Launi yana da fari, fari, sau da yawa tare da yankin duhu a tsakiya. Naman hula sirara ne, fari zuwa kodadde kirim sosai.

faranti: mai yawa, mai yawa, tare da faranti masu yawa. Launi na faranti fari ne, kodadde kirim, zama launin ruwan kasa tare da shekaru.

kafa: tsawon 4-5 cm da kauri 0,5-1 cm (akwai samfurori tare da karami har zuwa 6 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 2 cm lokacin farin ciki). Flat tare da ɗan kumbura tushe. Bushe, fari a ƙarƙashin duhu launin ruwan kasa zuwa kusan baki scabs. Babu zobe ko yankin annular. Nama a cikin kafa yana da wuya, fibrous.

ɓangaren litattafan almara: fari, fari, mai tsami a cikin samfurori masu girma, baya canza launi lokacin lalacewa.

wari: ɗan naman kaza, ɗan anise ko ƙanshin almond mai yiwuwa. Suna rubuta game da inuwar wari, bisa ga tushe daban-daban: almonds mai ɗaci, cuku ɓawon burodi, kazalika da gari, 'ya'yan itace. Ko: m, aniseed, wani lokacin peary, na iya zama mara dadi a cikin manyan samfurori.

Ku ɗanɗani: taushi, ba tare da fasali ba.

spore foda: fari zuwa kodadde kirim.

Halayen ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa:

Spores 7-10 x 3-4,5 µm tsayin ellipsoid, tare da amyloid warts kasa da 0,5 µm tsayi.

Basidia 4-spore.

Ba a sami Cheilocystidia ba.

Pleurocystidia 50-65 x 5-7,5 µm, fusiform tare da kunkuntar koli mai kaifi da septum ɗaya, mai bakin ciki, hyaline a cikin KOH, koli wani lokaci an lulluɓe shi da lu'ulu'u.

A farantin tram ne m.

Pileipellis shine cutis na abubuwa 2,5-7,5 µm fadi, septate, hyaline a KOH, santsi; Kwayoyin tasha galibi suna tsaye, cylindrical, tare da zagayen apices.

Ba a sami haɗin manne ba.

Saprophyte, yana tsiro ne guda ɗaya ko cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a cikin ƙasa ko guntun itace, a cikin ƙasa mai arzikin humus da ciyayi mai wadatar ganye da ciyawar ciyawa, guntun itace ko takin lambu.

Melanoleuca verruciforma yana faruwa daga bazara zuwa kaka, kololuwar 'ya'yan itace a ƙarshen lokacin rani da kaka.

Samu ko'ina, ba kasafai ba.

A arewaci da tsaunuka na Turai, yana faruwa a yanayi a wurare masu ciyawa, amma a wasu sassa na Turai ana samun su sau da yawa a wurare masu faɗi - wuraren shakatawa, lawns, murabba'ai. A Arewacin Amurka, yana faruwa a cikin Pacific Arewa maso yamma da Arewa maso Gabas da Tsakiyar Atlantic, akan itacen itace da sauran wuraren da aka shimfida, ko a cikin ramukan ciyawa da gefen titina.

Akwai yuwuwar rarraba wannan nau'in a duk duniya ya faɗaɗa sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda canjawarsa zuwa shuke-shuken tukwane da ake fitarwa, da takin tukwane, da ciyawar lambun itace.

Yawancin namomin kaza daga nau'in Melanoleuca suna dauke da abinci, amma dandano, gaskiya, haka-haka. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin jagororin Turai suka jera su a matsayin "marasa abinci", tare da bayanin kula a cikin salon "tunda irin waɗannan nau'ikan namomin kaza suna da wuyar ganewa, muna ba da shawarar cewa a ɗauke su duka a matsayin masu tuhuma, kuma ba a tattara su don abinci ba."

Duk da haka, ba a iya samun bayanai game da guba na Melanoleuca warty-legged ba. Za mu sanya wannan nau'in a cikin "Inedible", kuma ba saboda reinsurance ba, amma saboda rarity na Melanoleuca verrucipes a cikin ƙasa na tsohon USSR. Kada ku ci shi, zai fi kyau a ɗauki hotuna masu kyau kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Melanoleuca baki da fari (Melanoleuca melaleuca)

Macroscopically yana iya zama kamanceceniya, amma ba shi da siffa mai duhu mai launin ruwan kasa akan kara.

• Agaricus ya amince P.Karst
• Agaricus asalin sunan farko (Fr.) Fr.
• Armillaria verrucipes Fr
• Na yarda da Clitocybes P. Karst.
• Clitocybe yana da yawa P.Karst
• Clitocybe verrucipes (Fr.) Maire
• Gyrophila verrucipes (Eng.) Menene.

Hoto: Vyacheslav.