Hypothyroidism
Thehypothyroidism shine sakamakon samar dahormones rashin isasshen ta gland thyroid, wannan gaɓa mai siffar malam buɗe ido dake gindin wuya, ƙarƙashin tuffar Adamu. Mutanen da wannan matsalar ta fi shafa su ne mata bayan shekaru 50.
Tasirin gland thyroid akan jiki yana da girma: aikinsa shine daidaita tsarin metabolism na sel na jikin mu. Yana sarrafa kashe kuzari, nauyi, bugun zuciya, kuzarin tsoka, yanayi, maida hankali, zafin jiki, narkewa, da sauransu. Don haka yana ƙayyade ƙarfin kuzarin da ke sa ƙwayoyinmu da gabobinmu suyi aiki. A cikin mutanen da hypothyroidism, wannan makamashi yana aiki a cikin jinkirin motsi.
A hutawa, jiki yana cinye makamashi don kiyaye muhimman ayyukansa: zagayawa na jini, aikin kwakwalwa, numfashi, narkewa, kula da zafin jiki. Wannan ake kira da asali metabolism, wanda wani sashi ke sarrafawa ta hanyar hormones thyroid. Adadin makamashin da aka kashe ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum ya danganta da girman, nauyi, shekaru, jinsi, da ayyukan glandar thyroid. |
A Kanada, kusan kashi 1% na manya suna dahypothyroidism, da mata kasancewa sau 2 zuwa 8 yafi shafa fiye da maza. Yaɗuwar cutar yana ƙaruwa da shekaru, yana kaiwa fiye da 10% bayan shekaru 6014. A Faransa, 3,3% na mata da 1,9% na maza suna fama da hypothyroidism (source: HAS: taƙaitaccen shawarwarin sana'a 2007).
Haihuwa ko jariri hypothyroidism
A cikin kimanin 1 cikin 4 jarirai, hypothyroidism yana samuwa tun daga haihuwa saboda rashin daidaituwa ko rashin aiki na glandar thyroid. Idan ba a kula ba, dahypothyroidism na cikin gari yana da mummunan sakamako akan ci gaban jiki da tunani na yaro. Abin farin ciki, a Faransa, Kanada da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, ana gano wannan cuta a cikin tsari a cikin dukan jarirai, godiya ga gwajin jini da aka yi a tsakiyar shekarun 1970 da masu bincike na Kanada suka yi. Wannan binciken yana ba da damar fara magani daga farkon kwanakin rayuwa don hana sakamakon cutar.1.
Thyroid hormones karkashin iko Manyan guda 2 hormones boye ta thyroid T3 (triiodothyronine) da T4 (tetra-iodothyronine ko thyroxine). Dukansu sun fahimci kalmar "iodine" saboda aidin yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suke da shi, mai mahimmanci don samar da su. Yawan adadin hormones da aka samar yana ƙarƙashin ikon wasu gland, wanda ke cikin kwakwalwa: hypothalamus da glandan pituitary. Hypothalamus yana ba da umarni ga glandan pituitary don samar da hormone TSH (don thyroid stimulating hormone). Hakanan, hormone TSH yana motsa thyroid don samar da hormones na thyroid, ciki har da T3 da T4. Za a iya gano ƙwayar thyroid da ba ta da aiki ko ta wuce gona da iri ta gwajin jini don auna matakin TSH a cikin jini. A cikin hypothyroidism, matakin TSH yana da girma saboda glandon pituitary yana amsawa ga rashin hormones na thyroid (T3 da T4) ta hanyar ɓoye ƙarin TSH. Ta wannan hanyar, glandon pituitary yana ƙoƙari ya motsa thyroid don samar da ƙarin hormones. A halin da ake ciki na hyperthyroidism (lokacin da thyroid hormone ya yi yawa), da baya faruwa: TSH matakin ne low saboda pituitary gland shine yake gane wuce haddi thyroid hormones a cikin jini da kuma daina stimulating da thyroid gland shine yake. Ko da a farkon farkon matsalar thyroid, matakan TSH sau da yawa ba su da kyau. |
Sanadin
Kafin shekarun 1920, da aidin rashi shi ne babban dalilinhypothyroidism. Iodine shine ma'adinai mai mahimmanci don rayuwa da kuma samar da hormones na thyroid T3 da T4. Tun da ƙara aidin zuwa gishiri tebur - aikin da aka haifa a Michigan a cikin 1924 saboda yawancin lokuta na hypothyroidism - wannan rashi yana da wuya a kasashe masu masana'antu. Koyaya, bisa ga kiyasi daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, kusan? Mutane biliyan 2 har yanzu suna cikin hadarin rashi na aidin12. Ya kasance dalilin lamba 1 na hypothyroidism a duniya. A cikin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu inda aka nemi mutane su iyakance shan gishiri, ana iya samun haɗarin sake faruwa na ƙarancin iodine.
A zamanin yau, main haddasawa hypothyroidism a kasashe masu arzikin masana'antu sune:
- A Hashimoto ta thyroiditis. Wannan cututtukan autoimmune yana haifar da lalata glandar thyroid ta hanyar rigakafi da tsarin. Masana kimiyya ba za su iya bayyana abin da ke jawo wannan cuta ba. Wani lokaci yana bayyana a sakamakon damuwa ko kamuwa da cuta ta kwayar cuta, a cikin mutanen da suka kamu da shi.
- Un maganin da ke canza glandar thyroid. Maganin iodin rediyoaktif don magance a hyperthyroidism ko tiyata don cire thyroid gland shine yake (saboda nodule, ƙari ko ciwon thyroid) yana haifar da hypothyroidism na dindindin a kusan 80% na lokuta. Har ila yau, wani magani na radiotherapy wuyansa yana haifar da hypothyroidism na wucin gadi a cikin kusan kashi 50% na lokuta, da kuma hypothyroidism na dindindin a kusan kashi 25% na lokuta.
- A postpartum thyroiditis. A cikin 8-10% na mata, maganin autoimmune akan thyroid zai iya faruwa a cikin 'yan makonni zuwa 'yan watanni bayan.delivery15. Wannan shi ake kira "postpartum" thyroiditis. A cikin kashi 40 cikin XNUMX na lokuta, wannan thyroiditis yana haifar da hypothyroidism, wanda alamun su sun fi ko žasa alama. Yawancin lokaci suna wucewa.
Wasu abubuwan da ba a san su ba
– Wasu magunguna. Lithium, alal misali, ana amfani da shi don wasu cututtukan tabin hankali, ko amiodarone (maganin da ke ɗauke da aidin), wanda aka wajabta don rikicewar bugun zuciya, na iya haifar da hypothyroidism.
– Wani rashin daidaituwa na cikin gari na thyroid gland shine yake a yanzu daga haihuwa. Wani lokaci glandon baya tasowa akai-akai, ko kuma yana aiki mara kyau. A wannan yanayin, ana gano hypothyroidism bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwa godiya ga tsarin gwajin jini.
– A malfunction daga cikingurguwar jima'i, glandon da ke sarrafa thyroid ta hanyar hormone TSH (yana wakiltar kasa da 1% na lokuta).
- A kamuwa da cuta Kwayoyin cuta ko kwayar cuta zuwa thyroid gland shine yake.
- Duba Mutanen da ke cikin haɗari da sassan abubuwan haɗari.
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
Idan ba a kula da ita ba, cutar na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na dogon lokaci. A cikin manya, a myxoedeme, wani nau'i mai tsanani na hypothyroidism, zai iya faruwa. Alamomin myxedema sune fuska mai kumbura, rawaya, da busasshiyar fata, wacce ta bayyana tayi kauri. A lokuta masu tsanani, wasu yanayi (kamuwa da cuta, sanyi, rauni, tiyata, da dai sauransu) na iya haifar da asarar sani ko coma "Myxedematous". Bugu da ƙari, nazarin ya nuna cewa mutane dahypothyroidism shekaru da yawa suna cikin haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
A cikin yaran da ba a kula da su ba, ana samun jinkiri mai yawa a cikin girma da haɓakar hankali da ba za a iya jurewa ba, wanda aka fi sani da shi crinism. Cikakken magani, wanda aka fara da sauri, yawanci yana guje wa rikitarwa da abubuwan da ke biyo baya.