Tarihin cin ganyayyaki

Cin ganyayyaki tsari ne na zamani wanda, a cewar masana, ke samun karbuwa ne kawai. Taurari da masoyansu suna bin ta, mashahuran 'yan wasa da masana kimiyya, marubuta, mawaƙa har ma da likitoci. Haka kuma, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin zamantakewar su da shekarun su ba. Amma kowane ɗayansu, kamar, hakika, wasu mutane, ba da daɗewa ba ko kuma daga baya wannan tambaya tana faruwa: “Yaya aka fara duka?”

Yaushe kuma me yasa mutane suka fara barin nama?

Sabanin yarda da ra'ayin cewa asalin cin ganyayyaki ya samo asali ne daga Ingila, lokacin da aka gabatar da kalmar lokaci guda, an san shi a zamanin da. Na farko da aka tabbatar da ambaton mutanen da suka watsar da naman da gangan sun samo asali ne daga karni na XNUMXth - XNUMXth BC. A wannan lokacin, wannan ya taimaka musu wajen aiwatar da sadarwa tare da gumakan, tare da yin tsafin sihiri. Tabbas, da farko dai, firistoci ne suka karkata ga cin ganyayyaki. Kuma sun zauna a tsohuwar Masar.

Masana ilimin zamani sun ba da shawarar cewa mafi kyawun bayyanar gumakan Masarawa suna haifar da irin wannan tunanin. Gaskiya ne, ba sa keɓe gaskiyar cewa Masarawa sun yi imani da ruhohin dabbobin da aka kashe, wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da tattaunawa da manyan masu iko. Amma, ya kasance kamar yadda yake a zahiri, cin ganyayyaki ya kasance aƙalla a cikin mutane da yawa, sannan wasu sun sami nasarar gado.

Cincin ganyayyaki a tsohuwar Indiya

Sananne ne tabbatacce cewa a cikin lokaci daga shekara ta XNUMX zuwa Millennium na XNUMX, BC, tsari na musamman ya fara bayyana a cikin tsohuwar Indiya, yana taimaka wa mutum don inganta ba kawai a ruhaniya ba, har ma a zahiri - hatha yoga. Bugu da ƙari, ɗayan sakonnin nata shine ƙin naman. Kawai saboda yana canzawa mutum duk wata cuta da wahala na dabbar da aka kashe kuma ba ta faranta masa rai. Ya kasance a cikin cin nama a wannan lokacin mutane suka ga abin da ya haifar da tashin hankali da fushin ɗan adam. Kuma mafi ingancin tabbacin wannan shi ne canje-canjen da suka faru ga duk wanda ya sauya zuwa shuka abinci. Waɗannan mutanen sun sami lafiya da ƙarfi cikin ruhu.

Mahimmancin Buddha a Ci gaban Cin ganyayyaki

Masana kimiyya suna ganin bullowar addinin Buddha wani mataki ne na daban a cikin ci gaban cin ganyayyaki. Ya faru a cikin karni na XNUMX na BC, lokacin da Buddha, wanda ya kafa wannan addinin, tare da mabiyansa, suka fara ba da shawarar ƙin giya da abincin nama, tare da yin Allah wadai da kisan duk wani mai rai.

Tabbas, ba duk Buddha na zamani ne masu cin ganyayyaki ba. Anyi bayanin wannan da farko ta hanyar yanayi mai tsananin zafi wanda aka tilasta musu rayuwa, misali, idan akazo batun Tibet ko Mongolia. Koyaya, dukansu sunyi imani da dokokin Buddha, bisa ga abin da baza'a ci nama mara tsabta ba. Wannan nama ne, don bayyanar da mutum yana da alaƙar kai tsaye kai tsaye. Misali, idan dabbar aka kashe ta musamman saboda shi, da umarninsa, ko kuma shi da kansa.

Cincin ganyayyaki a Girka ta da

An san cewa an haife kaunar abincin shuke a nan a zamanin da. Mafi ingancin tabbaci akan wannan shine ayyukan Socrates, Plato, Plutarch, Diogenes da sauran masana falsafa da yawa waɗanda suka yarda da yarda game da fa'idar irin wannan abincin. Gaskiya ne, tunanin mai ilimin falsafa da lissafi Pythagoras ya tsaya musamman a tsakanin su. Shi, tare da ɗalibansa da yawa waɗanda suka fito daga iyalai masu tasiri, suka sauya zuwa shuka abinci, don haka suka ƙirƙiri “Societyungiyar Masu Cin ganyayyaki ta farko” Tabbas, mutanen da ke kusa da su koyaushe suna cikin damuwa game da ko sabon tsarin abinci mai gina jiki zai iya cutar da lafiyarsu. Amma a cikin karni na IV kafin haihuwar Yesu. e. sanannen Hippocrates ya amsa duk tambayoyinsu kuma ya kawar da shakkunsu.

Sha'awar da ke cikin ta ta kara ƙarfi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a wancan zamanin yana da matukar wahala a sami ƙarin naman, watakila kawai a lokacin hadaya ga gumakan. Saboda haka, yawancin masu arziki ne suka ci shi. Talakawa, babu makawa, sun zama masu cin ganyayyaki.

Gaskiya ne, masana masana sun fahimci fa'idar da cin ganyayyaki ke kawo wa mutane kuma koyaushe suna magana game da shi. Sun jaddada cewa guje wa nama hanya ce kai tsaye zuwa ga lafiya mai kyau, amfani da ƙasa yadda yakamata kuma, mafi mahimmanci, rage tashe-tashen hankulan da ke tayar da hankali ba tare da son rai ba lokacin da mutum ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar ran dabba. Haka kuma, sannan mutane sun yi imani da kasancewar rai a cikinsu kuma da yiwuwar sakewa da shi.

Af, a cikin Girka ta d that a ne rigingimu na farko game da cin ganyayyaki suka fara bayyana. Gaskiyar magana ita ce, Aristotle, mabiyin Pythagoras, ya musanta kasancewar rayuka a cikin dabbobi, sakamakon haka ya ci naman su da kansa ya kuma shawarci wasu. Kuma dalibinsa, Theophrastus, ya kasance yana jayayya da shi koyaushe, yana mai nuna cewa ƙarshen suna iya jin zafi, sabili da haka, suna da ji da rai.

Kiristanci da cin ganyayyaki

A zamanin da aka kafa ta, ra'ayoyi game da wannan tsarin abincin sun kasance masu sabani. Yi hukunci da kanka: bisa ga canons na Krista, dabbobi ba su da rayuka, saboda haka ana iya cin su lafiya. A lokaci guda, mutanen da suka sadaukar da rayukansu ga coci da Allah, ba tare da sani ba suna karkata ga abinci na tsire-tsire, saboda hakan ba ya ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar sha'awar.

Gaskiya ne, tuni a karni na 1000 miladiyya, lokacin da shaharar addinin kirista ya fara girma, kowa ya tuna da Aristotle tare da hujjojinsa game da nama kuma suka fara amfani dashi sosai don abinci. A ƙarshe, ya daina zama rabon attajirai, wanda coci ke da cikakken tallafi. Waɗanda ba su yi tunanin haka ba sun ƙare a kan gungumen binciken. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, akwai dubban masu cin ganyayyaki na gaske a cikin su. Kuma ya ɗauki kusan shekaru 400 - daga 1400 zuwa XNUMX AD. e.

Wanene kuma mai cin ganyayyaki

• Tsoffin Inca, waɗanda salon rayuwarsu har yanzu suna da sha'awar mutane da yawa.
• Tsoffin Romawa a farkon zamanin jamhuriya, wanda har ya bunkasa ilimin kimiyya, amma, an tsara shi ne don wadatattun mutane.
• Taoists na tsohuwar kasar Sin.
• Spartans waɗanda suka rayu a cikin yanayin cikakken zuriya, amma a lokaci guda sun shahara da ƙarfi da jimiri.

Kuma wannan ba cikakken lissafi bane. Sanannen abu ne sananne cewa ɗayan khalifofin farko, bayan Muhammad, ya aririci almajiransa da su daina nama kuma kada su juya cikinsu zuwa kaburburan dabbobin da aka yanka. Akwai maganganu game da buƙatar cin abinci na tsire-tsire a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, a cikin littafin Farawa.

Renaissance

Ana iya kiransa da aminci zamanin farfaɗuwar cin ganyayyaki. Lallai, a farkon Zamanin Tsakiya, 'yan adam sun manta da shi. Daga baya, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun wakilansa shine Leonardo da Vinci. Ya dauka cewa nan gaba kadan, za a bi da kisan dabbobi marasa laifi kamar yadda ake kashe mutum. Shi kuma Gassendi, wani masanin falsafa dan kasar Faransa, ya ce cin nama ba halin mutane ba ne, don haka ne bisa ra'ayinsa ya bayyana tsarin hakora, yana mai da hankali kan cewa ba an yi su ne don cin naman ba.

J. Ray, masanin kimiyya daga Ingila, ya rubuta cewa abincin nama baya kawo ƙarfi. Kuma babban marubucin Ingilishi Thomas Tryon ya zarce haka, inda ya bayyana a shafukan littafinsa "The Way to Health" cewa nama shine sanadin cututtuka da dama. Kawai saboda dabbobin da kansu, waɗanda ke cikin mawuyacin yanayi, suna shan wahala daga gare su, sannan kuma da gangan sun mika su ga mutane. Bugu da kari, ya dage cewa daukar ran kowane halitta don abinci ba shi da ma'ana.

Gaskiya ne, duk da waɗannan maganganun, babu mutane da yawa waɗanda suke so su ba da nama don cin abincin tsire-tsire. Amma duk abin da ya canza a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX.

Wani sabon fage na ci gaban cin ganyayyaki

A wannan lokacin ne tsarin abinci na zamani ya fara samun shahara. Ingilishi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan. Rumor yana da cewa sun kawo ta daga Indiya, mulkin mallaka, tare da addinin Vedic. Kamar kowane abu na gabas, da sauri ya fara samo halin ɗabi'a. Bugu da ƙari, wasu dalilai sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan.

A cikin 1842, kalmar “cin ganyayyaki“Godiya ga kokarin da waɗanda suka kafa Vegungiyar Cin ganyayyaki ta Burtaniya a Manchester suka yi. An haifeshi ne daga kalmar Latin data kasance "vegetus", wanda aka fassara ma'anar "sabo, mai kuzari, lafiyayye." Bugu da kari, ya kasance abin alama ne, saboda a cikin sautin ya yi kama da "kayan lambu" - "kayan lambu". Kuma kafin wannan, sanannen tsarin abinci kawai ana kiransa "Indiya".

Daga Ingila, ya bazu ko'ina cikin Turai da Amurka. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sha'awar barin kisa don abinci. Sai dai kuma a cewar wasu manazarta harkokin siyasa, tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da ta haifar da tashin gwauron zabin nama, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan. Hakazalika, mashahuran mutane na zamaninsu sun yi magana akan cin ganyayyaki.

Schopenhauer ya ce mutanen da suke sauyawa da gangan don shuka abinci suna da ƙimar ɗabi'a mafi girma. Kuma Bernard Shaw ya yi amannar cewa ya kasance kamar mutum mai mutunci, yana ƙin cin naman dabbobi marasa laifi.

Bayyanar ganyayyaki a cikin Rasha

Leo Tolstoy ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban wannan tsarin abinci a farkon ƙarni na ashirin. Shi da kansa ya ba da nama a shekarar 1885 bayan ganawa da William Frey, wanda ya tabbatar masa cewa jikin mutum ba a tsara shi don narkar da irin wannan abinci mai wuya ba. Sananne ne cewa wasu daga cikin yaransa sun taimaka wajen bunkasa cin ganyayyaki. Godiya ga wannan, shekaru da yawa daga baya a Rasha, sun fara gabatar da laccoci kan fa'idar cin ganyayyaki da gudanar da taruka iri daya.

Bugu da ƙari, Tolstoy ya taimaka ci gaban cin ganyayyaki ba kawai a baki ba, har ma a aikace. Ya yi rubutu game da shi a cikin littattafai, ya buɗe cibiyoyin ilimin yara da masu cin abincin gargajiya tare da abinci na ganyayyaki na yau da kullun ga mutanen da ke cikin bukata.

A cikin 1901, ƙungiyar cin ganyayyaki ta farko ta bayyana a cikin St. Petersburg. A wannan lokacin, aikin ilimantarwa mai aiki ya fara, sannan bayyanar farkon ganyayyun ganyayyaki masu cin ganyayyaki. Daya daga cikinsu ya kasance a cikin Moscow a kan titin Nikitsky.

Bayan Juyin juya halin Oktoba, an hana cin ganyayyaki, amma bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata sai aka sake farfaɗo da shi. Sananne ne cewa a yau akwai sama da masu cin ganyayyaki biliyan 1 a duniya, waɗanda har yanzu suke bayyana fa'idojinsa a bainar jama'a, suna ƙoƙarin sa ta shahara kuma, ta haka, ceton rayukan dabbobi marasa laifi.

Tsarin ci gaba da samuwar cin ganyayyaki ya dawo shekaru dubbai. Akwai lokuta a ciki lokacin da ya kasance a saman shaharar ko kuma, akasin haka, a mantuwa, amma, duk da su, yana ci gaba da wanzuwa kuma yana samun masu kaunarsa a duk duniya. Daga cikin mashahurai da magoya bayansu, 'yan wasa, masana kimiyya, marubuta, mawaƙa da kuma talakawa.