Contents
Tsarin irga mai ban mamaki shine shrub ko ƙananan itace. Sunan tsirrai na irga shine Amelanchier. Kanada shine asalin mahaifar shuka; a cikin karni na 16, mutane sun koya game da shi a Turai. Shuka tana girma a yankuna da yawa, gami da Afirka, Amurka, Crimea, Caucasus, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kuna iya ganin berga berga a cikin gandun daji, daji, da cikin duwatsu. Mutane sunyi imanin cewa tsuntsayen masu ƙaura, waɗanda suka ɗauki tsaba, sun ba da gudummawa ga irin wannan yaduwar irga.
'Ya'yan itacen berry suna da daɗi, tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, a waje da ɗan kama da currants. Zai fi kyau a tara su kawai lokacin da suka manyanta, saboda haka sun fi amfani sosai. Irga yana ƙosar da yunwa sosai kuma yana ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki. Ba wai kawai 'ya'yan itace masu amfani bane, har ma ganye, tsaba, haushi.
Sunan irga ya bambanta tsakanin mutane daban -daban. A Rasha sunaye irin su tekun teku, ruwan inabi ya shahara, Italiyanci na kiranta da kayan marmari na Willow, Jamusawa suna kiranta da pear dutse. Mutanen Kanada sun ba wa shuka sunan medlar Kanada.
Sha'ani mai ban sha'awa
- wasu nau'ikan suna girma har zuwa mita 18;
- idan kun ci kilogram na 'ya'yan itace a lokaci guda, kuna iya yin barci;
- busassun 'ya'yan itace ana adana su har zuwa shekaru 2;
- irga shine ɗayan kyawawan shuke-shuke na ado;
- a cewar masana kimiyya, sunan kimiyya "Amelanchier" yana da asalin Celtic, kuma sunan "irga" Mongolian ne kuma ana fassara shi "tsire mai katako mai tsananin gaske."
- fruitsa ofan shuka daga mahallin tsirrai ba 'ya'yan itace bane kwata-kwata, amma ƙarami ya shafi;
- a Kanada, irga tana girma musamman don shan giya.
Iri da iri na irga berry
Akwai kusan nau'in irga 25, kuma waɗannan masu zuwa sune mafi shahara:
- Zagaye-zaki, shrub mai ganye mai tsayi, yayi girma har zuwa 2.5 m. Yana furewa a watan Mayu tare da furanni farare. A watan Yuli, yana ba da fruita fruita tare da berriesa berriesan shuɗi-shuɗi mai shuɗi tare da furannin farin launi;
- talakawa, daji har zuwa mita 3 a tsayi, tare da babban kambi da siraran rassa. Furannin suna da ruwan hoda, 'ya'yan itacen kanana ne, shuɗi mai duhu, tare da farin fari;
- Kanada, yayi fure sosai, tare da fararen inflorescences. Yayi girma har zuwa mita 6, yana ba da manyan shuɗi-baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi tare da fure;
- spicate yayi girma har zuwa mita 6, yana fure a watan Mayu a cikin hoda mai haske ko furanni farare da fitattun pistils. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da' ya'yan itace na launin ruwan hoda mai duhu tare da furannin shuɗi;
- jan jini ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tare da kambi mai hawa. Girma zuwa mita 3. 'Ya'yan itace suna ƙananan, kusan baƙi;
- alder-leaved, wani shrub tare da akwati da yawa girma zuwa mita 4 a tsawo. Fure mai fari, matsakaiciya-sized berries, purple;
- Lamarca tana da kyakkyawan launi na ganye a lokacin kaka, wanda ke mallakar duhu mai duhu ko launin shuɗi. A berries ne duhu purple a launi, mai dadi da kuma m, ripen a watan Agusta. Shuka na iya kaiwa mita 18 a tsayi, amma a yanayin Kanada, ba ya girma sama da mita 5;
- ballerina yana ba da kwasfa na launi mai duhu ja, wanda a hankali ke samun baƙar fata. Ya girma har zuwa mita 6 kuma yana da ganye masu launin tagulla, wanda a hankali yake samun koren ɗanɗano.
Siffofin mai amfani
Irga yana da wadataccen abubuwa masu amfani da bitamin. 100 grams na berries sun ƙunshi 40 g na ascorbic acid. 'Ya'yan itace suna dauke da pectin, flavonols, sugar, acid acid, phytosterols, da fiber. Haushi da ganye suna da wadataccen stearic da tannins. Ga jikin mutum, irga yana da daraja mai yawa saboda yawan kaddarorinsa:
- anti-kumburi
- mai kashe kwayar cuta
- tonic
- ƙarfafa
- zuciya
- astringent
- rauni waraka
- hypotensive
Tare da amfani da 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullun, ana rage karfin jini, ganuwar jijiyoyin jini sun zama na roba da karfi. Irga yana da kyakkyawan sakamako akan aikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
Hakanan Irga yana da amfani azaman matakin kariya akan:
- jijiyoyin varicose
- infarction na zuciya
- atherosclerosis
- avitaminosis
- gyambon ciki
- thrombosis
- ciwan kansa
- rashin barci
- rikicewar hanji
- ciwon makogwaro
- zawo
Abubuwa masu amfani na irga berry
Samfurori waɗanda ke ƙunshe da Berry suna taimakawa warkar da raunuka. Irga is antioxidant ne mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya tsarkake jikin radionuclides da gubobi. Tare da yawan amfani da 'ya'yan itace a cikin abinci, cholesterol yana raguwa, ci abinci, kuma aikin narkewa yana inganta. Riboflavin da ke cikin irga yana inganta hangen nesa da kuzari.
Yana da fa'ida, a cewar likitoci, ga tsofaffi su yi amfani da irga. Vitamin P yana kare jiki daga cututtuka da dama irin na tsufa, yana farawa daga shekaru 60.
Don asarar nauyi, berries ma suna da tasiri sosai. Caloric abun ciki ne kawai 45 kcal da 100 g. Suna gamsar da yunwa da kyau, kuma sun gauraya da ruwan currant na irga, idan kun yi amfani da shi daidai, yana ba ku damar kawar da kilo 4 a cikin mako guda.
contraindications
Kamar kowane samfurin kayan lambu, irga yana da wasu contraindications. Ya kamata ku yi amfani da shi lokacin samun:
- halin son hawan jini
- saukin kamuwa da cutar jiki
- rashin haƙuri na mutum
Irga - girke-girke
Irga yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi a dafa abinci saboda ɗanɗano da zaƙi. Mutane suna yin jams daban -daban daga berries, kuma marshmallows, marmalade, da juices. Berry puree ya shahara don amfani dashi don yin burodi. Berries da syrup suna tafiya sosai tare da ice cream, suna da kyau don shirya miya don jita -jita. Liqueurs da giya daga berries, waɗanda ke da yaji da dandano na musamman, sun shahara sosai.
Kayan shafawa da shayi
A cikin magungunan mutane, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa, furanni, ganye, da haushi na' ya'yan itacen irga. Mutane suna shirya shayi da kayan kwalliya, waɗanda ke taimakawa mayar da matakin abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin jiki, ƙarfafa rigakafi da lafiya.
Yana da mashahuri don yin tincture na fure bisa vodka. Idan kuna da rashin haƙuri ga wannan abin sha, zaku iya amfani da ruwa mai tsabta. Don tsaba 3 na busasshen furanni, zaku buƙaci kofuna 2 na ruwa. Yakamata furanni su dage akan vodka na tsawon kwanaki 3 sannan a tace. Idan kun shirya tincture akan ruwa, kunsa akwati, dafa, da tace. Ya kamata ku sha 1 tablespoon minti 20 kafin cin abinci, sau 3 a rana.
Ruwan Berry yana da kyau a sha sabo, ko zaka iya tsarma shi da ruwa ko yin gwangwani. Cooking yana da sauki sosai:
- busassun busassun 'ya'yan itacen irga da mashed da pestle;
- matse ruwan daga cikin puree ta amfani da juicer ko da hannu ta amfani da gauze;
- tsarma tare da currant ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace ceri, sanya wuta, da zafi ba tare da tafasa ba. Mirgine ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin kwalba mai zafi.
Sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace kafin cin abinci, 50-100 ml. Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace mafi tsami an tsarma shi saboda tsananin zaƙin irga.
Karin girke-girke daga irga berry
An sami kyakkyawan jiko na 'ya'yan itacen irga, tare da kyawawan shuɗi mai duhu. An shirya shi tare da vodka bisa ga girke-girke:
- sara 'ya'yan itacen a cikin dankali mai daskarewa tare da pestle, cika gilashin gilashi zuwa ¾ kuma cika da vodka don 4 cm ya kasance daga wuyansa;
- bar don ba da ruwa na kwanaki 3 a cikin wuri mai sanyi da duhu;
- tace tincture sosai, cire sauran 'ya'yan itacen.
Kiyaye abin sha a cikin sanyi, kuma ka sha sau uku a rana kafin cin abinci, babban cokali 1 kowanne.
Mutane suna shirya shayi daga ganyen sabo da bushewa ta hanyar zuba musu tafasasshen ruwa. Nace na mintuna 20 sannan a sha tare da cokali cike da zuma. Tea daga furannin irga shima yayi kyau. Yana da kyau a sha wannan shayi da yamma. Yana kwantar da hankali kuma yana inganta barcin lafiya.
Daraktan haushi yana da kyau don amfani na waje da na ciki. Matattarar kayan kwalliya suna taimakawa warkar da raunuka da ƙonewa. Kuna iya yin shi da kanka:
- ta amfani da injin kofi, niƙa haushi;
- zuba cokali 2 tare da kofuna 2 na ruwan zãfi;
- dafa kan karamin wuta na mintina 20, sanyi, da damuwa;
- zuba a cikin ruwan dafaffen ruwan sanyi.
Zai taimaka idan kun sha romo sau 3-5 a rana don rabin gilashi. Don amfanin waje, kar a tsarma romon da ruwa.
Storage
'Ya'yan itacen suna riƙe da kaddarorinsu masu amfani kuma suna ɗanɗana na dogon lokaci don ku iya ajiye irga don hunturu. Ana buƙatar adana 'ya'yan itacen irga a cikin zafin jiki na daki har tsawon kwanaki 3.
Ya kamata a yi bushe irga a cikin ɗaki mai dumi tare da samun iska mai kyau. Ya kamata a shimfida 'ya'yan itacen a kan layin wutar lantarki. Bayan haka, zaku iya amfani da busassun bushewa na musamman ko murhu, kuna motsa berry akai-akai. Yawan zafin jiki bai wuce digiri 60 ba.
Bayan daskarewa, daskararrun 'ya'yan itace sunfi dadi kuma basa rasa surar su. Irga ta daskare ba tare da ƙara syrup da sukari ba. Yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe 'ya'yan itacen a hankali, a wanke a shanya akan tawul. 'Ya'yan itacen berries sun warwatse a cikin Layer ɗaya akan tiren burodi ko kwandon kwali, an saka shi a cikin injin daskarewa. A sakamakon haka, zaku iya adana 'ya'yan itacen daskararre a cikin jakunkunan da aka ɗaure.
Yadda ake dasa shukokin Berga
Irga tsire ne mara ma'ana wanda zai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 40-50 a ƙasa da sifili. A lokacin fure, shuka zai iya jure tsananin sanyi na bazara zuwa -7 digiri. A wasu lokuta yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70 kuma ana ɗaukar shi daidai da dogon hanta. A cikin shekaru, shrub ya juya ya zama itace.
Ana iya dasa Irga ko'ina, kuma yana girma da kyau a rana da inuwa, baya jin tsoron fari da iska. Shuka ta yi jijiya a cikin kowace ƙasa, ban da wuraren marshy. Amfanin gona da lafiyar irga sun dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana yin saukowa a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
- share wurin ciyawa da tonowa;
- tono rami, hada ƙasa daga gare ta da takin da yashi a cikin rabo 3: 1: 1;
- ƙara humus, phosphate, da takin potassium zuwa kasan ramin;
- yayyafa tsire-tsire tare da cakuda ƙasa, yashi, da takin gargajiya, ku kwarara ruwa sosai;
- lokacin da danshi ke cikewa gaba daya, kara duniya da daidaita ramin zuwa saman. Ciyawa ƙasar a saman;
- datsa kanwa don kada ya wuce kumburi 4 akan kowane harbi.
Seedlings don dasa shuki ya zama shekaru 1-2. Idan kun dasa dazuzzuka da yawa, an fi so a yi shi a cikin tsarin abin dubawa; Nisa tsakanin tsirrai ya zama aƙalla mita 1.5.
Abin da tukwici
Shrub ɗin ba shi da ma'ana kuma baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma tabbas ya cancanci ɓoye ɗan lokaci akan irga. Shuka zai gode maka don girbi mai kyau da girma cikin ƙoshin lafiya.
Wajibi ne a:
- Ruwa irga a kai a kai, amma cikin adadi mai ma'ana. Tushen tsarin irga ya bunkasa sosai. Saboda haka, ya kamata ku ba da kulawa ta musamman ga shayarwa a cikin fari;
- ruwa tare da mai fesawa, a lokaci guda, tsabtace ganye daga ƙura;
- datsa kamar yadda ake buƙata don roƙon gani;
- yi weeds
Bayan shekaru 5 na rayuwa, takin shuka, sau ɗaya a shekara yana tono da'irar akwatin da takin mai magani.
Cakuda cakuda
- humus guga
- 200 g na takin mai magani ba tare da chlorine ba
- 300 g na superphosphate
Yana da amfani don ciyar da shuka tare da kayan halitta na ruwa a cikin bazara kuma har zuwa tsakiyar bazara-takin kaji mai dacewa, wanda aka diluted cikin ruwa a cikin rabo daga 1 zuwa 10. bushaya daji yana buƙatar lita 5 na irin wannan maganin.
Zai taimaka idan kun ciyar da daji da takin mai magani da yamma, bayan kun shayar da shukar da farko. Bayan hadi na bushewa tare da digging, dole ne ku shayar daji.
Ga bidiyo akan yadda za'a debo mafi kyawun irga berries:
