Grafted ko nasu-kafe wardi: wanda shi ne mafi alhẽri, dasa shuki da kuma kula

Wardi yana ba da mazauna rani tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri. Hanyar girma seedling yana rinjayar fasalin ƙarin kulawa. Saboda haka, a lokacin da sayen, gogaggen lambu suna sha'awar grafted ko tushen wardi.

Seedlings iri biyu ne: kafe daga yanka da kuma grafted uwa daji fure rootstock.

Menene tushen wardi ke nufi?

Gidajen gandun daji suna ba da kayan shuka iri-iri. Seedlings girma ta hanyar rooting cuttings, layering ko rarraba daji suna da tushen kansu. Gogaggen lambu suna kula da nau'ikan iri-iri, kuma ba ga hanyar haifuwa ba, saboda suna haifar da tsire-tsire da kansu.

Girma na tushen wardi ba zai yiwu ba a duk yankuna. Yawancin nau'ikan ba su da sanyi, don haka ana dasa su a kan haja. Tushen daji mai ƙarfi yana zurfafa cikin ƙasa kuma yana ciyar da ƙananan harbe na shrub. A cikin yankunan arewa, an binne rigakafin 2-3 cm a cikin ƙasa, kuma don hunturu an rufe su da humus da rassan spruce.

Yawancin lambu suna ƙoƙari su girma tushen kansu daga cuttings.

Tushen suna samuwa bayan watanni 2-3. Duk da haka, har yanzu ana buƙatar adana ƙananan tsire-tsire, don haka an gina musu greenhouse kuma ana girma a cikin gida. Tushen matasa na iya mutuwa a yanayin zafi ƙasa 0 ⁰C. A cikin shekara ta biyu, shuka yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi, yana shirye don dasawa cikin ƙasa, amma don hunturu an rufe shrub da fiber maras saka. Tsire-tsire masu tushen kansu sun fi takwarorinsu da aka dasa su a kan tushen furen daji cikin tsawon rai da ƙawa.

Menene grafted wardi

Da farko, an kawo shuka daga ƙasashe masu dumi inda babu lokacin sanyi kuma ba a buƙatar hutawa. Saboda haka, sun fara dasa fure a kan wani daji fure rootstock domin karfafa rigakafi da kuma kara sanyi juriya.

Yawancin gandun daji na lambu suna amfani da hanyar budding, saboda wannan yana haɓaka tsarin haifuwa sosai. Ba kowane iri-iri ba ne ke ba da tushe akan yankan, don haka ana amfani da hanyar grafting.

Idan an binne wurin grafting a cikin ƙasa, to fure zai iya ba da tushensa.

Rosehip yana da ƙarfi, kuma wani lokacin tsire-tsire mai ban tsoro, yana jure lokacin hunturu da kyau, kuma yana girma cikin sauri. Ya canja wurin duk ikon zuwa grafted fure.

Idan an binne dasa 3 cm cikin ƙasa, tushensa zai iya fitowa daga tushe. Bayan lokaci, za su yi girma, kuma shuka zai sami ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki.

Don haka, furen da aka dasa zai iya zama tushen kansa. A cikin kaka, an rufe shuka da humus kuma an rufe shi da agrofiber don furen ya tsira da kyau a lokacin hunturu. Wani lokaci tushen tushen ya bushe, wanda tushensa zai taimaka wa furen tsira.

Masana sun ba da shawarar kada su binne floribundas da nau'in shayi iri-iri na wardi, saboda shafin grafting yana rots kuma shuka ya mutu, yana barin daji ya girma. Masu lambu daga yankunan arewacin kasar suna siyan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne kawai, saboda furanni masu tushe ba za su iya jure yanayin hunturu ba.

Menene bambanci tsakanin wardi da aka dasa da kuma tushen tushen kansu?

Gogaggen lambu ba sa kula da hanyar yaduwa, saboda sun san yadda ake shuka furanni da kansu, sun fi sha'awar nau'in da iri-iri. Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin nasu-kafe da grafted wardi suna bayyana a cikin hanzari ci gaba a kan rootstock da iko rigakafi a cikin radicular wadanda.

Tsire-tsire masu tsiro suna girma a yankuna daban-daban na yanayi. Nasu tushen wardi sun fi son da kudancin yankunan. Gogaggen lambu suna zurfafa wurin grafting lokacin dasa shuki don shuka ya girma saiwar sa. Wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa yana ba ku damar haɓaka haɓakar shrub da haɓaka rigakafi.

Nau'in wuraren shakatawa, nau'ikan hawan hawa da floribunda suna girma da tushen kansu kuma suna jure wa yanayin zafi kaɗan kaɗan.

Ribobi da fursunoni na tushen wardi

Kowane shuka yana da yawan fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Kyawawan siffofi sun haɗa da:

• juriya ga cututtuka na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri;
• halayen hunturu-hardy suna karuwa;
• daji yana rayuwa fiye da shekaru goma;
• yalwar furanni;
• rashin harbe-harbe;
• Lokacin da rassan suka daskare, wuyan basal ya kasance da rai, kuma sababbin harbe suna girma daga buds na barci.

Baya ga abũbuwan amfãni, nasu-kafe wardi suna da yawan rashin amfani. Abubuwan da ba su da kyau sun haɗa da:

• matasa seedlings sannu a hankali suna ƙara yawan su, don haka shuka yana da rauni;
• dogon tsari na haifuwa;
• babban buƙatu akan abun da ke ciki na ƙasa.

Ribobi da fursunoni na grafted wardi

Tsire-tsire masu tsiro sun fi rauni. Tsananin sanyi na iya lalata sashin ƙasa na sama, amma tunda suna da tushen rosehip, fure ba zai dawo da girma ba. Bugu da kari, wurin yin rigakafin na iya rube ko rube.

Tsawon rayuwar furen fure ya kai shekaru biyar. A tsawon lokaci, wuyan basal yana danne ta hips fure na daji, kuma daji ya girma. Baya ga rashin amfani, shukar budded yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:

• ninka da sauri;
• mai kyau tsira na ko da rauni cuttings;
• kowane nau'i da nau'in suna da tushe;
• shuka yana girma da sauri.

Alurar riga kafi tare da raunin idanu na iya wahala a lokacin hunturu da ambaliyar ruwa

Yadda ake dasa tushen wardi

Kafin dasa shuki, shirya ƙasa. Don wardi masu tushen kansu, haske, ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau a cikin humus sun dace. Ana kiyaye danshi a cikin yumbu mai yumbu, sakamakon haka, dasa ko tushen wuyansa ya rube.

Shrub yana son yankuna masu dumi, don haka an zaɓi wurin a cikin yankin rana ko a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa. Laka ba ta da zafi, bi da bi, ana ƙara yashi da humus a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. A kan tuddai, an zaɓi gangaren kudu maso yamma.

Ana girbe yankan a lokacin rani, bazara da kaka 10-15 cm tsayi

Don tsire-tsire, an zaɓi harbe matasa masu ɓarna. Ana yada wardi kuma ana shuka su bisa ga umarnin mataki-mataki masu zuwa:

1. A kan yanke, 10-15 cm tsayi, an bar internodes uku.
2. An yanke kasan yankan a kwana 45⁰, yayin da 5 cm ya koma baya daga koda, an bar 1 cm a saman.
3. Ana cire ƙananan ganye, kuma a yanka na sama a rabi.
4. Ana shirya substrate daga yashi, humus da peat a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1: 1. Fada barci a cikin wani greenhouse. Sauƙaƙan jika ƙasa.
5. Ana zurfafa yankan ta hanyar 2 cm, barin nesa na 5 cm tsakanin seedlings.
6. Rufe tare da murfi kuma sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai dumi tare da zazzabi na 23-25 ⁰C. Sau da yawa lokaci-lokaci iska da jiƙa ƙasa da bindiga mai feshi.
7. Bude murfin bayan makonni uku. Seedlings ana dasa a cikin daban-daban tukwane.
8. A shekara mai zuwa, a cikin bazara, ana shirya ramukan dasa tare da zurfin 10-20 cm. Ana zuba humus, peat da yashi a ƙasa. Mix ƙasa.
9. Ana fitar da seedling daga cikin tukwane tare da gunkin ƙasa. An sanya shi don tushen wuyansa ya kasance 3-4 cm ƙasa da ƙasa.
10. An binne seedling, an shayar da shi sosai kuma an yayyafa shi da humus.

Tushen fure kula

Ana takin tsire-tsire matasa a lokacin rani sau ɗaya kowane mako biyu. Wardi suna son humus, don haka ƙwararrun lambu sun dage taki ko faduwa a cikin ruwa 1: 1 na kwanaki 10-15. Ana kuma kara takin ma'adinai. Furen yana amsa da kyau ga boron, potassium da phosphorus. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin zamani bisa ga umarnin masana'anta. Cin abinci mai yawa zai iya haifar da kishiyar sakamako, kuma shuka zai bushe.

A cikin kaka, ana yanke bulala da suka shuɗe. Hakanan ana cire sandunan kore, ba su da lokacin zama katako kuma ba za su jure sanyi ba. A watan Satumba-Nuwamba, an rufe wardi da humus. Matasa bushes suna spuded zuwa tsawo na 15 cm. A cikin yankunan arewa, an danna sashin da ke sama a ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da spunbond, yana barin sararin samaniya. Wasu suna gina akwatunan katako. Don lokacin hunturu, ana amfani da takin potash-phosphorus a ƙarƙashin tushen.

A cikin bazara, ana cire matsuguni a hankali, lokacin da sanyin dare ya tsaya, kuma an kafa yawan zafin jiki na dare na + 5-10. ⁰C. Suna gabatar da hadadden takin ma'adinai, wanda a ciki akwai abun ciki mafi girma na nitrogen.

Kammalawa

Wardi da aka daskare ko nasu suna da fa'idodi da fursunoni da yawa. Sanin nau'in haifuwa, yana da sauƙi ga mai lambu don kula da shuka. Nurseries bayar da abokan ciniki grafted seedlings cewa suna girma cikin sauri.