Leptospirosis

Janar bayanin cutar

Yana da m kamuwa da cuta lalacewa ta hanyar pathogenic kwayoyin. leptospira… Suna da juriya da sanyi ko da daskarewa. Duk da haka, ƙwayoyin cuta suna da matukar damuwa ga yanayin zafi, hasken rana, acid da mahadi na chlorine.^[3]

Wannan cuta ta zama ruwan dare a ko'ina cikin duniya, sai dai na Arctic. Amma sau da yawa leptospirosis yana faruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi. A kasar mu, kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a duk yankuna, yayin da ake ci gaba da ci gaba da karuwa a cikin abin da ya faru.

Iri-iri na bayyanar cututtuka na leptospirosis yana dagula ganewar cutar a kan lokaci, wanda ke haifar da jinkirin asibiti kuma sau da yawa mutuwa.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da leptospirosis

Hanyar yada cutar ita ce lamba ta musamman. Hakanan, mai cutar ba ya haifar da haɗari kuma ba shine tushen kamuwa da cuta ba, tunda ba ya fitar da leptospira a cikin yanayi.

Leptospira yana yaduwa ta dabbobi: shanu, aladu, bushiya, karnuka, beraye, berayen ruwa da sauransu. Dabbobi kuma suna kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar abinci da ruwa. Cutar da aka gabatar sau da yawa na ƙwararru ce. Wakilan sana'o'i masu zuwa sun fi kamuwa da leptospirosis:

1. 1 shanu;
2. 2 ma'aikatan gidan yanka;
3. 3 masu shayarwa;
4. 4 likitocin dabbobi;
5. 5 makiyaya;
6. 6 masu aikin famfo;
7. 7 masu hakar ma'adinai.

Cutar ita ce yanayi kuma tana girma a cikin watan Agusta.

Ƙofar kamuwa da cuta ita ce fata. A ɗan lalacewar fata, ƙaramin leptospira zai iya shiga wurin. Kamuwa da cuta kuma na iya shiga cikin jiki ta cikin mucosa idan aka hadu da ruwa wanda ya gurbata da sirrin dabba. Leptospira yana shiga cikin jini kuma ya bazu cikin sauri cikin jiki, sannan ya ninka cikin gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda.

Akwai irin waɗannan hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta tare da leptospirosis:

• m – wajen samar da ciyawa da amfanin gona. samfurori;
• na abinci – lokacin shan gurbataccen ruwa da abinci;
• lamba – lokacin da dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta suka cije su da kuma lokacin iyo a cikin ruwa.

Kwayar cututtukan leptospirosis

Kamuwa da cuta yawanci asymptomatic ne. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 7-10 akan matsakaici. Cutar ta fara a cikin wani m nau'i. Mai haƙuri yana damuwa game da zazzabi, ƙishirwa mai tsanani, ciwon kai, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa digiri 40, sclera ya zama mai kumburi, amma ba tare da alamun conjunctivitis ba.

Halayen bayyanar cututtuka na leptospirosis sun hada da ciwo a cikin cinya da tsokoki na maraƙi, da kuma jin zafi a yankin lumbar, a wurare guda fata kuma yana ciwo. Wani lokaci ciwon zai iya zama mai tsanani wanda mai haƙuri ba zai iya motsawa ba.

Babban zafin jiki na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 10. Tare da mummunan yanayin cutar, launin rawaya na fata da rashes akan gangar jikin da gabobin na iya tasowa. Bayyanar kumburin herpetic a kan lebe da fuka-fuki na hanci, haɓakar ƙwayoyin lymph yana yiwuwa. Ana bayyana cutar cututtukan zuciya ta hanyar bradycardia da hypotension.

A ranar 4-6th bayan kamuwa da cuta, mai haƙuri yana da karuwa a cikin hanta da hanta, palpation na hanta yana haifar da jin zafi. Mai yuwuwar zubar jini a cikin sclera na idanu yana yiwuwa. Tare da leptospirosis, bayyanar cututtuka na gaba ɗaya an bayyana a fili, kamar: rauni, saurin gajiya, gajiya, saurin numfashi.

Matsalolin leptospirosis

Leptospirosis yana da haɗari don rikitarwa. Maganin da ba daidai ba ko kuskure na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma wani lokacin maras musanya:

1. Kodan 1 na iya shafar, har zuwa ci gaban gazawar koda, wanda zai iya zama m;
2. 2 idan akwai lalacewa ga tsarin jin tsoro, polyneuritis, encephalitis ko meningitis na iya tasowa, har zuwa edema na cerebral;
3. 3 lalacewar zuciya zai iya haifar da leptospirotic myocarditis;
4. 4 wannan kamuwa da cuta yana rushe zubar jini, sabili da haka, zubar da jini a cikin sclera na ido da kuma a cikin glandon adrenal yana yiwuwa;
5. 5 tare da lalacewa ga sashin jiki na sama, ciwon huhu yana tasowa;
6. Yara 6 na iya haifar da ciwo na Kawasaki, wanda ya hada da bayyanar cututtuka irin su ja da kumburi na tafin hannu da dabino, myocarditis, dropsy na gallbladder;
7. 7 tare da lalacewar ido, iritis sau da yawa yana tasowa - kumburi na iris na ido, uveitis, iridocyclitis;
8. 8 yuwuwar ci gaban gazawar hanta azaman ciwon hanta.

Rigakafin cutar leptospirosis

Mafi kyawun matakan rigakafin da aka yi niyya don hana leptospirosis ana ɗaukar su azaman rigakafin dabbobin gida da mutanen da sana'arsu ke da alaƙa da aiki da dabbobin gona. dabbobi. Yana kuma bi:

• kada ku yi iyo a cikin gawawwakin ruwa maras kyau;
• lokacin aiki a gonar da lambun, ya kamata a sa safar hannu da takalma na roba;
• tafasa madara kafin sha;
• ware dabbobin da ba su da lafiya, kuma su sa tufafin kariya yayin kula da su;
• kar a manta game da kulawar dabbobi;
• kare abinci daga rodents;
• thermally sarrafa kayayyakin dabba;
• ƙin amfani da ruwa daga buɗaɗɗen tafki;
• sarrafa kananan rodents a cikin gidaje, kantin kayan miya da ɗakunan ajiya;
• gudanar da aikin tsafta da ilimi.

Jiyya na leptospirosis a cikin magani na hukuma

Maganin kai don leptospirosis ba shi da karbuwa. Tun da farko mai haƙuri ya nemi likita, mafi mahimmancin maganin zai kasance, mafi kyawun nasarar magani za a iya samu a cikin kwanaki 4 na farko bayan kamuwa da cuta. Bayan an tabbatar da ganewar asali, asibiti a cikin sashen cututtukan cututtuka ya zama dole.

A farkon farawa, ana ba da shawarar maganin rigakafi, wanda aka haɗa tare da corticosteroids, kuma maganin bitamin ma wajibi ne. Bugu da ƙari, gabatarwar antileptospiral immunoglobulin wajibi ne, kuma mai ba da gudummawar immunoglobulin ya fi na doki tasiri.

A cikin nau'i mai tsanani na cutar tare da rikitarwa, ana nuna magungunan pathogenetic, ana amfani da enterosorbents sosai.

Bayan murmurewa, mai haƙuri wanda ya murmure har tsawon watanni 6 yana ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararrun cututtukan cututtuka, likitan nephrologist, neuropathologist da likitan ido. Sau ɗaya a wata, ana yin gwaje-gwajen sarrafa fitsari da jini kuma, idan an gano ragowar tasirin, an ba da shawarar maganin da ya dace.

Hankali!

Gwamnati ba ta da alhakin kowane yunƙuri na amfani da bayanin da aka bayar, kuma ba ta da tabbacin cewa ba zai cutar da kai da kanka ba. Ba za a iya amfani da kayan don wajabta magani da yin ganewar asali ba. Koyaushe tuntuɓi likitan ku!